The exploration of drug toxicity and mechanisms is a vital component in ensuring the safe use of drugs in clinical practice, as this topic has attracted widespread concern. The intestinal flora holds great significance for drug metabolism, efficacy and mechanism, and is an instrumental metabolic organ that facilitates material information transfer and biotransformation. However, an increasing number of studies have shown that intestinal bacteria are closely related to the toxicity of specific drugs. On the one hand, drugs are transformed into toxic metabolites under the influence of intestinal bacteria, thus inducing direct drug toxicity. On the other hand, the composition and function of the intestinal flora are altered under drug influence, resulting in disruption of endogenous metabolic pathways. Consequently, this disruption compromises the intestinal barrier and affects other organs, leading to indirect drug toxicity. This review meticulously compiles recent examples of drug toxicity attributed to intestinal bacteria, explores in depth the contention that metabolic enzymes of gut microbiota may be of great influence on oral drug toxicity, and outlines prospective avenues for future research on gut microbiota and drug toxicity and mechanisms. This not only provides novel perspectives for the judicious clinical utilization of drugs but also offers insights for the safety assessment of innovative pharmaceuticals.

BACKGROUND:Many internal fixations,such as dynamic hip screw,Gamma screw,proximal femoral nail,angle steel plate,as well as locking proximac femoral plate,are utilized in treating intertrochanteric fractures,especially the dynamic hip screw However,the failure rate is gradually increased.OBJECTIVE:To explore the application and clinical efficacy of total hip replacement for the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric fracture fixation after failure of dynamic hip screw.METHODS:A total of four cases with intertrochanteric fractures were treated by total hip replacement after failure of dynamic hip screw fixation was selected.According to Evans typing,one case were type Ⅱ,two cases were type Ⅲ A,and one case was typeⅢB.Internal fixation displacement could be found at half to 1 year after dynamic hip screw fixation.Because of bone disunion,coxa adducta and pain,the patients could not walk.Sequentially,total hip replacement was performed with 45°abduct angle and10°-15°anteversion angle The clinical efficacy was evaluated by Harris scoring criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:All the cases were operated smoothly,with 1.5-2 hour operation duration and 400-600 mL blood loss.No case appeared allergic response to bone cement.By 3-12 months follow-up,4 successful operative cases do not appear prosthesis loosening,subsidence and are satisfied with well hip function.The average Harris score were 81 points.The results revealed that application of total hip replacement after the failure of DHS in elderly intertrochanteric fracture fixation,which shortened the time patients stay in bed to reduce complications and improved the hip joint function.

Objective To investigate the anxious behavior in acute parkinson's mice that were induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) injection.Methods Twenty mice were randomly divided into the control group (n =10) and model group(n =10);The model group was induced by injecting MPTP dosage,and the control group was induced by the same dose of saline.The anxious behaviors in mice were tested by the elevated plus-maze test and the light/dark box.Results The model group mice spent a longer time than the control group in the dark box (P ＜ 0.05).The open arm entry (OE),open arm time (OT) and OE％ of model group was significantly less than that in control group in the elevated plus-maze test (P ＜ 0.01),the OT％ was significantly less than control group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Anxiety symptoms appeared in the model group of early parkinson disease (PD)mice.

Objective To investigate the value of the interhospital transportation and the advantage of the cooperative network to the critically ill children.Methods The clinical data of 232 critically ill chil-dren transported from other hospitals in long distances to PICU of Fudan University Affiliated Children Hos-pital cooperated with Shanghai 120 interprovincial transport Department,between Oct 2010 and Oct 2013, were analyzed retrospectively.Results At otal of 232 critically ill childrne were transported from 31 hospi-tals of Eastern China region including five provinces and the city of Shanghai.Among thse e critically ill chil-dren 141 casse were male and 91 cases were femla e,with age from 29 days ot 13 years( median age was 12 months) and weight from 2.5 to 66 kg ( median weight was 10 kg ) .The average pediatric clinical illness score was 80.4 ±7.7,155 cases(66.8%) were single organ dysfunction,55 cases(23.7%) were multiple organs dysfunction,105 cases(45.3%) were mechanical ventilation required fort ransportait on.Referral radi-us was 50-1 000 km(median).Among these patients,87 cases(37.3%) weret ransported over 200 km radius and73 cases(36%) were transop rted 101-200 km,62 cases(26.7%) were transported 100 km or less.D ur-ing the transportation,0 case died,3 cases(1.3%) received cardiopulmonary resuscitation treatment,2 cases (0.9%) received electrical conversion treatment,2 cases(0.9%) were replaced endotracheal intuab tion,the success rate of transportation was 100%.The top 4 disae ses were respiratro y id seases(90 cases,38.8%), neural diseases(43 cases,18.5%) ,cardiovascular diseases(36 cases,15.5%) and acute pediatric trauma(28 cases,12.1%) .Al l 232 cir tically ill children were admitted to our PICU for further treatment through the Green Channel.In the end, 178 cases ( 76.7%) discharged, 24 cases ( 10.3%) gave up and 32 cases (13.8%) died.Among thse e 232 rc itically ill children,30 cases(12.9%) received special organ replacement treatment,4 casse ( 1.7%) of whom were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxyg enation, 26 cases (11.1%) received blood purification therapy.Conclusion Establishing the system of transportation between PICU of hospitals will be propitious to treat the critically ill children energetically and effectively.It is worth pro-moting to master the transportation indication of children with critical illness,which is safe and reliable.

Objective To observe the position and mobility of the tape after tension-free vaginal tape-obturator(TVT-O) surgery using transperineal two and three dimensional ultrasonography in patients with stress urinary incontinence.Methods A total of 32 patients with stress urinary incontinence who had TVT-O surgery and cured were enrolled.Transperineal two and three dimensional ultrasonography were performed after operation 3 months later.Both the position,morphology and mobility of the tape at rest and during Valsalva menuaver were observed.Results The tapes were mainly located in the 1/3 connection of the middle and distal urethra.The length of the urethra and the length of the urethra between the bladder neck and the proximal tape at valsalva menuaver were longer than those at rest.The tapes moved front-down at valsalva manuaver according to the mean distance between the tape and the symphysis pubis.The angles of the tapes were smaller at valsalva manuaver without significant difference.Conclusion It is useful to observe the position,morphology and mobility of the tape using transperineal two and three dimensional ultrasonography.The changes of the position and morphology of the tapes at valsalva menuaver were not significant.But the tapes can strengthen the urine control in the middle of urethra.

AIM:To evaluate the recovery about the visual cortex function of stereopsis in anisometropic amblyopia after regular amblyopia treatment 6, 12 and 18mo with blood oxygenation level dependent - function magnetic resonance imaging techniques ( BOLD-fMRI) .
METHODS: In this study, self-controlled study before and after treatment was used, and blocks-designed fMRI was performed on 11 children which was the first phase of research for amblyopic treatment. Functional MRI data were processed by using SPM8 which based on the Matlab 7. 12. 0. 635. Through the hypothesis drive method, the differences range of activated area in each group were compared by before and after amblyopia treatment matched t-test.
RESULTS: The functional area that was left occipital lobe (BA18), middle occipital gyrus (BA19), limbic lobe (BA19), lingualis gyrus of the right occipital lobe (BA17) and the bilateral parietal lobe ( BA7 ) expanded after amblyopia treatment 6, 12mo, compared those treatment phase, mean t value was 1. 5762, 1. 6856 respectively (P<0. 001). However, the difference of activated intensity was lower after 18mo, mean t value was 1. 1473 (0. 001 CONCLUSION: In children anisometropic amblyopia, the speed of function reconstruction about visual cortical functional mediating stereopsis increase slowly after amblyopia treatment 1a.

Background Retinal ganglion cell (RGCs) death following ischaemic insult is the major cause of a number of vision-threatening diseases.Recent studies confirmed that micro RNA (miR-30b) can alleviate hypoxy-induced cardiac injury.However,whether miR-30b can protect RGCs against oxygen-glucose deprivation damage is still not ellucidated.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of miR-30b on RGCs damage caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation.Methods The retinas were isolated from the eyeballs of eight SD rats aged postnatal 24 hours and RGCs were primarily cultured.The cells were divided into the recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAVV) control group,rAAV-miR-30b mimic group and AAV-miR-30b inhibitor group.Then the cells were transfected using rAVV-miR plasmid,rAAV-miR-30b mimic plasmid and AAV-miR-30b inhibitor plasmid,respectively for 6 days with the RGCs ∶ AAV as 1 ∶ 10 000.The cells were cultured with low glucose medium in hypoxygen incubator (5％ CO2,17％ N2,3％ O2) or 5％ CO2 incubator respectively for 24 hours.Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 assay.The expression of Tubulin Ⅲ,a neuron specific marker,was detected by immunofluorescence technology to evaluate the survival of RGCs.The apoptosis and necrosis of the cells were assessed by Hoechst/PI double staining.Results The RGCs grew well with round shape and 1 3 processes 7 days after cultured in the normal cells.However,the RGCs were diminished and the cell process disrupted in the oxygen-glucose deprivation group.The relative vability of the cells was 3.310-±0.162 in the rAAV-miR-30b mimic group,which was significantly higher than 0.949±0.141 in the rAAV-miR-30b inhibitor group and 0.900±0.181 in the rAAV-miR control group(t=10.508,10.296,both at P＜0.001).It was positively expressed in survival RGCs,with the red fluorescence.The number of Tubulin Ⅲ+ cells was (13.800± 1.924)/field in the rAAV-miR-30b mimic group,showing a significant increase in comparison with (0.600±0.548)/field in the rAAV-miR-30b inhibitor group and (0.800± 1.304)/field in the rAAV-miR control group (t =15.141,14.912,both at P ＜ 0.001).Significant differences were found in the apoptosis rate and necrosis rate among the rAAV-miR-30b mimic group,rAAV-miR control group and PBS group (F=10.851,P=0.002;F=6.378,P=0.013),and the apoptosis rate and necrosis rate in the rAAV-miR-30b mimic group were considerably lower than those in the rAAV-miR control group and PBS group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions The oxygen-glucose deprivation models can be established in RGCs by hypooxygic and low-glucose cultivation.rAAV encoding miR-30b mimics transfection can protect RGCs against oxygen-glucose deprivation damage.

The medicinal history of Pien Tze Huang is long, and it is the only "double top secret" variety of technology and formula at present. It has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, detumescence and pain, cooling blood and removing blood stasis. At present, researchers have analyzed and identified some compounds in Pien Tze Huang and its precious medicinal materials, such as Panax notoginseng, calculus bovis, snake gall and musk, and conducted activity screening, pharmacokinetics and pharmacological related studies on these chemical components. It was found that Pien Tze Huang had a significant effect on the treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis, ulcer, colon cancer, liver cancer and other diseases. The purpose of this paper is to systematically discuss the research achievements of researchers in recent years on the material basis, pharmacological effects and clinical application of Pien Tze Huang, with a view to providing ideas for the further research of Pien Tze Huang.

A DICOM Server Mediate Layer is introduced in this paper. It communicates with modalities according to DICOM3.0 standard on the one hand, provides a simple way to interface with other application on the other hand, this mades the implementation of DICOM service much easier for other applications.
Computer Communication Networks ; instrumentation ; Computer Security ; Computer Systems ; Computers ; Equipment Design ; Radiology Information Systems ; Software

BACKGROUND:Glial scar and cavity formation fol owing spinal cord injury inhibits axonal entrance, so limited axonal regeneration, less secretion of neurotrophic factor and inhibitors in the microenvironment of axonal growth are considered as major impediments for impacting functional recovery of patients with spinal cord injury.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze literatures home and abroad related to the biological characters of astrocytes and glial scar hyperplasia after spinal cord injury, and to provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism underlying glial scar formation fol owing spinal cord injury.
METHODS:PubMed and Wanfang databases were retrieved using the keywords“astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis, glial scar, spinal cord injury”in English and Chinese, respectively. Final y 62 literatures were selected for overview.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Currently, studies concerning the biological characters of astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation fol owing spinal cord injury have achieved some progresses. Studies mainly focus on the sole impediment for spinal cord injury, and treatment also aims at inhibiting single factor, but interactions among factors have not been confimed. In addition, the regulatary mechanisms of specific intracel ular and extracel ular signal molecule in the astrocytes, and effective control and interference of glial scar formation fol owing spinal cord injury stil need in-depth study.