OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of discs large homolog 4 (DLG4) protein in hippocampus, amygdala and frontal cortex of rats and evaluate postsynaptic density in heroin dependence. METHODS: The rat heroin dependent model was established by increasing intraperitoneal injection of heroin. DLG4 proteins in hippocampus, amygdala and frontal cortex of heroin dependent 9, 18, 36 days rats were detected with immunohistochemical staining and compared with that in the control group. RESULTS: DLG4 proteins in hippocampus, amygdala and frontal cortex were gradually reduced with extension of heroin dependent time. CONCLUSION Heroin dependence can affect postsynaptic density of hippocampus, amygdala and frontal cortex. The changes become more apparent with extension of heroin dependence time.
Amygdala/metabolism* ; Animals ; Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein ; Frontal Lobe/metabolism* ; Heroin/pharmacology* ; Heroin Dependence ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism* ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism* ; Rats

Objective To explore the advantages and disadvantages of magnetic resonance susceptibility effect applied clinically and countermeasures. Methods The application range of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) technique and the harm of susceptibility artifact were introduced with considerations on MRI clinical application and experiences, and then some countermeasures were put forward accordingly. Results SWI technique could be used for the diagnoses of multi diseases, and susceptibility artifact could be suppressed by sequence, parameter and corresponding techniques. Conclusion Susceptibility effect contributes to extending the clinical application of MRI, and references are provided for the development and reform of other new techniques.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of human swine streptococcosis occurred in some areas of Jiangsu Province from late summer to autumn since 1998.Methods The epidemiologic and clinical features of 42 cases were collected and analyzed.The bio- chemical features of strains isolated from patient's blood or cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) were tested,and the homogeneity were compared among 15 Streptococcus suisⅡ.Results All patients had acute infection toxe- mic symptoms such as chill,fever,headache and malaise etc.Toxic shock syndrome or meningitis syndrome were the major clinical manifestations.Forty two cases of human swine streptococosis were classified into 3 types:the rates of general,shock and meningitis type were 7.1% (3/42),38.1% (16/42) and 54.7%(23/42),respectively.Ten patients were died of shock type,32 were cured.Strain isolated from patients was identified as Streptococcus suisⅡby API-Strep,the biochemical reactional code was 0641473,and appraised result was 99.9%.There was highly homogeneity in the strains of Streptococcus suisⅡisolated from patients and sick pigs identified by genomic fingerprinting.Com- bined therapy of large doses of penicillin G and ceftriaxone was effective in these patients.Conclusions Human swine streptococosis is zoonosis caused by Streptococcus suisⅡand the clinical manifesta- tions are variable.In the cases of shock type,the onset of disease is stormy and the fatality rate is very high.While the prognosis of general and meningitis type is good and the majority of the cases are cured by effective antibiotic therapy.

The importance and feasibility was analyzed of the teaching BBS for aiding classroom teaching based on campus network. The design, technique, content, advantages and deficiencies were presented of agricultural microbiology teaching BBS. The prospect also was discussed of teaching BBS based on campus network in this paper.

Due to the complicated pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmia, the safe and effective therapeutic strategies for cardiac arrhythmia remain an urgent medical problems in the recent years. In this paper, we introduced the research practice of anti-arrhythmic agents targeting on potassium ion channel. The research progress of anti-arrhythmic agents in up-to-date literatures were also reviewed and prospected.
Amiodarone ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hydantoins ; Imidazolidines ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Molecular Structure ; Piperazines ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Potassium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Potassium Channels ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the route and scope of the facial nerve in the temporal region for clinical applications.

METHODSTemporal region dissection was performed on 12 cadavers (24 sides) under light microscope.

RESULTSThere are two branches of the facial nerve in the temporal region from the superior margin of the parotid: the temporal branch and the zygomatic branch. Each of them has two to five branches, which run in the deep layer of the superficial temporal fascia. The temporal branch crosses the zygomatic arch to the temporal region, innervating the frontal muscle, the orbicularis oculi muscle, the corrugator supercilii muscle, and the muscle surrounding the ear, etc. The zygomatic branch goes to the lateral canthus, innervating the orbicularis oculi muscle, the upper and lower eyelid and zygomatic muscles. There are communicating branches among the temporal branches, the zygomatic branches and the supraorbital and lacrimal nerves of the ophthalmic nerve.

CONCLUSIONThe temporal branches and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve run between the deep zone of the superficial temporal fascia and the superficial layer of the profound temporal fascia, where dissection should be avoided during rhytidectomy in order not to damage the facial nerve branches.

Cadaver ; Dissection ; Eyelids ; innervation ; Facial Muscles ; innervation ; Facial Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; Fascia ; innervation ; Humans ; Parotid Gland ; anatomy & histology ; Rhytidoplasty ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; innervation ; Temporal Bone ; Zygoma

OBJECTIVETo explore the value of flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) in the diagnosis and differentiated diagnosis of lymphoma and explain the immunophenotypic features and differences of malignant lymphoma.

METHODSSeventy four fresh samples of suspicious lymphoma were collected from Nov. 2004 to Aug. 2006. Each sample was individually evaluated by FCI. The results were analyzed and compared with the histopathological diagnosis.

RESULTSAmong the 74 cases, the FCI data consisted with the final morphological diagnosis in 61 cases (82.4%). For the diagnosis of B and T non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), thymoma, carcinoma and benign lesions of lymph node, the concordance between FCI data and morphological diagnosis were 93.5%, 100%, 100%, 100% and 81.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONMulti-parameter FCI analysis can provide important information and help for diagnosis of lymphoma. It is an assistant but necessary approach for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lymphoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; methods ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo discuss the value of one stage flap or musculocutaneous flap to repair the soft tissue defect in Pilon fracture.

METHODSTwelve cases with Pilon fracture included 9 male and 3 female with an average age of 39.2 years ranging from 21 to 61 years. All fractures were type III according to Rüedi and Allgöwer. According to Gustilo sysytem, III a were in 4 cases, III b were in 8. A thorough debridement was made before internal fixation. After the internal fixation implanted, the tourniquet was released and a thorough debridement was made again. Be sure of the wound cleansed of all dead and foreign material, the wound was covered with local flap, musculocutaneous or gastrocnemius flaps depending on the size and localization of wound.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up from 6 to 36 months, 18 months in average. The function of ankle was assessed according Mazur system. The results were excellent in 6 cases, good in 3, fair in 2 and poor in 1. No infection or necrosis happened on flaps. Although necrosis happened in the wound margin of two patients, they all healled up by conservative methods.

CONCLUSIONPrimary closure of soft tissue defect in Pilon fracture using flap or musculocutaneous flap have ability to shorten the treating time and recover the function of ankle. It is important to have a thorough debridement of the dead tissue and free bone.

Adult ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Transplantation ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of BMP-2 gene therapy on vascularization in repairing bone defects.

METHODSThe isolated rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSC), after being transfected by adenovirus carrying BMP-2 gene (Ad-BMP-2) and seeded on xenogeneic bone scaffolds, were used to repair 1.5 cm-long radius bone defects. Five methods were in use in the experiments: Ad-BMP-2 infected rBMSC plus antigen-free bovine cancellous bone (BCB, Group A), rBMSC-BCB plus reconstructed hBMP-2 (Group B1), Ad-LacZ infected rBMSC-BCB (Group C), rBMSC-BCB (Group D) and only BCB scaffolds (Group E). After 4, 8, and 12 weeks of the operations, capillary vessel ink infusion, vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) immunohistochemical staining and histological examination were conducted.

RESULTSAfter 4 weeks of the operations, usually in Group A one newly formed artery was found in every pore between the trabeculae of the BCB. The density of these intraosseous vessels was high in the periphery and decreasing towards the center of the grafts; by transmission electron microscopy, osteoblasts were always next to vascular endothelial cells and gradually developed into osteocytes with the increase of capillary vessel; VEGF expression were apparently enhanced in mesenchymocytes.

CONCLUSIONSBMP-2 gene therapy, by up-regulating VEGF expression, indirectly induces vascularization of grafts and is of great value to the treatment of bone in union and bone defects.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; Cattle ; Forelimb ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; Genetic Therapy ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Rabbits ; Radiography ; Tissue Engineering ; Transfection ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the association of Parkinson's disease (PD) with cigarette smoking.

METHODSOne hundred of fourteen PD patients were compared with 205 control subjects who were matched by gender, race and residency. A previously validated questionnaire including smoking, alcohol/tea consumption as well as some other environmental exposure data was administered.

RESULTSWith never-smokers as the reference category, we observed reduced risk for PD among ever smokers (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.79) current smokers (OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.86) and ex-smokers (OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.96). When ever smokers were stratified by years of smoking, there was an inverse correlation between those whose smoking history was longer than 20 years (OR=0.40 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.81) and an even mild protective correlation between those who smoked less than 20 years (OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.99). Those who had quitted smoking for more than 20 years were less likely to have the disease than never smokers, and those who had quitted for less than 20 years were least likely to have PD, while those who were current smokers were still least likely to have the disease. We found significant inverse gradient with pack-day smoking (trend P<0.05), and the inverse correlation between cigarette smoking and PD was not confounded by alcohol/tea consumption and other confounding bias.

CONCLUSIONSThe inverse correlation between Parkinson's disease risk and smoking as well as the trend of gradient dose response is again observed in our study. More future researches are needed to confirm these correlations and to explore further biochemical evidence.

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Parkinson Disease ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects