Zymonomas mobilis was transformed with a polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis operon phbCAB equipped with a pdc promoter from Z. mobilis. For the first time,PHB was produced in recombinant Z.mobilis. Shake flask studies indicated that accumulation of PHB in Zymomonas mobilis increased approximately 10% ethanol productivity for the first 48h of anaerobic fermentation. After that,the PHB effect was observed as insignificant probably due to the exhaustion of the sugar.

ObjectiveTo probe the effect of the electroacupuncture on vascular dementia(VD) and content of arginine vasopressin(AVP) in brain of rats. Methods30 Sprague Dawley rats were made renal hypertension(RHR) by the kidney arteries pinched with silver clip.After 42 days, their bilateral common carotid arteries were blocked repeatedly to cause cerebral ischemia.The Hypertension Vascular Dementia model was made. Then they were divided into model group,electroacupuncture group and medicine group(Dihydroergotoxine,DHET) with 10 in each group. The course was 28 days. The ability of learning and memorizing was observed by water maze, and the content of AVP in brain was detected after treatment. ResultsThe latent period of the electroacupuncture group and medicine group was shorter than that of the model group(P<0.05-0.005), and that of the electroacupuncture group was shorter than medicine group(P<0.05-0.005). In frontal lobe, the contents of AVP in the electroacupuncture and medicine groups were higher than that of model group( P<0.01,P<0.05), and the electroacupuncture group was higher than medicine group in striatum (P<0.05). Conclusions It indicated that electroacupuncture therapy can promote the ability of learning and memorizing and enhance the content of AVP in the brain of VD rats. It's therapeutic effect is better than that of DHET.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relations of body mass index(BMI)and obese prevalence in differently aged women and explore the effective strategy for preventing obesity among adult Chinese women.

METHODThis study was based on the data from 2002 National Nutrition and Health Survey. The method of multi-steps cluster sampling was adopted. Total subjects including unmarried women (n = 2474), married women without the experience of childbearing (n = 10,816), and married and bearing-child women (n = 4103), were 17,393.

RESULTSIn urban areas, the average body weights of unmarried, married and without childbearing experience, and the married with born-child were (53.7 +/- 9.0) kg, (57.6 +/- 9.4) kg and (54.5 +/- 8.5) kg respectively; the body weights of unmarried, married and without childbearing experience were significantly higher than that of the married with born-child women (t = 12.25, P < 0.001; t = 8.32, P < 0.001); the BMIs of unmarried, married without childbearing experience, and the married with born-child women were (21.1 +/- 3.3) kg/m(2), (22.8 +/- 3.4) kg/m(2) and (22.0 +/- 2.9) kg/m(2) respectively; the BMIs of married without childbearing experience and married with born-child women were significantly higher than that of unmarried women (t = 14.88, P < 0.001; t = 5.76, P < 0.001). In the rural areas, the body weights of unmarried, married without childbearing experience, and the married with born-child women were (52.3 +/- 7.8) kg, (55.3 +/- 8.6) kg and (52.8 +/- 8.1) kg respectively; the body weights of unmarried, the married with born-child women were significantly higher than that of married without childbearing experience (t = 11.67, P < 0.001; t = 14.15, P < 0.001); the BMIs of unmarried, married without childbearing experience, and the married with born-child women were (21.2 +/- 2.8) kg/m(2), (22.5 +/- 3.1) kg/m(2), and (21.8 +/- 3.0) kg/m(2) respectively; the BMIs of married and the married with born-child were significantly higher than that of unmarried women (t = 13.80, P < 0.001; t = 5.34, P < 0.001). In urban areas, the rate of low body weight of unmarried women (18.1%) was higher than that of married without childbearing experience and married with born-child group (7.3% vs. 9.1%; comparing with married without childbearing experience: chi(2) = 113.69, P < 0.001; comparing with married with born-child: chi(2) = 29.65, P < 0.001); the prevalence of overweight and obesity (32.7%) in married without childbearing was significantly higher than that of unmarried women (14.4%) (chi(2) = 28.257, P < 0.001). In rural areas, the rate of low body weight of unmarried women (12.4%) was higher than that of married without childbearing group (6.7%, chi(2) = 50.040, P < 0.001); however, the prevalence of overweight (22.4%) in the married without childbearing was significantly higher than that of unmarried women (12.3%) (chi(2) = 69.119, P < 0.001) and the married with born-child women (15.4%) (chi(2) = 69.866, P < 0.001). The prevalence of overweight and obesity of the married with born-child women was decreasing with extending time of postpartum in urban and rural areas.

CONCLUSIONWeight retention of married with born-child women was one of the most important factors leading to the obesity in the adulthood. However, more attentions should be paid to the changing trend of body weight in the married without childbearing experience.

Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Reproductive History

OBJECTIVETo measure the stability of Evans procedure and Chrisman-Snook technique in the treatment of II degree lateral collateral ligament of ankle joint, and provide basis for treatment and prognosis.

METHODSFrom July 2008 to June 2009,18 frozen corpes were collected, including 10 males and 8 females, with an average age of fresh 39.3 +/- 11.2 years. The frozen corpes were randomly divided into three group, including normal controls(group A), Evans procedure (group B) and Chrisman-Snook technique ( group C), 6 specimens in each group. Anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament were cut off to cause II degree lateral collateral ligament in group B and C. Evans procedure or Chrisman-Snook technique were applied to restore lateral collateral ligament, and measure biomechnics. The displacement of tibiotalar joint and subtalar joint were observed.

RESULTS(1) The lateral stress results of tibiotalar joint showed the displacement by Evans procedure (group B) was greater than other groups (P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between group A and C (P > 0.05). (2) The lateral stress results of subtalar joint showed the displacement by Evans procedure (group B) was greater than other groups (P< 0.0001). There were no significant differences between group A and C (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAnkle instability is caused by ankle joint lateral collateral ligament injury. Chrisman-Snook technique is better than Evans procedure in stability on the early stage of ankle joint restoration, and conform to principle of biomechanics.

Adult ; Ankle Joint ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Humans ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Prognosis ; Radiography ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the relations between different feeding patterns and the body weight retention of the perinatal women living in rural areas of China.

METHODSA cluster sampling method was used to investigate 409 women, who are currently living in rural areas of Tianjin, at pregnant and perinatal status. While, their body weights and heights before pregnancy, antepartum and postpartum were measured, respectively. Body weight retention was the difference of the measured data after postpartum minus pre-pregnant weight. Variance analysis was used for statistic comparison.

RESULTSThe rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 70.9% (290/409) within four months. The net body weight retention of women (5.8 kg) using the exclusive breastfeeding was lower than that of the women (7.0 kg) using artificial feeding within 4 - 6 months, but there was no significantly statistic difference (F = 1.45, P = 0.236). However, there was the opposite result within 7 - 9 months, the data showed that the body weight retention in the women using the exclusive breastfeeding was 4.9 kg, which was significantly higher than that the women (2.9 kg) with artificial feeding (F = 3.17, P = 0.043). The food consumption of the women (901 g) using exclusive breastfeeding was the highest, followed by those (877 g) using mixed feeding and the women (750 g) using artificial feeding.

CONCLUSIONThe body weight retention after postpartum should be related to infant feeding patterns. After postpartum, the weight loss of women using the exclusive breastfeeding is relatively low. While, for the women using the exclusive breastfeeding, the net weight retention during pregnancy and after postpartum were lower than those with artificial feeding. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance health education and guidance on promoting exclusive breast-feeding as well as increasing awareness on pre-pregnant health.

Body Weight ; Breast Feeding ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Infant ; Rural Population ; Sampling Studies

OBJECTIVETo measure the social productivity loss and negative effect to economic development due to malnutrition in view of quantitative analysis.

METHODSUsing the data of childhood stunting and population anemia status, collected by 2002 National Nutrition and Health Survey to analyse the effect on present and future productivity. PROFILES model was used to estimate two kinds of productivity losses: "Future productivity loss" was figured out based on the data of stunting and anemia status in 0-5 year-old children while "Current productivity loss" was from anemia data of the adults.

RESULTSIf current prevalence levels of malnutrition remained unchange over the next ten years (from 2002 to 2012), the total net present value of future productivity lost would be 281.7 billion Yuan (RMB), equivalent to 2.70 % of the Gross Domestice Product( GDP) in 2002, with the productivity losses due to stunting, anemia in adults and children were 0.15 % , 0.46 % and 2.09% of the 2002 GDP, respectively. All the results of calculation mentioned above was restricted with the same assumption - the ignorance of the real cost.

CONCLUSIONThe social economic development and the improvement of nutrition program would have a huge effect to population nutritional status. The social benefit and return on investment should be significant.

Adult ; Anemia ; economics ; epidemiology ; China ; Cost of Illness ; Economics ; trends ; Efficiency ; Humans ; Malnutrition ; economics ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Social Conditions

OBJECTIVETo review the results for minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (AVR) through a 5 cm right anterolateral thoracotomy.

METHODSFrom July 2009 to September 2011, 101 consecutive patients with isolated aortic valve disease (degenerative in 37 patients, rheumatic in 21 patients, congenital in 37 patients, endocarditic in 3 patients and aorta-arteritis in 1 patients) underwent AVR through the right anterolateral thoracotomy approach in the third intercostal space with a groin incision for femoral connection of cardiopulmonary bypass. The mean age was 45.7 years (ranging from 17 to 71 years). Sixty patients were male.

RESULTSOperations were successfully performed in all but 1 patient (1.0%) who required intraoperative conversion to full sternotomy. Mean duration of cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamp time was (88 ± 24) minutes and (55 ± 18) minutes, respectively. Thirty-day mortality was 1.0% (1/101), this patient was found difficult in weaning off cardiopulmonary bypass and exhibited severe coronary artery plaque, although bypass graft was carried out immediately, the patient died of severe low cardiac output syndrome finally. No blood products were needed in 83.2% patients. Follow-up was performed in all patients at an average of (16 ± 7) months postoperatively. A good recovery was obtained in all patients except one who died of multiple organ failure caused by massive cerebral infarction 38 days after surgery.

CONCLUSIONSMinimally invasive aortic valve replacement though the right anterolateral thoracotomy approach is safe and feasible, with good cosmetic results and rapid postoperative recovery. It is worthy of clinical elective application.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aortic Valve ; surgery ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; surgery ; Heart Valve Diseases ; surgery ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of PCNA and p27 in human benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) and prostate carcinoma (PCa) and their effect on the genesis and progression of the tumor.

METHODSThe paraffin-embedded sections of 30 cases with BPH and 37 cases with PCa were collected. The expression of p27 and PCNA protein were examined by S-P immunohistochemical method. Comparative analysis for BPH and pathological grade and clinical stage of PCa was performed.

RESULTSThe expression of PCNA in BPH (3.3%) was significantly lower than that in Pca (83.8%, P < 0.01). The expression of p27 in BPH (70.0%) was significantly higher than that in Pca (27.0%, P < 0.05). The expression of p27 was not correlated with histological grade and clinical stage in Pca (P > 0.05). An inverse correlation was found between p27 and PCNA expression in BPH (P < 0.01), while no correlation was found in Pca (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe loss or decreased expression of p27 protein may be related to the genesis of benign prostate hypertrophy, but not to the development of prostate carcinoma; the overexpression of PCNA may play an important role in the malignant behavior and progression of prostate carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feeding behavior of infants and young children aged from 6 to 24-month-old in Chengdu by feeding index.

METHODS608 infants and young children were randomly selected from Chengdu and divided into 6-, 9-, 12 - 24 month-old groups. Data including basic information, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding were collected through questionnaire. The feeding status of subjects was evaluated by feeding index system (the total score was 19) established by infant feeding principle of WHO.

RESULTSThe total feeding index score (FIS) of 608 subjects was 11.0 ± 2.4. The FIS of 6-(192), in 9-(174) and 12 - 24 month-old (242) groups were 9.6 ± 2.8, 11.1 ± 2.1, 11.9 ± 1.6, respectively. The FIS was increased with month of children (F = 61.311, P < 0.05). The ratios above 60% (the score of 11.4) and 80% (the score of 15.2) of FIS were 46.4% (282/608) and 0.7% (4/608) respectively. The ratios above 60% of FIS were 26.5% (51/192), 45.4% (79/174), 66.9% (162/242) in 6-, 9-, 12 - 24 month-old groups respectively. The percentages of bottle feeding and breastfeeding were 94.2% (573/608) and 25.2% (153/608) respectively.45.1% (274/608) of them were fed by recommended feeding frequency, and 73.0% (444/608) were given enough types of food. With the month-old increasing, the foods of higher intake frequency were vegetables/fruits, cereals, milk and diary product, eggs. The intake frequency of meat was higher in 9 to 24 month-old group, but intake frequency of fish and beans was low in all groups.

CONCLUSIONThe feeding behavior of infants and young children in Chengdu is not optimistic, especially for the lower month infants.

Bottle Feeding ; Breast Feeding ; China ; Feeding Behavior ; Feeding Methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo detect the germline polymorphic variations of Bat26 in Chinese and its significance in microsatellite instability (MSI) study of gastric cancers.

METHODSBat26 was analyzed by PCR-based denatured polyacrymide gel electrophoresis-silver stain method in peripheral blood from 389 healthy people and 34 gastric cancers with matched normal mucosa. Eleven other microsatellite loci were also detected for gastric cancers.

RESULT(1) No Bat26 variations were identified in 423 genomic DNA from peripheral blood or normal mucosa by polyacrymide gel electrophoresis. (2) Two MSI-H cancers, oth Bat26+, were detected in 34 cases of gastric cancer. The alterations of Bat26 and MSI-H status were identical (P<0.05). (3) Compared with those of RER-cancers, MSI-H (RER+)cancers showed more obvious infiltration of intraepithelial lymphocytes and peri-tumoral lymphocytes, and more pushing borders (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION(1) The germline polymorphisms of Bat26 in Chinese people are quasimonomorphic. Thus, no matched genomic DNA is needed while Bat26 was selected for tumor MSI analysis. (2) Bat26 is an independent indicator of MSI-H gastric cancers with distinct clinicopathological features.

Chromosomal Instability ; genetics ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology