15, the mortality was38.1%(n = 8).There was significantly difference both in mortality (x2 = 4.14 P

Optic neuritis is one of the most important neuro-ophthalmologic diseases which cause vision loss in young adults. There are obvious differences in the prevalence of optic neuritis in different countries and regions. Through the review of the related literature at home and abroad in recent years, this article summarizes the etiology and epidemiological characteristics of optic neuritis. lt is expected to provide reference and comparison for the epidemiological investigation of cross regional, multi-center cooperation.

Objective To investigate surgical opportunity and suitable treatment approach in nodular Hashimoto's disease.Methods An analysis was performed in 388 pathologically confirmed cases with nodular Hashimoto's disease and other thyroid-related diseases.All the cases were involved with surgical treatment due to thyroid nodules from June,1995 to Dec,2005.Results Among the above-mentioned cases,64 cases (16.5%) were Hashimoto's disease with the presence of thyroid cancer,190 (48.9%) nodular thyroid tumor,94 (24.2%) thyroid adenoma,7 (1.8%) hyperthyroidism,the rest (8.5%) simple Hashimoto's disease.Prior to 2000, among 106 cases of Hashimoto's disease there were 15 cases accompanied by thyroid cancer.Since 2001,282 cases of Hashimoto's disease were dealt surgically,49 of which had thyroid cancer.Compared to the period from 1995 to 2000,the complication of Hashimoto's disease and thyroid cancer has been sharply increasing during the recent five years (P

The purpose of this study was to prepare the nobiletin-loaded nanoemulsions (NOB-NE) and study its in vivo distribution in mice. The characteristics and stability of the unloaded and drug-loaded nanoemulsions were investigated. The size, apparent viscosity and pH value of NOB-NE were respectively (15.5 +/- 2.9) nm, (3.10 +/- 0.33) mPa x s and 6.56 +/- 0.05, which were all higher than those of unloaded nanoemulsions. The zeta potential of unloaded and drug-loaded nanoemulsions carried negative charge. The NOB-NE after diluted by 5% glucose solution was stable in 8 h, and there was no significant difference in the size, content and diluted stability of its preconcentrate in long-term storage. The concentration of nobiletin in plasma and tissues was determined by HPLC after intravenous administration of NOB-NE. Based on AUC(0-t), MRT and C(max), the nanoemulsions delivered more nobiletin into the brain and kidney compared to those of nobiletin solution. The brain and kidney targeting efficiency was improved. In addition, the results fitting using SAAM II software show that the higher drug concentration of the NOB-NE in the brain might be owed to the quicker transport rate from the blood to the brain, and that in the kidney relate to the probable accumulation effect. These results indicate that the in vivo distribution of NOB-NE with consistent quality in mice could be changed and its brain and kidney targeting absorption capability was enhanced comparing with nobiletin solution.
Animals ; Drug Stability ; Emulsions ; Female ; Flavones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage ; Tissue Distribution

A series of nitrogen-containing benzoheterocyclic derivatives were synthesized and tested for their antipsychotic activities. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and HR-MS. Preliminary in vitro pharmacological trials showed that most of the target compounds have high affinity with D2 and 5-HT(2A) receptors. Among the tested compounds, 20 exhibited the highest affinity and D2 partial agonist activity. In vivo studies showed 20 has potent antipsychotic activities on apomorphine mice model, which is a chance to find a better precursor of D2 partial agonist for further optimization.
Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Dopamine Agonists ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Drug Design ; Isoquinolines ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Central composite design (CCD) is one of the most commonly used design methods in response surface optimization and has been widely applied in the field of pharmaceutics to optimize preparations. On the 20th anniversary of the introduction of CCD into China, the paper reviews its application in domestic pharmaceutical researches. Based on the brief introduction of basic principle and operation steps of CCD, the mistakes emerging in the application of CCD are summarized, including conceptual confusion with Box-Behnken design and face-centered CCD as well as wrong designs. Besides, the issues concerning the selection of factors and responses are discussed. The article is helpful for researchers to comprehensively understand the CCD and facilitates the rational application of this method.

Report a case sustained Gustilo type III C open fracture of the left humerus with brachial artery injury who has limb ischemia and wound infection after operation in June, 2014. To salvage the limb, performed cross limb vessel transfer to restore blood supply at one-stage. After multiple debridement, Flow-through flap transfer was performed for definitive reconstruction of the arterial injury and repair the wound in secondary stage. In the 3rd stage, cutting the pedicle of transposition vessels. Follow-up at 1 year after surgery, the patient's left upper limb had survived with limited movement and confirmed Flow-through the vessel reconstruction using CTA.

Objective In this study we conducted a cross-sectional study and reported on the distribution of two common genetic polymorphisms of the PON1 gene and two common genetic polymorphisms of the GST gene as well as the association between those polymorphisms and other predictors in a population of floriculture workers from Kunming city. Methods 136 pesticide-exposed farmers were recruited. PON1 and GST T1, M1 genotype were determined by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results (1)Compared with exposure group, the GLB in control group was higher(β=-0.16,t=-2.30, P=0.02), but the A/G in control group was lower (β=0.14,t=2.09,P=0.04); (2) Compared with the persons who carried QQ genotype, the accumulative symptom scores were lower in the persons who carried RR genotype(t=-2.78, P=0.006); (3) Compared with GST T1 carriers, non-carriers' GLB (β=-0.20, t=-3.01, P=0.00)and IgG(β=-0.20,t=-3.01, P=0.00)were higher, but the A/G was lower; (4) The abnormities of cardiograms among people who had been exposed to pesticides were higher compared to people who did not expose to any pesticides (β=1.147, P=0.042). Conclusion PON1-192 and GST T1 gene were associated with the farmers health condition after pesticides exposure.

Objective To explore clinical value of intraoperative extra strong electrical stimulation in the treatment of birth brachial plexus palsy. MethodsFrom July 2008 to September 2011,intraoperative extra strong electrical stimulation was applied in 9 cases of incomplete birth brachial plexus palsy after neurolysis.The latency and amplitude of compound muscle action potentials before and after electrical stimulation were recorded and the extent of improvement was compare.ResultsThe latency was improved in 7 cases with 8.02％ in average,amplitude in 8 cases with 185.97％ in average.The related nerve recover partial motor function in 8 cases in 2 weeks after operation.ConclusionIntraoperative extra strong electrical stimulation is a effective assistant technique to promote motor functional recovery of birth brachial plexus palsy.

AIM:To compare the difference between Shuxiong Tablet(Radix et Rhizoma notoginseng,Flos Carthami,Rhizoma Chuanxiong)(SXT) and its effective compounds group(SECG) in anti-inflammatory,relieving pain,anticoagulation,anti-thrombus and myocardial protection.METHODS:We adopted experiments of carrageenan-induced paw edema,hot water shrink trail,clotting time in mice,and thrombus in arteriovenous shut,and pituitrin induced acute myocardial ischemia in rats.RESULTS:Both of SXT and SECG could inhibit the tumefaction,decrease PGE_2 and SOD in inflammatory tissue;enhance the pain threshhold of mice;extend clotting time;inhibit the thrombosis;inhibit myocardial ischemia,significantly decrease CK,LDH,MDA and increase SOD in myocardial tissue.CONCLUSION:SXT and SECG have the same effects on anti-inflammatory,relieving pain,anticoagulation,anti-thrombus and myocardial protection.Further more,their dose-response relationship curves were similar,suggesting that SECG having the main effective components of SXT,could take place of SXT in clinical research.