Humans ; Perforator Flap

In order to determine the challenge dose of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) inactivated vaccine (S-1 strain). The virus titer of PPMV-1 E5 allantoic fluid (Chuansha strain) was determined using SPF chicken embryos in this research. After inoculating 30-day-old and 120-day-old pigeons with low-HI antibody against PPMV-1 (HI antibody < or =2) with different doses of PPMV-1 (Chuansha strain), the clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions of the challenged pigeons were examined. The results showed that the minimal lethal dose (MLD) of PPMV-1 (Chuansha strain) was 102.5 ELD50, so we determined that 10(5.5) ELD50, which was 1000 times the MLD, could be taken as the challenge dose in the vaccine efficacy test for PPMV-1 inactivated vaccine (S-1 strain).
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Bird Diseases ; immunology ; mortality ; virology ; Chick Embryo ; Columbidae ; immunology ; virology ; Newcastle Disease ; immunology ; mortality ; virology ; Newcastle disease virus ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; Phylogeny ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology ; Virulence

APOBEC3 is a class of cytidine deaminase, which is considered as a new member of the innate immune system, and APOBEC3G belongs to this family. The research about APOBEC3G is a new direction of innate immune defense mechanism against virus. APOBEC3G has the restrictive activity on many viral replications, which deaminates dC to dU in the viral genome and then induces extensive hypermutation. APOBEC3G can also interrupt viral replication at several phases such as reverse transcription, replication, nucleocapsid and so on by non-deamination mechanisms. However, virus can encode viral proteins to counteract the restriction activity of APOBEC3G. Elucidation of the antagonistic interaction between APOBEC3G and the virus will be contributed to development of new antiviral drugs in the future.
APOBEC-3G Deaminase ; Animals ; Cytidine Deaminase ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Replication ; Deamination ; HIV-1 ; physiology ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; physiology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Paramyxoviridae ; genetics ; physiology ; Retroviridae ; physiology ; Virus Replication ; vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; metabolism

Objective:To explore the intervention effect of proteasome inhibitor MG132 in rats with collagen-induced arthritis(CIA),which resembles human rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:Forty-eight female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups,including blank control group,CIA model group and MG132-treated group.There were sixteen rats in each group.Rats in CIA model group and MG132-treated model group were injected with type Ⅱ collagen to established CIA rats.21 days after the initial immunization,the rats in the MG132-treated model group were injected subcutaneously with 1 mg/kg MG132 once daily for 2 weeks.42 days after the initial immunization,the change of paw-swelling and the arthritis scores were determined.The synovial pathology examination was performed with HE staining.The 20S proteasome activity in synovial tissue was measured by fluorescence substrate assay.The expression of NF-κB/p65,IκBα in synovial tissue were analyzed by Western blot.Results:Proteasome inhibitor MG132 significantly attenuated the severity of arthritis and histopathological changes in CIA rats.Compared with the blank control group,the 20S proteasome activity was increased significantly in the CIA model group(P<0.05),and decreased after injection of MG132.Compared with CIA rats,the expression of NF-κB/p65 significantly decreased in rats treated with MG132(P<0.01).Compared with the blank control group,the expression of IκBα protein decreased in CIA model group.After injected with MG132,the protein was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:The proteasome inhibitor MG132 may attenuates the severity of arthritis and histopathological changes in CIA rats.These effects may be mediated through the inhibition of NF-κB activity.

A simple,reliable RPHPLC method on ODS column with UV detector for deter-mination of the anticoagulant rodenticide coumatetralyl in animal tissue was developed.1,1′-Bi-(2-Naphthol)was used as an internal standard to check the process ofexperiments.The mean recoveries from the spiked rabbit liver were around 90% atthe levels of 0.4-16mg/kg.The coeffecint of variation of 5 determination was 3.2%.The results showed that this method has a satisfactory reproducibility.The methodis practical for examining poisons in poisoning cases.

Nine Rabbits were orally administrated with a single dose of 25mg/kg,100mg/kgcoumatetralyl to establish poisoning model.Poisoning sympton and pathological changes were observed.Coumatetralyl content in main internal organsand muscle was determined by RPHPLC method.The results were discussed.

Objective To optimize the extraction process of volatile oil and inclusion preparation of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin from compoundJinling Sini Siwu Shixiaosan Granules.Methods The orthogonal approach of L9 (34) was applied to investigate the volume of volatile oil extraction by 3 factors to obtain the optimum extraction conditions. With inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion compound as comprehensive evaluation indexes, the optimum preparation conditions were discussed. The characterization of this prepared inclusion was analyzed by TLC.Results The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:the crude medicine with medicinal powder was shattered into 20 meshes;8 times the amount of water was added and was extracted for 8 h. The best inclusion conditions were as follows:the proportion of volatile oil to HP-β-CD was 1∶6, with inclusion temperature of 30℃, grinding time of 2 h. Analysis results of TLC showed that stable inclusion compound was formed from volatile oil and HP-β-CD.Conclusion The optimized extraction process and inclusion preparation are with stable quality and high feasibility.

OBJECTIVETo provide a theoretical basis for the further development of new drugs, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and the liver function in mice of anthocyanin from Ligustrum vicaryi were investigated.

METHODSThe 240 experimental mice were splitted equally for 6 kinds of experiments and 40 rats in each kind of experiment were divided into 5 groups (n = 8): normal saline control group (NS); aspirin control group (Asp); high-concentration anthocyanin group (HA); medium-concentration anthocyanin group (MA); low-concentratior anthocyanin group (LA). The analgesia effect of anthocyanin at different concentration was detenmined by hot-plate test and acetic acid writhin test, and the anti-inflammatory effect of anthocyanin was performed by ear edema, ahdomen capillary permeability and cotton granuloma. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the contents of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in blood serum were determined, and the activities of SOD, T-AOC and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver were measured, while the histological changes of liver tissue were observed.

RESULTSThe pain threshold of mice was enhanced and the times of twist body wa decreased by medium-concentration and high-concentration anthocyanin. The activity of SOD was increased and the conentrs of NO and PGE were reduced in blood serum. High-concentration anthocyanin inhibited the ear swelling , the increase of celiac capillary permeability and th granuloma hyperplasia, and increased the activities of SOD and T-AOC while decreased the content of PGE2. The activities of SOD, T-AOC. GSH-PX were increased in liver, but the morphology of liver tissues in each group had no significant changes.

CONCLUSIONAnthocyanin Ligustrum vicaryi has definite anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, which is related to increasing the antioxidant capacity and decreasing th contents of NO and PGE2, and has not obvious damage to liver in the range of experimental concentration.

Analgesics ; chemistry ; Animals ; Anthocyanins ; pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; chemistry ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Aspirin ; pharmacology ; Dinoprostone ; metabolism ; Edema ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Ligustrum ; chemistry ; Liver ; drug effects ; Mice ; Nitric Oxide ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of the couplet medicines (Astragalus Membranaceus and Jiaozhen) on intestinal barrier functions of postoperative colorectal cancer patients.

METHODSTotally 90 inpatients with confirmed colorectal cancer by pathological diagnosis were recruited as subjects in this study. They were assigned to the Chinese medicine group (CM, treated with Astragalus Membranaceus and Jiaozhen), the Western medicine group (WM, treated with glutamine), and the blank control group (treated with normal saline) according to random digit table, 30 in each group. The treatment course consisted of eight days. Levels of blood D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase (DAO), urinary lactulose/mannitol ratio (L/M), ET, TNF-alpha, and postoperative recovery time of bowel sound were observed before surgery and after surgery. The effect of the couplet medicines (Astragalus Membranaceus and Jiaozhen) on intestinal barrier functions of postoperative colorectal cancer patients were comprehensively assessed by taking blood D-lactic acid levels, DAO levels, urinary L/M as main potency indices; ET and TNF-alpha, recovery time of bowel sound as the secondary potency indices.

RESULTSCM showed similar effect with that of WM in improving blood D-lactic acid levels and DAO levels, and urinary L/M ratio, with no statistical difference between them (P > 0.05). But they showed better effect than that of the blank control group (P < 0.05). Levels of ET and TNF-alpha were decreased more in the CM group than in the WM group (P < 0.05). The recovery time of bowel sound was shorter in the CM group than in the WM group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Levels of ET and TNF-alpha were decreased more in the WM group than in the blank control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the recovery time of bowel sound between the WM group and the blank control group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe couplet medicines (Astragalus Membranaceus and Jiaozhen) had obvious protection for intestinal barrier dysfunction of postoperative colorectal cancer patients, showing similar efficacy to that of WM. It was even superior to glutamine in restoring bowel functions, reducing toxin absorption, and lowering levels of pro-inflammatory factors.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Astragalus membranaceus ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; methods ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Glutamine ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; Intestines ; Lactic Acid ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of CDK4 and cyclin D1 in gastric carcinoma,and to discuss their correlation with WHO histological classification,TNM stages and lymph node metastasis.Methods Forty paraffin wax specimens from patients with gastric carcinoma were collected and expression of CDK4 and cyclin D1 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the positive rates for CDK4 and cyclin D1 protein were 65% and 55%,respectively.There was positive correlation between CDK4 and cyclin D1 proteins(P0.05).Conclusion CDK4 and cyclin D1 proteins are frequently overexpressed in gastric carcinoma and there is a positive relationship between the two proteins,which may be involved in the development of gastric carcinoma.