Animals ; Decompression ; Decompression Sickness ; physiopathology ; Electrocardiography ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Electrophysiology ; Male ; Rabbits

E were all found in the above three aspects (P

Objective To investigate the correlation between specific features on contrast-enhanced CT and its clinical findings of adrenal tuberculosis so as to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the disease. Methods Contrast-enhanced CT features in 30 patients with documented adrenal tuberculosis were retrospectively evaluated blindly for the features of location,size,morphology,attenuation and enhancement patterns on CT images,and compared with clinical and pathological materials.Results The common CT manifestations were as follows:enlargement of the adrenal glands in all 30 cases(bilateral 90%,mfilateral 10%)including mass-like enlargement in 13 cases and enlargement but the contours preserved in 17 cases, heterogeneity(28 cases,93.3%),calcification(17 cases,56.7%),and low attenuation in the center with peripheral enhancement(16 cases,53.3%)of the lesions.After antituberculosis chemotherapy, 5 cases of enlarged adrenal glands decreased in size or returned to normal size and configuration,with disappearance of the central low attenuation and new appearance of dot-like calcification in 2 cases.Cochran Armitage trend test showed there was an increasing tendency of calcification rate with clinical duration(X~2= 7.47,P

The importance and feasibility was analyzed of the teaching BBS for aiding classroom teaching based on campus network. The design, technique, content, advantages and deficiencies were presented of agricultural microbiology teaching BBS. The prospect also was discussed of teaching BBS based on campus network in this paper.

Objective To study the expression and the relation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and matrix metal proteinase-2(MMP-2)in rectal cancer and evaluate their roles in rectal carcinogen- esis and development.Methods The expression of VEGF and MMP-2 in 52 cases of rectal cancer was de- tected by immunohistochemical SP technique.12 cases normal rectal tissue served as the control group.Re- suits The expression of VEGF in rectal carcinoma(67.3 %)was much higher than that in control group(P

Aged ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDMinimally invasive flexible ureteroscopy techniques have widely adopted in the management of patients with renal stones. We performed this study to investigate the value of virtual reality simulator training in retrograde flexible ureteroscopy renal stone treatment for catechumen.

METHODSThirty catechumen, included 17 attending physicians and 13 associate chief physicians, were selected for study. The trainees first underwent 1-hour basic training to get familiar with the instrument and basic procedures, then followed by 4-hour practice on virtual reality simulators. Before and after the 4-hour training, all trainees undertake an assessment with task 7 program (right low pole calyces stone management). We documented for each trainee the total time of procedure, time of progressing from the orifice to stone, stone translocation and fragmentation time, laser operate proficiency scale, total laser energy, maximal size of residual stone fragments, number of trauma from the scopes and tools, damage to the scope and global rating scale (GRS). The proficiency of this training program was analyzed by the comparison of the first and second assessment outcomes.

RESULTSSignificant improvement was observed in retrograde flexible ureteroscopy management of renal stone on virtual reality simulators after finishing the 4 hour special-purpose training. This was demonstrated by improvement in total procedure time ((18.37±2.59) minutes vs. (38.67±1.94) minutes), progressing time from the orifice to stone ((4.00±1.08) minutes vs. (13.80±2.01) minutes), time of stone translocation ((1.80±0.71) minutes vs. (6.57±1.01) minutes), fragmentation time ((4.43±1.25) minutes vs. (13.53±1.46) minutes), laser operate proficiency scale (8.47±0.73 vs. 3.77±0.77), total laser energy ((3231.6±401.4) W vs. (5329.8±448.9) W), maximal size of residual stone fragments ((2.66±0.39) mm vs. (5.77±0.63) mm), number of trauma from the scopes and tools (3.27±1.01 vs. 10.37±3.02), damage to the scope (0 vs. 0.97±0.76) and GRS (29.27±2.95 vs. 9.87±2.21). The differences between the first and the second assessment were all statistically significant (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe virtual reality simulator training program can help the trainees to rapidly improve their retrograde flexible ureteroscopy skill in renal stone treatment.

Adult ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; Male ; Ureteroscopy ; education ; Urology ; education

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effect of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) gene modified tissue engineering bone (GMB) combined with vascularized periosteum in the reconstruction of segmental bone defect.

METHODSAdenovirus carrying BMP-2 gene (Ad-BMP-2) was transfected into the isolated and cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs). The transfected MSCs were seeded on bovine cancellous bone scaffolds (BCB) to construct gene modified tissue engineering bone (GMB). The bilateral rabbits radial defects (2.5 cm long) were created as animal model. The rabbits were divided into five groups to reconstruct the defects with CMB combined with vascularized periosteum (group A); or GMB combined with vascular bundle implantation (group B); or GMB combined with free periosteum (group C); or GMB only (group D); or BCB scaffolds only (group E). Angiogenesis and osteogenesis were observed by X-ray, histological examination, biomechanical analysis and capillary ink infusion.

RESULTSIn group A, the grafted GMB was revascularized rapidly. The defect was completely reconstructed at 8 weeks. The mechanism included both intramemerbrane and endochondral ossification. In group B, the vascular bundle generated new blood vessels into the grafted GMB, but the osteogenesis process was slow in the central zone, which healed completely at 12 weeks. In group C, the free graft of periosteum took at 4 weeks with angiogenesis. The thin extremal callus was formed at 8 weeks and the repairing process almost finished at 12 weeks. Better osteogenesis was found in group D than in group E, due to the present of BMP2 gene-transfected MSCs. The defects in group D were partial repaired at 12 weeks with remaining central malunion zone. The defects in group E should nonunion at 12 weeks with only fibre tissue.

CONCLUSIONSBMP-2 gene modified tissue engineering bone combined with vascularized periosteum which provides periosteum osteoblasts as well as blood supply, has favorable ability of osteogenesis, osteoinduction and osteoconduction. It is an ideal method for the treatment of segmental bone defect.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; genetics ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Bone and Bones ; pathology ; Cattle ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Periosteum ; blood supply ; transplantation ; Rabbits ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference of early postoperative hip abductor strength and function between improved Gibson anterolateral approach (group A) and conventional Gibson posterolateral approach (group B) in patients who had underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA).

METHODSAmong 149 patients performing total hip arthroplasty,130 patients were followed up and were randomly divided into two groups (19 unqualified cases were excluded). Group A included 65 cases who underwent anterolateral approach, and the other group included 65 cases who underwent posterolateral approach. In the group A, male:female = 26:39,with an average age of (72.5 ± 8.3) years old, BMI of (24.7 ± 3.7) kg/m², and hip abductor strength of (1.08 ± 0.49) N · m/kg. In the group B, male:female = 30:35, with an average age of (71.6 ± 7.1) years old, BMI of (25.5 ± 3.9) kg/m², and hip abductor strength of (1.05 ± 0.51) N · m/kg. In the age-related control group, male:female = 33:32, with an average age of (73.1 ± 7.5) years old, BMI of (24.2 ± 3.8) kg/m², and hip abductor strength of (1.17 ± 0.53) N · m/kg. The age, BMI, hip abductor strength, anatomy of surgical approach, hip abduction angles and Harris score in all patients were evaluated at the day before surgery and at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. All preoperative clinical data (age, BMI and abductor strength of the uninjured side limb ) of these cases had no significant differences.

RESULTSAt 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, the hip abductor strength in group A were (0.53 ± 0.13), (0.66 ± 0.21), (0.85 ± 0.15), (0.95 ± 0.19), (1.03 ± 0.13) N · m/kg respectively, while in group B were (0.46 ± 0.14), (0.57 ± 0.18), (0.78 ± 0.12), (0.85 ± 0.18), (0.98 ± 0.14) N · m/ kg respectively.The differences between the two groups at the 6th months after operation were significant; the hip abduction angles in group A were (25.35 ± 4.31)°, (36.53 ± 5.13)°, (48.07 ± 1.62)°, (61.53 ± 1.77)°, (68.62 ± 3.16)°,while in group B were (23.47 ± 2.41)°, (33.42 ± 4.23)°, (46.64 ± 2.51)°, (60.96 ± 1.75)°, (67.47 ± 4.36)°. The differences between the two groups at the 3rd month after operation were significant. Harris score in the group A were 72.23 ± 2.57, 79.36 ± 3.91, 84.75 ± 3.17, 88.63 ± 2.16, 95.21 ± 1.37 repectively ; while in the group B were 71.58 ± 3.62, 78.96 ± 2.21, 83.97 ± 3.57, 87.92 ± 2.94, 94.83 ± 1.62 respectively. There were no significant differences between them.

CONCLUSIONOwing to less muscles interrupted, the THA with improved Gibson anterolateral approach offers a better improvement in earlier hip abductor strength and abduction angle compared with the conventional surgery.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Strength ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Postoperative Period

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of Smad4 and transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGFbeta(1)), transforming growth factor-beta receptor II (TGFbetaRII) in cholangiocarcinoma tissue and its relationship with the biological behaviour and prognosis of the disease.

METHODSThe expressions of Smad4, TGFbeta(1) and TGFbetaRII were detected by immunohistochemical technique in 47 specimens of cholangiocarcinoma and the normal bile duct tissue adjacent to the tumor. The expressions of Smad4, TGFbeta(1) and TGFbetaRII were compared with the clinical stages and pathological grades of the patients.

RESULTSThe expression of TGFbeta(1) was positive in 36 cholangiocarcinomas (76.6%), which was higher than that in the normal tissue adjacent to the lesion. The positive expressions of Smad4 and TGFbetaRII were 14 (29.8%) and 28 (59.6%) in the carcinoma tissues, respectively (P < 0.05). The expression of TGFbeta(1) was related to the clinical stage, metastasis of lymph node and liver of the tumor (P < 0.05), but not with the histological grade (P > 0.05). There was positive correlation between TGFbetaRII expression and the clinical stage (P < 0.05), but no correlation between the TGFbetaRII expression and histological grade or metastasis of lymph node and liver (P > 0.05). The expression of Smad4 was associated with the histological grade, clinical stage and metastasis of lymph node and liver (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe expressions of Smad4, TGFbeta(1) and TGFbetaRII correlate with the histological grading, clinical staging and metastasis of the lymph node and liver in cholangiocarcinoma. Combined detection of Smad4, TGFbeta(1) and TGFbetaRII may be helpful in the determination of the malignant degree and the prognosis of this disease.

Adult ; Aged ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; biosynthesis ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; metabolism ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; biosynthesis ; Smad4 Protein ; biosynthesis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; biosynthesis