Objective To report our method to determine lateral needle insertion point (intersection point skin marker) in closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation for pediatric supracondylar fracture of humerus.Methods From May 2012 to June 2014,125 children with supracondylar fracture of humerus were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation.Of them,60 did not use the intersection point method to determine the lateral needle insertion point (group A),including 46 boys and 14 girls,with an average age of 6.3 ±0.6 years.According to Gartland classification,28 cases were type Ⅱ and 32 cases type Ⅲ.In the other 65 children,the intersection point method was used to determine the lateral needle insertion point (group B),including 50 boys and 15 girls,with an average age of 6.4 ± O.9 years.According to Gartland classification,29 cases were type Ⅱ and 36 cases type Ⅲ.The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time,fluoroscopy times,hospital stay and hospitalization cost.The efficacy was evaluated at the final follow-ups using Flynn criteria.The 2 groups were compatible without significant differences in preoperative general data (P ＞ 0.05).Results All the 125 children obtained successful closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation,and an average follow-up of 13 months (from 12 to 15 months)as well.There were significant differences between groups A and B in average operation time (23.1 ± 15.3 min versus 17.5 ± 10.3 min) and fluoroscopy times (9.2 ± 1.0 times versus 5.3 ± 1.3 times) (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups either in Flynn excellent to good rate [(98.3％ (59/60) versus 98.5％ (64/65)] (P ＞ O.05).Needle irritation occurred in 2 cases and Kirschner wire shift in one in group A while tensile blistering occurred in one in group B.Conclusion In closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation for pediatric supracondylar fracture of humerus,the intersection point skin marker is a simple and reliable method to determine the lateral needle insertion point,leading to considerable reduction in radiographic exposure for both patients and doctors.

To study the molecular genetic basis of ABO alleles in para-Bombay type individuals, samples from five para-Bombay type individuals identified by serologic tests including absorption-elution tests, saliva neutralizing or inhibitor substances tests, were genotyped by using PCR-SSP based ABO genotyping. Exon 6 and exon 7 at the ABO locus for all 5 samples were sequenced. The results showed that the ABO genotypes of five para-Bombay samples were A102B1, A102B1, A102O1, A102B1, B1O1 respectively, the direct DNA sequencing results were in accordance with the results genotyped by PCR-SSP method, No novel nucleotide mutation was found at the exon 6 and exon 7 of ABO gene. In conclusion, the ABO genotyping assay by PCR-SSP provide a simple, rapid and accurate method for determining the ABO type of para-Bombay cases.
ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Alleles ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective To investigate the effect of early inflamation on the efficacy of gene(LacZ gene)(transfer) to vein graft by adenovirus vector.Methods The liquid containing adenovirus vector was infused through external carotid vein and the segment of carotid vein was resected.The veins were inflated naturally.After 30min incubation,the veins were transplanted into carotid artery in experimental group,and the(circulation) was restored in control group.The veins with transferred gene were collected on day 3,day 14 and day 21.The mark gene expression in the veins was studied with X-Gal stain and activities of ?-galactase were measured.ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions were observed by immunohistochemistry stain in transgenic veins.Results The activities of ?-galactase in mark gene expressed for 14 days was decreased and in 21 day nearly disappearred.VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression upregulated after day 3 in transplanted veins and there was leucocyte infiltration and shedding of endothelial cells with endothelial disruption.On the other hand,there was no expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in control group veins and integrity of endothelium was intact.The positive ECs expressed mark gene was obviously reduced in transplanted veins compared to control group.But the number of positive SMCs were not significently different between to two groups.(Conclusions) The inflammation of vein grafts in early stage of transplantation may be the cause of(endotheliocyte) damage and is related to rapid depression of gene expression.

Objective To sum up our experience in the diagnosis and management of acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis (SMVT). Methods We retrospectively reviewed 41 patients treated for acute SMVT admitted in our hospital from Jan 1978 to Aug 2003. Before 1995 (group Ⅰ), a surgery was preformed in patients with suspected acute SMVT. Since Jan 1995 (Group Ⅱ), aggressive medical therapy was immediately delivered, and the patients were subjected to laparatomy with suspected peritonity. Results There were 13 cases in group Ⅰ, and 28 in group Ⅱ. Mortality in group Ⅰ was 38.5%, and that in group Ⅱ was 10.7% (P

Objective To explore the relationship between X - linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDL) gene escaping X chromosome inactivation( XCI) and SEDL phenotype. Methods RT - PCR was performed on total RNA which was isolated from blood samples of patients, female carriers and controls. Patients and female carriers were selected from the pedigree with SEDL caused by the mutation (IVS2 - 2A→C) of the gene. cDNA was analyzed by polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis(PAGE). Results PAGE data indicateed that female carriers expressed both normal and mutant SEDL mRNA,meaning the SEDL gene escaping XCI. Family investigation showed carrier females in the SEDL pedigree presented no symptoms. Conclusions The SEDL gene escaping X chromosome in-activation is firstly identified from human body. This may explain that carrier females present no symptoms.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of aminophylline on myocardium in the patients undergoing prothetic valve replacement operation of heart.Mothods Thirty patients undergoing prothetic valve replacement operation of heart were randomized to be treated either with aminophylline(n=15)or without aminophylline treatment(n=15). Aminophylline(5mg/kg)was injected intravenously at 15 minutes after induction of anesthesia.Cardiac troponin I(cTnI), cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),myeloperoxidase(MPO),ratio of aortic blood neutrophil count to coronary vein sinus blood neutrophil count,hemodynamics,time of aortic cress-clamping and other clinical data were recorded during the operation.Results There were no differences between the two groups in the major perioperative variables.Plasm cTnI concentration in both groups increased after off-clamping than that before CPB,however,it was lower in aminophylline group than that in control group.Concentration of cAMP in both groups after off-clamping was lower than that before CPB, however cAMP concentration in aminophylline group after off-clamping was higher than that in control group.Myocardial MPO activity and neutrophil count ratio after aortic off-clamping in aminophylline group was significantly lower than that in control group.Conclusion These results suggest that aminophylline is helpful to unprotection of myocardial and decreases the sequestration of neutrophil in myocardium.The mechanism of the protection may be related to the cAMP increased in myocardium.

A structure kinetic model was established for describing the relationship among cell growth, genistein formation and substrate utilization in suspension culture of Maackia amurensis. In this model, sucrose uptake, structure components production, intermediate matter changes, cell respiration loss and secondary metabolite (genistein) production were all predicted. The parameter sensitivity test was indicated that intermediate matter self-catalysis rate constant (k(b1)), structure component synthesis rate constant (k(b2)) and secondary metabolite synthesis rate constant (k(p)) were the most sensitive parameters for this model. If k(b1), k(b2) or k(p) are changed by 10%, the range of the aim function value would be changed by 12.8%, 4.61% and 2.54%, respectively. Adjustment of the other parameters only aroused a change of less than 0.5% in the aim function value. The predicted values were in good agreement with those obtained experimentally.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Kinetics ; Maackia ; cytology ; Models, Biological

Objective To find out the potential risk factor of plague in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of plague. Methods Rodents were captured by rat traps/cages at night and identified into species in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area from 2001 to 2009. Flea was counted and serum antibodies against plague F1 of rats, cats and dogs were detected by indirect hemagglutination (IHA). Plague surveillances were performed in human beings and rats. Results The rodents captured belonged to 9 species, 2 families, 2 orders and 1 classes. The average indoor rodent density was 1.16% (961/82 558), and was 1.12% (1345/119 671) outdoors. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species,accounting for 50.37%. The proportion of R. Flavipectus was 3.80% in 2004, 4.50% in 2008 and 10.12% in 2009,showing an increasing trend year by year. There were three kinds of mice infected fleas in Wanzhou, which including Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis and Ctenocephalides felis. The average rate of flea infected mice was 1.18%(82/6959) and the total flea index was 0.036. No F1 antibody against plague was detected in 6959 dogs and 160 cats serum samples. Conclusions No plague is found in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. But R.Flavipectus, Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis are dominant species in Wanzhou section, and the proportion of which shows an increasing trends year by year. There is a potential risk of plague outbreaks in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

AIMTo determine the role of area postrema (AP) of rabbit in the regulation of cardiovascular function.

METHODSThe rabbits were anesthetized with intravenous injection of 10% urethane and 1% chloralose, and were artificially ventilated. The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were observed when AP was electrically stimulated with different frequency (10 Hz -80 Hz) and after chemical lesion of CVLM or RVLM, respectively.

RESULTSElectrical stimulation of AP with low frequency (10 Hz, 20 Hz) decreased MAP and HR. Stimulation with high frequency(60 Hz, 80 Hz) increased MAP but decreased HR. The changes in MAP and HR were significantly lower (P < 0.01) after CVLM was destroyed when electrical stimulation of AP with 20 Hz, and both changes of MAP and HR were disappeared (P < 0.01) after RVLM was destroyed when electrical stimulation with 20 and 80 Hz.

CONCLUSIONElectrical stimulation of AP with low frequency decreases MAP and HR, stimulation with high frequency induces an increase in MAP and decreases in HR. The former is probably related to excitation of CVLM, the cardiovascular effects induced by different frequency of electrical stimulation are all resulted from the activation of RVLM.

Animals ; Area Postrema ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Blood Pressure ; radiation effects ; Electric Stimulation ; Heart Rate ; radiation effects ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Rabbits

AIMTo investigate the cardiovascular response caused by intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and explore the underlying mechanism.

METHODSMale Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal urethane( 1.2 g/ kg). The changes of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were observed during ICV microinjection of IL-2 with or without pretreatment of naloxone or atropine or phentolamine.

RESULTSThere were no significant effects on cardiovascular response after ICV injection of IL-2 at 500 IU/3 microl and 1 000 IU/3 microl, but IL-2 at 1 500 IU/3 microl could elevate MAP and HR. The responses of MAP and HR reached their maximum levels at 10 min (MAP: 10 +/- 1.8 mmHg, HR: 25 +/- 2 b/min, P < 0.05) after the injection and lasted 15 or 10 minutes respectively. Pretreatment with naloxone (10 microg/10 microl) or atropine (1.5 microg/10 microl) could block the cardiovascular response of ICV injection of IL-2. Pretreatment with phentolamine (10 microg/10 microl) failed to block the cardiovascular responses by IL-2.

CONCLUSIONICV microinjection of interleukin-2 (IL-2) can elevate the MAP and HR, which may be mediated by central opioid and cholinergic system. The alpha-adrenergic system may be not involved in the cardiovascular response of IL-2.

Animals ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Interleukin-2 ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Microinjections ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley