Bronchi ; cytology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology

Noise, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services ; standards ; Threshold Limit Values

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Shenxiong Huayu Capsule (SHC) on the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and the expression of growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) after total cerebral IR in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats.

METHODSTotally 100 male adult SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, i.e., the control group, the model group, the group A (by taking SHC once daily), the group B (by taking SHC twice daily), and the group C (by taking SHC thrice daily), 20 in each group. The total IR model was prepared by improved Pulsinelli's 4-vessel occlusion method. Morphological changes of the hippocampal CA1 region were observed by HE staining at day 1, 3, 7, and 14. The expression of GAP43 in the hippocampal CA1 region was detected using immunohistochemical assay at day 1, 3, 7, and 14. Meanwhile, the behavioral score was determined. The expression of GAP43 in the hippocampal CA1 region was detected using Western blot at day 14.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the expression of GAP43 increased in the model group, the behavioral score was elevated, degenerated neurons increased, and survival neurons decreased in the model group (all P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of GAP-43 increased (with the most significant difference seen in the group C, P < 0.01), the behavioral score significantly decreased, degenerated neurons decreased, and survival neurons increased in each HSC group (all P < 0.05). Survival neurons obviously increased at day 14, of which, most number of survival neurons and highest contents of GAP43 protein could be seen in the group C, showing statistical difference when compared with those of the group A and the group B (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSHC had protective effect on total cerebral IR in the hippocampal CA1, which might be associated with increased expression of GAP43.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; GAP-43 Protein ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism

Aim The effects of antibiotics and anticoagulants on mouse peritonaeum were ob-served to explore the factor of the peritoneal dialysis related sclerosing peritoni-tis. Methods The experimental models of peritoneal dialysis were established in miceby infusing different kind of drugs to the peritoneal cavity and the changes of the peri-toneal membrane for each drug at different time were observed by the autopsy and lightmicroscope for several weeks. Results Amikacin, Cefradine, Zinacef, Ciprofloxacin,Heparin and Urokinase could induce sclerosing changes of peritoneal membrane such asloss of peritoneal mesothelum infiltration of inflammatory cells and of proliferation fibrecell.These changes were irreversible after the drugs were stoped.Conclusion Thedrugs commonly used in peritoneal dialysis may in different degree result in peritonealsclerosis.

Rat aorta media, adventitia and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were used in this study to identify the source of nitric oxide (NO) generation from various cell types of vascular tissues and to elucidate the mechanisms involved in NO formation. Treatment of vascular media and VSMCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta)] resulted in a dose-dependent increase of NO release. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the stimulated VSMCs was significantly upregulated as shown by Western blot analysis. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7) prevented LPS-, TNF-alpha- and IL-1beta-induced NO production, whereas N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinoline-sulfonamide (HA1004), an H7 analogue with little activity towards PKC, had no inhibition effect. The role of PKC in LPS- and cytokine-induced changes on NO formation was confirmed by using another structurally distinct PKC inhibitor chelerythrine. Treatment of VSMCs with protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor genistein or tyrphostin AG18 also reduced the NO production evoked by LPS, TNF-alpha or IL-1beta, which was associated with inhibition of iNOS protein expression. In contrast, PKC inhibitor chelerythrine did not affect iNOS expression. These results suggest that PTK mediates LPS- and cytokine-induced NO formation by upregulation of iNOS expression. PKC may be involved in the post-translational modification of iNOS or the regulation of the availability of iNOS substrates and cofactors.
Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-1beta ; pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Protein Kinase C ; physiology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology

Animals ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Dichlorvos ; blood ; Dimethoate ; blood ; Insecticides ; blood ; Methyl Parathion ; blood ; Mice ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; blood

Objective To observe the effect of hypoxia reoxygenation on activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and MDA content as well as[Ca~(2+)],concentration and mitochondria membrane poten- tial of intestinal epithelial cell-6(IEC-6)in IEC culture medium and explore the protective effect and mechanism of serum containing Ziqi-liquid(a preparation of Chinese herbal medicine)on hypoxia reoxy- genation damaged IEC-6.Methods Hypoxia reoxygenation damage model of IEC-6 was made.SOD activity and MPA content in IEC-6 culture medium were determined by ultraviolet spectrometry after hy- poxia reoxygenation and treatment with Ziqi-liquid.Meanwhile,MMP changes and[Ca~(2+)]concentration were detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy.Results After hypoxia reoxygenation,SOD and MMP were significantly decreased,but MDA content and[ Ca~(2+)] concentration significantly increased (P＜0.01),and significantly facilitated by serum containing Ziqi-liquid.Conclusion Hypoxia reoxy- genation can damage IEC-6,but the serum containing Ziqi-liquid has significant protective effect on it.

Objective To evaluate the association of islet autoantibodies [ glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody(GADA),protein tyrosine phosphatase antibody(IA-2A)and insulin autoantibodies(IAA)1 with HLA- DQ genotypes in the first-degree relatives of autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methods This was a cross- sectional and case-control study.Three hundred and fifty-one first-degree relatives with normal glucose tolerance of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 376 healthy controls were recruited and measured for GADA,IA-2A and IAA by radioligand assay,and 156 first-degree relatives of patients with autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus and 278 controls were typed for genetic polymorphisms of HLA-DQ with PCR sequencing-based typing method.Results (1)DQA1*03,DQBI*0303,*0401 alleles and DQA1 * 03-DQBI * 0303,DQA1 * 05-DQBI * 0201,DQA1 * 03-DQBI * 0401 haplotypes were significantly increased in the first-degree relatives of autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus(P

Plasma obestatin level was determined in patients with impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes mellitus.The plasma obestatin levels in patients of both groups were significantly decreased as compared with that in controls.Plasma obestatin level was negatively correlated with body mass index,HbA_(1C),waist-to-hip ratio,plasma insulin and HOMA-IR.Obestatin level seems to be related with metabolic disorder.

Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging technique based on a manganese (Mn2+) tracer makes labeling the optic nerve in vivo possible.However studies on the optimal concentration and dynamic change after injection of Mn2+ are rare.Objective This study was designed to explore the time- and dose-dependent response for Mn2+-enhanced MRI of visual pathway after intravitreal injection of MnCl2.Methods Different concentrations of MnCl2(0.5,1,2,5,10,15,20,40mmol/L) with a volume of 25μl were intravitreally injected into the left eyes of 48 pigmented rabbits and were randomly divided into eight groups according to the drug concentrations.No reagent reg was injected into the right eyes as controls.MRI was performed at 4,6,8,12,24,48,96 and 168 hours after the administration of MnCl2 to examine the imaging of the optic nerve,chiasma,optic tract,lateral geniculate body and epithalamus.The signal-noise ratio of MRI in visual pathway was calculated and the optimal concentration and best imaging time after injection of MnCl2 were assessed.The use of the animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The imaging of the optical nerve in the left eyes was enhanced in comparison with the right eyes 24 hours after injection of 0.5-1 mmol/L MnCl2 with a significant difference in SNR value between these two groups (t=1.17,t=0.95,P>0.05).24 hours after the injection of 2 mmol/L MnCl2 into the left eyes,the SNR value of the optic nerve on the left side was higher than the right side t=8.43,P<0.05),but no image of lateral geniculate body and epithalamus was found in the left side compared to the right side (t=0.04,t=0.22,P>0.05).The strongest imaging signal in optical nerve was seen in 24 hours after the intravitreal injection of 10-40 mmol/L MnCl2 and decayed gradually from 24 to 168 hours with a transportation speed of (3.32±0.19) mm/h in rabbit visual pathway.SNR value of optic nerve showed a positive correlation with the concentrations of MnCl2 with the regression equation Y=77.786+2.467X(F=20.102,P=0.004,R2=0.770).Conclusion Manganese-enhanced MRI is a viable method for temporospatial visualization of optic never in the pigmented rabbits.The image intensity of MRI is associated with the dose of Mn2+.