Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy with finasteride and doxazosin in benign prostatic hyperplasia/ lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH/LUTS) patients with intravesical prostatic profusion (IPP).Methods A total of 322 BPH/LUTS patients who accepted combination therapy with finasteride and doxazosin were enrolled in this study.Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the degree of IPP:group Ⅰ(IPP＞10 mm),group 2 (IPP between 5 mm and 10 mm),group 3 (IPP＜5 mm),control group (without IPP).All patients were received inasteride 5 mg once per day and doxazosin 4 mg once per day for 6 months.International prostate symptom score (IPSS),prostatic specific antigen(PSA),ultrasonographic and urcdynamic evaluation were compared before and after treatment.The correlations between the above factors and IPP were estimated by Logistic regression analysis.Results After 6 month of treament,the changes of IPP degree and the maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax) had no significant differences in group 1,group 2 and group 3 as compared with before treatment (all P＞0.05).The IPSS in group 1 was not significantly different before and after treatment (P＞0.05).There were significant differences in the PSA level,IPSS,total prostate volume (TPV),transition zone volume (TZV),residual urine volume (PVR) in the 4 groups before and after treatment (all P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that PVR and Qmax had positive and negative correlations with IPP (P＜0.001 and P=0.024),respectively.Conclusions Combination therapy with finasteride and doxazosin can significantly improve the symptoms of LUST and reduce the total prostate volume in patients with BPH/LUTS,but for BPH patients with IPP,the combination therapy can not effectively alleviate the degree of IPP.The increase of residual urine volume and decrease of Qmax may enhance the risk of bladder outlet obstruction in BPH patients with IPP.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that donor systemic injection of B7/CD28 costimulatory blocker cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 immunoglobulin (CTLA-4Ig) needed in T cell activation can markedly prolong the survival time of rat renal allografts, which, however, has limitations, such as high dose, extensive influence, poor specificity, systemic adverse reactions.OBJECTIVE: In order to improve the targeting of CTLA-4Ig, we modified the dendritic cells of donors and recipients in vitro with CTLA- 4Ig and observed the influence of two kinds of dendritic cells applied alone or together on the survival of renal allografis in rats.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal experiment was performed between April 2003 and July 2004 at Laboratory of Department of Urinary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.MATERIALS: Kidney donor: inbred Brown-Norway rats, kidney recipient: inbred Lewis rats, unrelated lymphocyte donor: Wistar rats.METHODS: Bone marrow derived dendritic cells of Lewis and Brown Norway rats were modified with CTLA- 4Ig gene recombinant adenovirus in vitro. Animal models of kidney transplantation were built with Brown Norway rats as donors while Lewis rats as recipients. The modified dendritic cells were injected into Lewis rats through femoral vein 24 hours before kidney transplantation alone (group 1 (n=8), donor dendritic cells; group 2 (n=8), recipient dendritic cells) and in combination (group 3 (n=8), donor and recipient dendritic cells). While the recipients without injection were used as control (group 4 (n=6)).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival time of renal allografts; the reaction degrees of splenocytes to donor and unrelated antigen determined by MTT method on day 20 postoperation.RESULTS: Survival time of renal allografts in group 2 was not prolonged compared with group 4 while the survival time was markedly prolonged in group 3 (P < 0.01). The response of rat splenocytes to donor antigen in group 1 and group 3 was obviously lower than that in group 4 (P < 0.01), while the response to unrelated antigen was similar to group 4.CONCLUSION: Donor dendritic cells modified with CTLA- 4Ig can significantly prolonged survival time of rat renal allografts and the administration of both donor and recipient dendritic cells modified with CTLA- 4Ig can induce a longer survival time of renal allografts. Recipient dendritic cells cannot prolong the survival time of renal allografts.

Xanthii Fructus is a traditional medicine for the treatment of nasal diseases in clinic, mainly come from the burs of Xanthium sibiricum with a worldwide distribution. By sorting and studying literature of Chinese medicine and comparing different figures recorded with the morphological description of several species from Xanthium (Asteraceae) in the Flora of China, combining the biological investigation in resource survey, the article pointed out that the burs or the whole herbs of X. mongolicum, as well as X. sibiricum, has been used by the traditional Chinese medicine in ancient time. It provides a reference for further studies in the future.
China ; Herbal Medicine ; history ; History, Ancient ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Xanthium ; anatomy & histology ; classification

Objective To investigate the effect of promoter hypermethylation of O 6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene on colorectal tumorigenesis and progression. Methods The promoter hypermethylation of O 6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase gene was assayed in 27 sporadic colorectal adenomas, 62 sporadic colorectal carcinomas and 20 normal colorectal mucosa tissues by methylation specific PCR. At the same time, the expression of MGMT protein was studied in the same samples using immunohistochemistry. Results None of the normal colorectal mucosa tissues showed methylated bands. Promoter hypermethylation was detected in 40.7%(11/27) of adenomas and 43.5% (27/62) of carcinomas, respectively. MGMT proteins were expressed in nucleus and cytoplasm of normal colorectal mucosa tissues. Loss of MGMT expression was found in 22.2% (6/27) of adenomas and 45.2% (28/62) of carcinomas, respectively. There were significant difference among them ( P =0.041). Methylation was detected in 5 of the 6 adenomas( P =0.027) and 24 of the 28 carcinomas( P

Objective To analyze the efficacy of electric sacral neuromdulation and resiniferatoxin in patients with female overactive bladder.Methods 32 cases with IOAB female patients accepted percutaneous test sitmulation of the electric sacral nerves at S3 ,and treated by intravesical instillation with 100ml of 100nmol/L RTX.The effica- cy of voiding status were evaluated.The improvement of female patients life were evaluated comparing the rating of depression and anxiety.Results There were significant improvements in 32 cases in variables included the number of voiding,volume voided and signs every day and urgent uresis.In the rating of depression and anxiety,the patients improved a litter and still had stimulating symptom in urethra and bladder.Conclusion The treatment of IOAB with single administratoon of electric sacral neuromdulation and resiniferatoxin is effective,and can successfully im- prove the symptom with little side effects.

Background The establishment of diabetic animal model is a crucial step for the study about diabetic eye diseases. At present,the main modeling method include the injection of streptozotocin and alloxan. But the shortcoming of the former is an expensive price, and that of the later is high death rate of animals. Objective This experiment was to discuss the way which decrease the death of alloxan-injected animal and explore the effects of high blood glucose on the posterior capsular opacification (PCO). Methods Forty clean healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups. 90mg/kg of alloxan were injected via ear vein once in 20 rabbits to create the diabetic animal models,and the equivalent amount of normal saline solution was injected at the same way as normal blood glucose group. The successful models were selected in the animals with the blood glucose level over 12. 0 mmol/L two weeks later, and PCO of lens were graded based on the method of Odrieh under the slit lamp. Extracapsular lens extraction was then performed on the right eye of rabbits in both groups, and the posterior capsules were obtained from these eyes at the 6th, 10th and 14th days after operation. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) in posterior capsular lens epithelial cell was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The modeling successful rate was 70% after injection of alloxan. The body weight of rabbits in high blood glucose group was significantly lowed and the blood glucose was significantly elevated in comparison with normal blood glucose group ( all P<0. 05). Two weeks after surgery ,2 eyes occurred 2 grade of PCO and only one eye showed the 1 grade of PCO in the high blood glucose group. However, 1 grade of PCO was found in 3 eyes in the normal blood glucose group. Biopsy revealed that PCNA was positively expressed in the cell nuclei of LECs in high blood glucose group rather than the normal blood glucose group from the 10th day after surgery. The proliferation index of PCNA was 0. 86±0. 04 and 0. 25±0. 03 respectively in high blood glucose group and normal blood glucose group, showing a significant difference between them (t = -16. 171 ,P = 0. 000). Conclusion Stable diabetic models of rabbits can be created by intravenous injection of 90 mg/kg alloxan. High blood glucose level is one of the important factors for the development of PCO.

Objective To evaluate vascular surgery and interventional technique applied in Takayasu's arteritis. Methods Data of 26 patients of Takayasu's arteritis admitted between January 2006 and December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The sex ratio(M/F) was 1: 4. 2, age averaged at (27±15)y. There were 16 cases of type Ⅰ , 7 cases of type Ⅱ and 3 cases of type Ⅲ according to Lupi-Herrera classification. 25 patients received surgery including 16 patients undergoing pecutaneous transluminal angioplasty operations, 9 patients doing traditional bypass surgery, and one patient was treated conservatively. Results 23 case-times of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) were performed in 16 patients, including 12 cases of balloon angioplasty and 4 cases of stent angioplasty. Four significantly stenotic and occluded carotid arteries were revascularized successfully in 5 patients. Thrombosis of the carotid artery was found in one patient after balloon angioplasty. There were 4 patients in which repeated PTA treatment up to a total of 11 times were needed to guarantee vessel patency. Open surgery succeeded in 9 patients, and clinical symptoms were relieved in all cases during peri-operative period. 22 patients were followed up for 12 -46 months,one patient died of cerebral hemorrhage 3 months post-operation, one patient was found pseudoaneurysm at anastomotic stoma, and 2 patients suffered from anastomotic restenosis.Conclusions Vascular surgery played important role in the therapy of Takayasu's arteritis. PTA can be used repeatedly. Surgical bypass operation is difficult in technology, and can be used in cases that fail to response to PTA or in patients with severe cerebral ischemia.

Objective Heart transplantation is an effective treatment of end-stage heart diseases and extending the time of donor heart preservation helps to make up for the shortage of donor hearts. This study was to investigate whether high-pressured mixed gas ( HPMG) of carbon monoxide and oxygen could prolong the time of donor heart preservation and its mechanisms. Methods Forty-eight C57BL/6 male mice aged 4-6 weeks were randomly divided in-to four groups of equal number:control ( the donor heart isolated but not transplanted) , immediate transplantation ( the donor heart transplanted right after isolated) , HTK-preservation ( the donor heart preserved in histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution for 24 hours after isolated, and HPMG preservation ( the donor heart preserved in an HPMG chamber with the oxygen partial pressure of 3200 hPa and carbon monoxide partial pressure of 800 hPa for 24 hours after isolated) .Another 36 recipient mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly assigned to receive the donor heart immediately after harvested (n=12), preserved in HTK solution (n=12), or preserved in HPMG (n=12).At 2 hours after transplantation, the status of heart re-beating and cardiac function were compared among different groups of recipient mice.At 24 hours, tissues were taken from the transplanted hearts for examination of pathologic changes by HE stai-ning, detection of the apoptosis of cardiac cells by TUNEL, and determination of the expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ) and B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) by Western blot. Resul ts The re-beating rates of the imme-diately transplanted and HPMG-preserved hearts were significantly higher than that of the HTK-preserved ones (P<0.05).At 2 hours after transplantation, the cardiac function scores were 2.5 (2.0-2.9), 0.8 (0.5-1.0), and 4.5 (4.0-4.5) in the immediate implantation, HPMG-preservation and HTK-preservation groups respectively, with statistically significant differences between any two groups (P<0.05).The expressions of LC3-Ⅱand Bcl-2 were 2.06 ±0.29 and 0.87 ±0.18 in the HPMG-preserved heart recipients and 1.24 ±0.20 and 2.07 ±0.32 in the immediately transplanted heart recipients, both higher than 0.13 ±0.03 and 0.19 ±0.02 in the controls and 0.16 ±0.06 and 0.26 ±0.08 in the HTK-preserved heart recipients (P<0.05), the Bcl-2 higher in the HTK-pre-served heart recipients than in the controls (P<0.05), and the LC3-Ⅱ expression higher in the HPMG-preserved heart recipients than in the immediately transplanted heart recipients (P<0.05).HE staining showed that cell edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were more obvious in the HPMG-preserved heart recipients than in the controls and immediately transplanted heart recipients but less obvious than in the HTK-preserved heart recipients.The rate of cell apoptosis was dramatically increased in the HPMG-and HTK-pre-served heart recipients ([5.04 ±1.77]%and [26.72 ±5.23]%) in comparison with the controls ([1.08 ±0.56]%) (P<0.01) and immediately transplanted heart recipients ([2.13 ±1.71]%) (P<0.01) but decreased in the HPMG as compared with the HTK-preserved heart recipients (P<0.01). Conclusion High-pressured mixed gas preservation can reduce cold ischemia-reperfu-sion injury of the donor heart, which may be associated with its promotion of autophagy, provision of energy to cells, and apoptosis of cardiocytes in the donor heart.

[Abstract ] Objective Pelvic radiation disease(PRD) is multiple injuries in more than one organ resulted by pelvic radio-therapy.Patients have the symptoms of frequent feces and fecal incontinence after the resection of small bowel lesion .Sugeries on PRD patients were mainly distal ileum and ilieocecal valve resections , while the most susceptible part of pelvic radiation injury is rectum . However , little research has been done concerning PRD patients′anorectal functions .This study was mainly to evaluate the anorectal function of cervical cancer patients with PRD in order to provide evidence for the therapy and prognosis of PRD . Methods Cervical cancer patients with PRD in need of small bowel resection who hospitalized in our department from January 2014 to January 2015 were collected as patient group , while people from outpatient physical exam group were selected as control group according to the exclusion criteria of hypertension , diabetes, constipation and unrelaxed pelvic floor syndrome .PDR group and control group were matched according to age.All subjects underwent colonoscopy and anorectal manometry .Rectal radiation injury was estimated on the basis of colonoscopy results.Anorectal manometry results of PRD group and control group were analysised statistically . Results PRD group and control group both included 20 women without stenosis or obstruction in rectum .Significant difference was found between PRD group and con-trol group in anal resting pressure (47.23 ±9.08 mmHg vs 58.25 ±9.24 mmHg, P<0.05), anal maximum squeezing pressure (47.23 ±9.08 mmHg vs 58.25 ±9.24 mmHg, P<0.01), anal distension pressure (23.30 ±12.49 mmHg vs 39.10 ±9.99 mmHg, P<0.01), rectal defecation pressure(22.85 ±16,69 mmHg vs 50.90 ±9.14 mmHg, P<0.01) and maximum tolerated rectal volume (112.85 ±51.34 mL vs 173.50 ±48.15 mL, P<0.01).There was no significant difference between the two groups as to the lenghth of functional sphincters(P=0.313),rectum initial threshold(P=0.416) and rectal defecation threshold(P=0.161). Conclusion Ionization radiation that injures PRD patients′internal anal sphincters and external anal sphincters also reduces maximum tolerated rec -tal volumes preoperatively .It′s necessary to assess the muscles and nerve functions of anorectum before intestinal surgery in order to make a proper operation plan which will improve PRD patients′life quality.

Objective To evaluate the value of preoperative ultrasonographic parameters in predicting the outcome of TURP.Methods A total of 202 patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (sBPH) entering our department for surgical therapy were prospectively recruited,with mean age of (65.5 ± 8.1) years,international prostate symptom score (IPSS) of 16.6 ± 8.1 and quality of life (QOL) score of 5 (3,6).Preoperative combined test of ultrasonography and urodynamics has found total prostate volume (TPV),transitional zone volume (TZV),transitional zone index (TZI),intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP),resistive index (RI),postvoiding residue (PVR),detrusor wall index (DWT),ultrasonic estimation of bladder weight (UEBW) and maximum flow rate (Qmax) to be (75.0 ±38.5) ml,(49.9 ± 32.4) ml,0.59 ±0.14,(17.2 ±5.0) mm,0.63 ±0.12,(132.7 ±97.8)ml,(16.3 ±7.9)mm,(44.8 ± 7.1)g and (6.1 ± 6.0)ml/s respectively.A 6-monthsfollow-up after standard TURP were applied including re-measurement of IPSS,QOL score and Qmax.The patients were classified into 2 groups of effective and ineffective after the recovery being stratified into 4 levels of none,fair,good and excellent.The influence of preoperative ultrasonographic parameters on surgical outcome was analyzed by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results The group of effective has 149 patients,with the preoperative TZI,IPP,RI,DWT and UEBW of 0.65 ± 0.27,(18.3 ± 3.1) mm,0.77 ± 0.18,(19.0 ± 5.0) mm and (46.6 ± 7.1) g,which were significantly higher than that of the group of ineffective (P ＜ 0.05) Lower RI,DWT and UEBW were found to be risk factors of unfavorable surgical efficacy (P ＜ 0.05) from multivariable analysis.The area under curve (AUC) of RI,DWT and UEBW in outcome prediction was 0.816,0.732 and 0.723 respectively from ROC curve,indicating the good predictive value of the 3 parameters with combined positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.3％.Conclusion RI,DWT and UEBW have favorable value in predicting TURP outcome.Measuring these parameters by preoperative ultrasonography might aid in determining the need for surgical intervention in sBPH patients.