OBJECTIVETo investigate lyophilization of SM-SLN.

METHODThe parameters of lyophilization process was optimized. In addition, the protective effect of various types and concentrations of cryoprotectants were tested by shape, colour and disparity.

RESULTThe mixture of 2% lactose and 2% glucose could better prevent nanoparticles from aggregating, the optimal lyophilization process was followed: precooled at -45 degrees C for 10 hr; primary drying at -25 degrees C for 5 hr; secondary drying at 10 degrees C for 3 hr; finally drying at 30 degrees C for 6 hr.

CONCLUSIONChanges in particle size distribution during lyophilization could be minimized by optimizing the parameters of the lyophilization process and adding supporting agent.

Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Freeze Drying ; methods ; Glucose ; chemistry ; Lactose ; chemistry ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Milk Thistle ; chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Particle Size ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Silymarin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

To investigate the inhibitory effect of Pluronic on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug efflux pump, Caco-2 cells and animal models were established to study the influence of Pluronic on celiprolol transport across Caco-2 cell monolayer and intestinal mucous membrane with verapamil set as a positive control. Drug concentration was measured by HPLC and the apparent permeability coefficient (P(app)), absorption rate constant (k(a)) and the effective permeability coefficient (P(eff)) were calculated. P(app) of basolateral to apical side and apical to basolateral side was (2.10 +/- 0.13) x 10(-6) and (0.333 +/- 0.018) x 10(-6) cm x s(-1), respectively. Transports of celiprolol across Caco-2 cell monolayer were influenced by both verapamil and Pluronic. The absorption constants (k(a)) of celiprolol at duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon were (0.09 +/- 0.03), (0.14 +/- 0.04), (0.11 +/- 0.03) and (0.05 +/- 0.02) h(-1), k(a) of celiprolol in verapamil group were (0.14 +/- 0.03), (0.24 +/- 0.02), (0.25 +/- 0.03) and (0.23 +/- 0.02) h(-1), and k(a) of celiprolol in Pluronic group were (0.13 +/- 0.02), (0.22 +/- 0.02), (0.22 +/- 0.03) and (0.20 +/- 0.03) h(-1), respectively. Pluronic showed significant effect on inhibiting P-gp of Caco-2 cell and intestinal mucosa in rats.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; drug effects ; Caco-2 Cells ; Celiprolol ; pharmacokinetics ; Excipients ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Jejunum ; metabolism ; Male ; Permeability ; Poloxamer ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study whether combined detection of the methylation status of vimentin, sFRP1, and HPP1 gene can increase the positive methylation rate in colorectal cancer.

METHODSTissue samples were collected from 90 patients with colorectal cancer, 60 patients with adenomatous polyp, and 20 healthy controls. DNA was extracted and the methylation status of vimentin, sFRP1, and HPP1 gene was detected by Methylation-specific PCR (MSP). The relationship between clinicopathologic features of colorectal cancer and gene methylation was analyzed.

RESULTSThe methylation rates of vimentin, sFRP1, and HPP1 were 66.7%, 68.9%, and 72.2% in colorectal cancer, 53.3%, 55.0%, and 50.0% in colorectal adenomas, and 0, 0, and 5.0% in healthy controls, respectively. The methylation of each of the three genes in colorectal cancer tissues was higher than colorectal adenomas and healthy controls(P<0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity by combining three methylation markers was 93.3% in colorectal cancer, 76.7% in colorectal adenomas, which was higher than the sensitivity using single gene testing(P<0.05). No significant associations existed between the methylation status of the three genes and clinical characteristics including sex, age, tumor location, lymph node metastases, distant metastasis, and TNM stage(P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDNA methylation levels of vimentin, sFRP1 and HPP1 are significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissue. Combined detection significantly improves the positive rate of methylation, and may be used as early diagnosis method for colorectal cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Vimentin ; genetics

Objective To explore the epidemics of influenza viruses in Guangzhou area from 1998 to 2003. Methods The specimens for viral isolation were taken with swabs from children's throats and the material was inoculated into the MDCK cells and were incubated at 33 ℃ The supernatant of MDCK cells culture was tested with hemagglutination test. Results Influenza viruses were isolated from 264 of 3444 children; total positive rate of influenza virus isolation was 7.6%. The positive rate of influenza viruses was 16.8% in 1998; the prevailing strain of influenza viruses was H3N2. The influenza viruses isolation rate was 7.4% in 1999;the positive rate was 8.4% ; HIN1 occurred in 2000, the positive rate was 3.8%. H3N2 did not occur in 2001; the positive rate was 7.3% ; influenza B viruses was the prevailing strain in 2002; the positive rate was 1.7% in 2003. Influenza B viruses was Yamagata like strain from 1998 to 2001, Victoria like strain from 2002 to 2003. H9N2 avian influenza virus was isolated from a child. Conclusions Influenza was prevalent in Guangzhou in 1998, but not prevalent from 1999 to 2003. Most of influenza B viruses were Yamagata strain. There were cases avian influenza caused by H9N2 in 1999.

OBJECTIVE: To construct a bi-cistronic co-expression plasmid for mouse interleukin-12 and to observe its expression in vitro or in vivo.METHODS: The full-length cDNA encoding p35 and p40 was cloned into eukaryotic cells expression vector pcDNA 3.1 respectively. Subsequently,the p35 expression unit was inserted into pcDNA 3.1/p40 to produce the bi-cistronic co-expression plasmid in which the p35 and p40 genes were controlled by their own CMV.The plasmid was expressed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: The mIL-12 in the supernatant was detected by ELISA after the pCmIL-12 was transfected into COS-7 cells. The activity of NK cells could be augmented by the supernatant in vitro and also by by intradermal delivery of pCmIL-12 in vivo. CONCLUSION: The plasmid constructed by us can express biologically active mIL-12 in vitro and in vivo.

Anemia ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Child ; Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVETo explore whether there are gene mutations of Tolloid-like 1 (TLL-1) gene in Chinese patients with sporadic congenital heart disease (CHD).

METHODSOne hundred and fifteen patients with sporadic CHD were selected as CHD group. One hundred and two age and gender-matched healthy people were recruited as control group. After amplifying the exon 10 of the TLL-1 gene by polymerase chain reaction, the polymerase chain reaction products were purified, sequenced and analyzed in order to investigate the TLL-1 gene mutation.

RESULTSAn insertion mutation of base A in the exon 10 of TLL-1 gene was identified in 7 out of 115 CHD patients, including 3 patients with atrial septal defect, 2 patients with ventricular septal defect, 1 patients with patent ductus arteriosus and 1 patients with complex CHD, the total mutation rate was 6.1% in CHD group and 0 in control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSTLL-1 gene mutation with an insertion mutation of base A in exon 10 is often in Chinese patients with various CHD. The underlying pathogenesis between TLL-1 gene mutation and occurrence of congenital heart disease in Chinese people remains unclear and warrants further investigations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Exons ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Pedigree ; Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases ; genetics ; Young Adult

The rheumatoid activity on any part of the spine may affect the surrounding nerves, causing a series of symptoms at the related region of the innervations. By pressing corresponding parts on spinous processes of patient spine, tenderness of various degrees occurs. We named this kind of symptoms as "the spinous process tenderness syndrome". Meanwhile, we borrowed laboratory and imaging examinations to diagnose and differential identify. The symptoms could be alleviated by eliminating pathogenic reasons, local resting, and anti-rheumatic drugs.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; diagnosis ; Rheumatic Diseases ; diagnosis ; Spinal Diseases ; diagnosis ; Terminology as Topic

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to prepare Pingyangmycin Albumin Microspheres (PYM-AMS) for arteriovenous malformations treatment.

METHODSPYM-AMS was prepared at 140 degrees C by the method of emulsification-heat solidification and its characteristics were evaluated, such as morphosis, particle size, drug loading (DL%), encapsulation efficiency (EE%), stability and drug sustained-releasing in vitro. After being packaged, PYM-AMS were sterilized with 13.7 kGy of 60Co. Small samples of PYM-AMS were packaged in small bottles and stored at 3 - 5 degrees C, 15 - 25 degrees C, 37 degrees C for 3 months, then checked the change of morphology, DL, EE and the release rate.

RESULTSThe surface of particles was smooth and integrated. The average diameter of PYM-AMS particles was 139.422 microm and 80% was in the range of 56 - 251 microm. The mean DL% and EE% were 26.47% and 84.3%, respectively. PYM released fast in 5 h, but then released slowly. 88.65% drugs were released in 24 h, and t50 was 1.5 h. There was no obvious change of the morphology, DL,EE and the release rate of PYM-AMS stored at 3 - 5 degrees C 15 - 25 degrees C, 37 degrees C for 3 months.

CONCLUSIONPYM-AMS prepared in this study had sustained-release effect, high drug loading and high stability. Albumin is a good carrier of PYM embolization agent.

Albumins ; Bleomycin ; analogs & derivatives ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Microspheres ; Particle Size

OBJECTIVETo understand the characteristics of human calicivirus (HuCV) infection in infants with diarrhea in Guangzhou city and to study genotype of the virus.

METHODSThe authors collected fecal specimens from 22 children with acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis from November to December, 2001. HuCV was detected from the specimens by RT-PCR. The PCR products were cloned into the PMD18-T cloning vector and sequenced.

RESULTSHCV was detected from the specimens of 2 cases (9%, 2/22). The nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the virus strains belonged to genotype 2 of Norwalk-like viruses.

CONCLUSIONHuCV is one of the pathogens causing diarrhea in infants and young children in Guangzhou area. HuCV infection occurred sporadically in autumn and winter.

Base Sequence ; Caliciviridae ; genetics ; Caliciviridae Infections ; complications ; virology ; China ; DNA, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; Diarrhea, Infantile ; etiology ; Dysentery ; etiology ; Feces ; virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid