Objective Study on the traceability of serum enzyme ass ays by testing enzyme reference material in clinical laboratories. Methods 50 laboratories were involved in this survey. One enzyme reference material was send to each participate lab. The reference material was tested by use of routine method and the results were recorded. All lab data were processed with computer. Results Compare with the target values, the bias of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) assays were 6 3%, 5 5%, -5 9% and -5 0% respectively, the bias of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays was -36 6. The inter laboratory coefficient variation of the amylase assay was 29 2%. Conclusions The results of enzyme assay in clinical laboratories could be traced to the international reference material.

Air ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Methylene Chloride ; analysis ; Workplace

Objective Investigating for the standardization of serum enzyme determination by using enzyme calibrator in lab tests Methods 150 laboratories were involved in this program. One enzyme calibrator and three patient samples were send to each participate lab The calibrator was tested using routine method and record the results The patient samples were analyzed before and after calibration Record the results All lab data was processed with computer Results Compare with the target values, the bias of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), amylase (AMY) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) assays were 3 8%, -1 8%, 2 3% and -5 2% respectively, the bias of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) and creatine kinase (CK) assays were 13 7%, -13 9 and -19 2% respectively The precision of the enzyme assays were improved by using calibrators Conclusions The traceability of ALT, AST, AMY and LD assays were reasonable Calibrating by using enzyme calibrator can improve the assay precision among laboratories

Objective: To compare the differences in cardiac function and neurological function between asphyxia and ventricular fibrillation (VF) induced cardiac arrest rat model. Methods: Twenty healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into VF group (n=8), asphyxial group (n=8) and sham group (n=4). Cardiac arrest models were established in VF group and asphyxial group by VF and asphyxia respectively. All animals were observed for 24 h and advanced life support was offered for the first 1 h after resuscitation. During the 24 h, ejection fraction (EF) and cardiac output (CO) were measured with the help of cardiac ultrasonography at 1, 3, 5 and 6 h post resuscitation. Electrocardiographic changes, 24 h survival analysis and neurological deficit score (NDS) were also recorded and analyzed at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h post resuscitation. Results: Both EF and CO decreased dramatically after resuscitation compared with sham group at the same time point (P=0.000). At 1 h post resuscitation, the CO decreased from (98.84±4.86) mL/min to (59.17±22.99) mL/min in VF group and from (99.86±10.34) mL/min to (46.02±22.32) mL/min in asphyxial group, but there was no difference between the two groups (P=0.792). At 3, 5 and 6 h post resuscitation, the CO in VF group was higher than that in asphyxial group (P=0.041, P=0.007, P=0.020). At 1 h post resuscitation, the EF decreased from (82.67±6.21)% to (70.23±13.24)% in VF group and from (83.24±3.01)% to (65.46±13.11)% in asphyxial group, but no difference was observed between the two groups (P=0.877). Then a recovery tendency was observed in both groups, but more obvious in VF group at 3 and 5 h post resuscitation (P=0.031, P=0.024). No difference was found between the two groups in survival rate during 24 h and the NDS after resuscitation, although the neurological function was greatly impaired. Conclusion: VF and asphyxia are most commonly used methods to induce cardiac arrest, but these models may differ in cardiac function post resuscitation. Researchers need to choose appropriate models according to their study objectives.

Objective To obtain acquired immunity evidence in hamsters elicited by third stage hookworm larvae of Necator americanas(NaL3).morphology changes of NaL3 and inflammatory responses in the skin and undedying subcutaneous tissue and muscles of hamsters were observed.Methods Hamsters were immunized subcutaneously with one dose of 150 NaL3 at 2 weeks earlier,and then challenged pereutaneously with 900 NaL3.Skins were excised from post-challenge hamsters at 6,24,72 hours and 1,2 weeks,and then examined under light microscopy.Non-immunized hamsters served as negative controls.Results In non-immunized hamsters the number of NaL3 were 15,33,11.0 and 0 at 6,24,72 hours and 1,2 weeks post-infection.No damaged or dead NaL3 section was observed.All NaL3 exhibited no structural damage and infihrating inflammatory cells were absent from the sunDunding tissues.There were no cutaneous changes.In contrast.the total number of Nak sections in the skin of immunized hamsters were 25,53,15,5 and 4 at 6,24,72 hours and 1,2 weeks post-challenge.Among these NaL3 sections,damaged and dead section number were 0,24,6,0,0 and 0,0,7,5,4.At 24 hours post-challenge the Nak exhibited cutieular swelling and damage.By 72 hours post-challenge pyknosis of the somatic cells nuclei and sparseness or loss of definition in the internal structures of NaL3 were seen.One or two weeks after chanenge,the NaL3 showed severe damage or even dead with remnants.Inflammatory responses including macrophages,epithelioid cells and eosinophils infiltrating and granulomata forming were mainly seen around the NaL3 sections in the skin of immunized hamsters.Conclusions Hamsters initially immunized with NaL3 exhibited obvious acquired immunity protection against percutaneously challenged infection as evidenced by vigorous inflammatory responses in the skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue and muscle.

Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) has been the main treatment means for abdominal aortic aneurysm.It has become an expert consensus that in the case of abdominal aortic aneurysm that is complicated by iliac aneurysm,the preservation of internal iliac artery is necessary because it can prevent the occurrence of gluteal muscle ischemnia,sigmoid ischemia,male sexual dysfunction and other complications.In recent years,with the continuous updating of the endovascular devices it has become possible to retain the internal iliac artery in the performance of EVAR.At present,the reconstruction of internal iliac artery in EVAR includes a variety of techniques,including intraluminal iliac branched device (IBD) technique,sandwich technique,common iliac artery covered-stent bell-bottom (BBT) technique,external iliac artery-internal iliac artery intraluminal shunt technique (reverse chimney technique),and spring coil embolism technique.This article aims to make a summary of all the above mentioned techniques.

Objective To express and purify the human scFv antibody,SA3,against the hepatoma fused to enhanced green fluorecsent protein,and to observe the targeted capacity of fusion protein EGFP-SA3 in vivo.Methods SA3 and EGFP genes were cloned into plasmid pET-25b( + )to construct the recombinant plasmid EGFP-SA3/pET-25b ( + ),followed by DNA sequencing.Then it was transformed into E.coli BL21 ( DE3 ) and induced for fusion expression of EGFP-SA3with IPTG.The expressed fusion protein EGFP-SA3 was purified and detected with SDS-PAGE.HepG2 cells were incubated with the fusion protein EGFP-SA3 in vitro,and the binding bioactivity was observed under the fluorecsent microscope.Further more,we injected the EGFP-SA3 by caudal vein into nude mice planted by hepatoma and observed the whole body fluorescence image of EGFP.Results SA3 and EGFP genes were successfully cloned into pET-25b( + ),which was confirmed by restriction enzyme Nco I-Xho I or Nco I-Eco RI.A band migrated at the position 750 bp,same to EGFP gene,emerged when recombinant plasmid was digested by restriction enzyme Nco I-Eco RI.Similarly,a band,about 1 500 bp,emerged when digested by Nco I-Xho I.The open-reading frame was confirmed by DNA sequencing.Fusion protein EGFP-SA3 was expressed as inclusion body.After purification and refolding,the result of immunofluorecsence detection verified that EGFP-SA3could specifically bind to HepG2 cells and maximum tumor penetration was at 24 h after the injection.Conclusion The purified fusion protein EGFP-SA3 has strong binding capacity to HepG2cells,indicating the scFv SA3 has a potential value as a targeting molecule for diagnosis and targeted therapy for liver cancer.

To evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia and myopic astigmatism .SVS APEX excimer laser with a wave length of 193 nm(Sumit Technology Inc. Waltham, Mass, USA) was applied. 316 myopic eyes of 168 patients were treated with PRK between September, 1996 and October, 1997, and 260 eyes (84%) of 150 patients were followed for more than three months, including male 68(116 eyes, 40.1%) and female 82(144 eyes, 59.9%). The preoperative spherical equivalent refractive errors ranged from -1.25D to -10.00 (mean -4.67±1.63D), and astigmatism ranged from 0 to -2.00D (means -0.33±0.45D). We divided the patients into two groups according to the referaction: group A (from -1.25D to -5.90D) and group B(from -6.00 to -10.00D). The number of eyes in the two groups were 220 and 40 respectively. In group A, on the 10th day, 68.9% has the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) equal to or one line better or lower than the preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). In 1,3,6 and 12 months, 90%, 96%, 95% and 94% had the UCVA equal to or one line better or lower than the preoperative BCVA respectively. In group B, on the 10 th day, in 1,3,6 and 12 months, UCVA equal to or one line better or lower than the preoperative BCVA occurred in 35.9%, 83%, 87%, 86%, and 84% of the cases respectively. Most of the haze showed 0.5～1 grades except 3 eyes with the haze of 2 grade in 3 or 6 months and it changed to 1 and 0.5 grade respectively within one year. In 10 days and 1,3,6,12 months postoperatively, the corneal haze was noted in 32.9%, 84.8%, 62.8%,9.0% and 2.8% of the treated eyes respectively. We found that 193 nm excimer laser PRK was a predictable, safe, stable, and effective refractive surgery for correcting myopia up to -10.00D in Chinese patients, and the effect was better in myopia lower than -6.00D.

A pilot-scale research on purification of odorous gas emitted from wastewater treatment plant using a biofilter was conducted. The aim of this study is to check on the performance of biofilter running in various conditions and the effect of pH fluctuations on the performance of biofilter. The relation between distribution of microorganism and removal of odorous gases were also discussed here. The experimental results show that the predominant odor-causing gas can be efficiently eliminated by a biofilter inoculated with deodoring microorganism which were isolated previously. Moreover the biofilter had been proved having good tolerance to shocking loads of pollutant and can operate well in the condition of low pH.

Objective To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of domestic Firebird rapamycin-eluting stent in treatment of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods The 465 patients with CAD received percutaneous interventional therapy with domestic Firebird or imported Cypher rapamycin-eluting stent based on patients' will and they were followed up for more than 24 months. Results The 321 cases in Firebird group were followed up for (45.3 ±11.1)months, with 166 cases (51.7%) received reexamination by coronary angiography. The 144 patients in Cypher group were followed up for (46.1 ± 12. 1) months, with 82 patients (56.3%) received reexamination by coronary angiography. At the termination of follow-up, there were no significant differences in all-cause death (7.8% vs. 7.6 %, x2 = 1.32, P = 0. 250), cardiac death (5.9% vs.5.6%, x2 =0. 02, P=0. 877), acute myocardial infarction (2.8% vs. 3.4%, x2 =0. 15, P=0. 697),cardiovascular-cause rehospitalization (29.6% vs. 31.9 %, x2 =0.26, P=0. 610), acute and subacute thrombosis events (0.9% vs. 1.3%, x2 =0.19, P=0.661), late thrombotic events (1.2% vs.1.3%, x2 =0. 02, P=0. 900) and target lesion revascularization (3.4% vs. 4.2%, x2 =0. 15, P=0. 694) between two groups. Conclusions Domestic Firebird rapamycin-eluting stent has the same or similar long-term safety and efficacy with imported Cypher rapamycin-eluting stent.