Objective To evaluate the risk factors of gallstone occurrence after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Methods Relevant documents published from 1990 to 2014 were retrieved through Pubmed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science CNKI,Wan Fang and VIP databases search.The Meta-analysis was applied with RevMan 5.3 software for Odds ratio and 95％ CI.Results 24 studies were selected for this Meta-analysis which included 3 randomized controlled trials,13 cohort studies and 8 case-controlled studies.These 24 studies included patient number which ranged from 32 to 893.The pooled OR (95％ CI) and P values of OR (95 ％ CI) for physiologic digestive tract reconstruction were 0.53 (0.44 ～ 0.65,P ＜ 0.05) ;amount of resection of stomach,1.98 (1.29 ～ 3.04,P ＜ 0.05) ; lymphadenectomy,0.38 (0.21 ～ 0.72,P ＜ 0.05) ; vagotomy,0.24 (0.13 ～ 0.45,P ＜ 0.05) ; and pylorus preservation,0.70 (0.48 ～ 1.02,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Physiologic digestive tract reconstruction and vagus nerve preservation reduced occurrence of gallstones after gastrectomy.On the other hand,total gastrectomy and extensive lymph node dissection increased the occurrence.There was no significant difference in the occurrence of gallstones whether there was pylorus preservation or not.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between telomerase activity and the biological behavior of prostate cancer.Methods:The telomerase activity in prostate cancer tissues was detected by TRAP (telomeric repeat amplification protocol) ELISA which is based upon amplification of the initial telomerase product and detected by ELISA.Results:None of the 10 samples from normal prostates expressed telomerase activity.The thirteen of fifteen cases (86.0%) with prostate cancer presented telomerase activity.The activity of telomerase was associated with the pathological differentiation of prostate cancer.The two of twelve cases (17.0%) with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) expressed telomerase activity,and the activity of telomerase was lower than prostate cancer.Conclusion:The telomerase acitivity may be related to the biological behavior of prostate cancer and can evaluate the malignant potential of prostate cancer.The presence of telomerase acitivity in some cases of BPH may indicate the presence of a minority of malignant cells,as yet clinically undetected,within the population of BPH cells.

BACKGROUND: Poly(glycerol sebacate) holds excellent and good biocompatibility, flexibility and degradability, which is widely used in soft tissue replacement and tissue engineering, drug delivery carrier, wound dressing, and bone-cartilage regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress in the optimal synthesis and medical application of poly(glycerol sebacate) and its composites. METHODS: PubMed, Elsevier, CNKI and WanFang databases were retrieved. The key words were “poly(glycerol sebacate), synthesis, cardiac muscle, blood vessels, nerves, skin, drug delivery carrier, wound dressing, bone regeneration” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 43 articles eligible for the inclusion criteria were obtained. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In recent years, poly(glycerol sebacate) has attracted much attention because of its many excellent properties. Many basic scientific studies and animal experiments have confirmed that it is suitable for tissue engineering. Conventional poly(glycerol sebacate) curing process requires high temperature, high vacuum and long duration, which prevents the polymer from binding directly to cells or temperature-sensitive molecules, resulting in some limitations in its application. The composite scaffold material synthesized with a variety of other materials can make up for the corresponding shortcomings of its application in myocardial and vascular tissue engineering, drug delivery carrier, nerve guiding materials, skin and wound dressing, and bone-cartilage tissue engineering. At present, most of the studies on poly(glycerol sebacate) composites focus on the cytobiology level, and few studies focus on the mechanism of action in vivo. Further study may develop an important material for tissue replacement.

In recent years, the systematic treatment of liver cancer has made significant progress, but surgical resection remains as main treatment to obtain long-term survival for patients with liver cancer. With the rapid development of liver surgery, the complexity of liver anatomy and surgical operation are no longer the main obstacles to liver surgery. The insufficient future liver remnant (FLR) after hepatectomy has become the main limit of liver surgery. In clinical practice, most patients with liver cancer cannot undergo one-stage radical resection and can only receive non-surgical treatment, with poor long-term prognosis. The associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) provides hope for the treatment of liver cancer patients with insufficient FLR. ALPPS can induce significant hypotrophy of the FLR in a short period of time, and the radical tumor resection rate is as high as 90% to 100%, which significantly improves the prognosis of patients. However, in the early stages of the practice, there were considerable controversies on the safety of the operation. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of technology, the safety of ALPPS has been greatly improved. The authors synthesize the latest literatures and elaborate on the latest progress of ALPPS.

The optic nerve disease is a kind of diseases that seriously affect the visual function. In recent years, magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging ( DTI ) technology has been widely applied in the field of optic nerve diseases. Compared with the ophthalmic testing, such as optical coherence tomography imaging, visual evoked potential, field of vision, this method has obvious advantages. It not only can directly show the morphology changes of the optic nerve, visual pathway and visual cortex, but also can quantitatively analyze the morphological and pathological changes of the optic nerve, visual pathway and the visual cortex. This article reviews the imaging principle of diffusion tensor imaging, the progress and development prospect of diffusion tensor imaging in the study of the optic nerve diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on the CD4+regulatory T cells in the patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults(LADA).Methods The CIM+T cells from IADA patients were isolated with anti-CD4-dynal magnetic beads.The expression of Foxp3 mRNA,along with peroxisome proliferators activator receptors gamma(PPARγ)mRNA and TGF-131 mRNA was determined.The effect of rosiglitazone on CD4+T cells was measured,after treated with rosiglitazone for 48 h.Cell viability was assessed by Mtit assay.The proliferation was assayed with 3 H-TdR.Two-color staining(anti-CD4,anti-CD25)flow cytometric analysis was employed to measure the percentage of CD4+CD25+T cells of Deriph eral blood.Resuits PPARγmRNA was expressed in peripheral CD4+T lymphocytes.RosiglitazoBe inhibited phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-induced human CD4+T cell proliferation in dose dependence.The percentage of CD4+CD25+T cells showed no significant change after the peripheral blood culture with 1 μmol/Land 10μmot/L rosiglitazone.10 μmol/L of rosiglitazone induced Foxp3 mRNA expression in vitro (3.27fold,P<0.05),whereas TGF-β1 mRNA expression did not change.Furthermore,only 1 μmol/L of rosiglitazone could promote Foxp3 mRNA expression if adding IL-2(10 U/m1)in cultures(3.48 fold.P

The diagnostic value of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD 65-Ab) was more valuable than islet cell antibody (ICA) in type 1 diabetes mellitus by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves; likelihood ratios of different regions of GAD 65-Ab and ICA could reflect the probability of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for the improvement of curriculum system of Pharmacy Administration(Ph.A).METHODS:The basic information was collected by searching official website and the websites of universities and colleges,and the detailed data were collected through questionnaire survey.RESULTS:In the 111 universities and colleges investigated,a total of 51 curriculums(or 399 courses) related to Ph.A were set up.The main curriculums are pharmacy administration(210 courses),pharmaceutical marketing(61 courses),pharmacy laws and regulations(26 courses).In different universities and colleges,the credit hours,semester and property of Ph.A curriculums are different.CONCLUSIONS:The system of Ph.A curriculums has become more and more comprehensive,and the setup of each course suits the need of social needs.But the setup of curriculums of Ph.A in each university or college was far from systematical,and its structure remained to be optimized,and the structure of the teaching materials of Ph.A should be strengthened.

Objective To analyze the imaging manifestations of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of skeletal muscle and improve the recognition of this rare disease.Methods Five cases of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of skeletal muscle proved pathologically underwent imaging exam,including MRI and CT in 3 cases,only MRI in 1 case,only CT in 1 case,X-ray in 2 cases and bone scintigraphy in 2 cases.Results Diffuse enlargements of involved muscle with presentation of overall configuration were observed in all five cases.All 4 cases manifested as homogeneous soft masses,which is isoattenuating to normal muscle on unenhanced CT images.After intravenous injection of contrast media,the masses enhanced homogeneously and slightly(2 cases)or moderately(1 case)on CT images.The lesions were homogenous and had isointense or slightly low signal intensity compared with that of uninvolved muscle on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images.After intravenous injection of contrast media,all 2 cases enhanced homogeneously and moderately with the enhanced signal intensity of involved muscle greatly higher than that of uninvolved muscle on MR images.Two cases of X-ray plain showed no destruction of bone and 2 cases of bone scintigraphy exams showed increased radiotracer uptake of involved muscle with no infiltration of bone marrow.Conclusion There are several characteristics on the imaging of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of skeletal muscle.MRI is the optimal imaging method for the diagnosis of this disease.

Objective To compare the esophageal acid and alkaline exposure characteristics of patients with cardia carcinoma after proximal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy.Method A total of 77 patients of cardia carcinoma who underwent radical resection from Sep 2007 to Sep 2011 in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed.24 hour esophageal pH monitoring were performed in all patients.Result Patients were divided into three groups:group TG had total gastrectomy (n =25),group PP had proximal gastrectomy with pyloroplasty (n =33),group NP had proximal gastrectomy (n =19).It revealed that indicators of acid reflux including the overall time length of acid episodes,＞ 5 min times of acid episodes,duration of longest acid episodes,time length of pH ＜ 4.00 and the DeMeester Scores in group NP were significantly higher than in group PP(U =32,P ＜ 0.01 ; U =35,P ＜ 0.01 ; U =23,P ＜ 0.01 ; U =39,P ＜0.01 ;U =49,P ＜0.01 respectively).Only alkline reflux was observed in group TG.The total times of alkaline episodes in PP group was significantly lower than in group TG(U =52,P ＜0.01) and group NP (U =182,P ＜0.01).＞5 min times of alkaline episodes in group TG was larger than in group PP,and that in group PP was larger than in group NP(P ＜0.01).Duration of longest alkaline episodes and total period of pH ＞7.00 in group PP was significantly higher than in group TG(U =125,P ＜ 0.01 ; U =143.5,P ＜ 0.01),and that in group TG was higher than in group NP(U =23.5,P ＜ 0.01 ; U =14,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Alkaline reflux deserves more attention in evaluating esophageal reflux in patients with cardia carcinoma after resection.Pyloroplasty is not helpful to relieving esophageal acid episodes while causing severe alkaline reflux.