The association between psychogenic illness and human endogenous viruses (HEVs), including human endogenous retrovirus and Borna disease virus, remains unclear. As the component of human genome, HEVs may become the joint of various pathogenic factors of schizophrenia (SZ), such as heredity, environment, and immunity. In this review, we strive to uncover the clinical and laboratory evidence for the roles and possible pathogenic mechanism of HEVs in the development of SZ.
Animals ; Environment ; Humans ; Schizophrenia ; etiology ; genetics ; immunology ; virology ; Viruses ; genetics

Aged ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Presbycusis ; genetics

Objective: To investigate the effect of PKG II (cGMP-dependent protein kinase II) on cell proliferation-related MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) downstream targets RSK1 (ribosomal S6 kinase 1) and proto-oncogenes c -Jun and c -Fos in gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Methods: Gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were infected with Ad-LacZ and Ad- PKG II adenovirus, and then the PKG II was overexpressed in SGC-7901 cells. These cells were treated with PKG II specific activator - 8-pCPT-cGMP [8-(p-chlorophenylthio)-cyclic GMP], and then they were stimulated with EGF (epidermal growth factor). The proliferation of SGC-7901 cells was examined by MTT method, and the mRNAs expression levels of c-Jun and c-Fos and the protein expression levels of p-RSK1, c-Jun and c-Fos were examined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The nuclear accumulation of p-RSK1 was observed under an immunofluorescence microscope. Results: EGF-induced increase of cell proliferation and the elevation of expressions of c-Jun and c-Fos mRNAs and proteins as well as p-RSK1 (Ser380-) protein in SGC-7901 cells which were infected with PKG II were significantly inhibited after treatment with 8-pCPT-cGMP. The phosphorylation of RSK1 (Ser380) was decreased, and the accumulation of p-RSK1 (Ser380) in nuclei of SGC-7901 cells was increased after stimulation with EGF, while it was decreased after treatment with 8-pCPT-cGMP. Conclusion: Activated PKG II can inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, phosphorylation of RSK1 (Ser380), nuclear accumulation of p-RSK1(Ser380) and the expressions of c -Jun and c -Fos genes which were induced by EGF. Copyright © 2012 by TUMOR.

The determination and characterization of solid drug form polymorphisms plays an important role in drug quality control, selection of the production process and clinical efficacy evaluation. Vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful method for the characterization of drug polymorphisms. In this paper we review recent research and application advances in the polymorphic characterization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and drug cocrystals/salts by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy to elucidate the characteristics of APIs and drug complexes. This may provide theoretical support for structural analysis during the development process for drugs.

Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharynx ; pathology ; Pyriform Sinus ; Thyroglossal Cyst ; surgery

Brain Diseases ; etiology ; therapy ; Heat Stroke ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; complications ; therapy

This article is based on the searching from the United States Library of Congress Web Search science 2005 for the literature on the birth femoral fractures,reviewing its incidence,pathogenesis and treatment of such fractures of the latest developments,for the purpose of the provision of orthopedic and obstetric physician reference.Literature showed that neonatal birth femoral fractures might occur whether deli-veries were through the birth canal or by cesarean section.Whenever faced with fetal asphyxia,intracranial hemorrhage,such as critical state,it is critical to save the life of fetal babies,regardless of treatment.The prognosis of neonatal femoral shaft fractures is normally good without deformity left.

Objective To establish the model of traumatic brain injury in rats with controlled cortical impact (CCI), and investigate the features of coma and cognition. Methods 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (n=10), sham group (n= 10) and CCI group (n=20). CCI group was impacted at bilateral frontal lobe with the velocity of 3.5 m/s, depth of 7 mm and dwell time of 250 ms. The time of consciousness loss was recorded, and all the rats were investigated with Morris Water Maze 10 and 20 days after operation. Results The time of consciousness loss was longer in the CCI group than in the control group and the sham group (P<0.001). The escape latency was longer in the CCI group than in the control group and the sham group (P<0.001), while the percent of time spend in goal quarter during probe trial was less (P<0.001), both 10 days and 20 days after operation. Conclusion CCI at bilateral frontal lobe of rats can establish the model of severe traumatic brain injury with coma and long-term cognitive dysfunction.

ObjectiveTo expose the effects of toes movement treating on the improvement of motor function of the patient s' affected lower limb.Methods36 patients with hemiplegia were divided into twe groups,22 patients for treating group in which toes treatment was applied, and 14 patients for comparative group in which no toes treatment was applied.After two months treatment, the effect was judged using Japanese Motor Function Test.Results22 patients in the treating group had gotten level 8 or higher (100%), while 7 patients in the comparative group had gotten that(50%).ConclusionToes movement treating is important in the recovery of functional movement of the hemiplegia patients.

Objective To explore the effects of advanced glyeosylation end products (AGEs) on the binding of hepatic nuclear factors to the human insulin receptor (hlR) gene promoter. Methods The oligonueleotides with hlR gene promoter activity, 42 bp (spanning -1 441 to -1 400, US1) or 146 bp (spanning -638 to -493), were artificially synthesized, with point mutations at 5 key G residues in 42 bp US1 m5 oligonucleotides. US1 and rat hepatic nuclear extracts (HNE) were incubated with glucose 6-phosphate, prior to non-competition and competition gel retardation electrophoresis. Results Competition gel retardation electrophoresis showed that the binding capacity of 32p-labeled US1 probe to HNE could be signifficantly decreased with increased US1. US1-AGEs and US1m5 decreased the binding of probe to HNE as well, but only partly affected the electrophoretie bands [1,5,10 ng US1-AGEs: (41.08±2.86)%, (27.64±2.92)%, (15.35±1.81%) vs (52.05±1.79)%]; 5,10 ng US1m5: (5.20± 1.03)%, (1.81±0.21)% vs (52.05±1.79)%]. AGEs formed on HNE could increase the binding of HNE to probe, along with nonspecifie binding increasing. Conclusion The impact of AGEs on hlR gene expression seems to be related to the effects on cis-elements and trans-acting factors.