Objective To investigate the influence of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) knock-down on cell proliferation and apoptosis in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901.Methods The mRNA levels of COX-2 in SGC7901 and gastric epithelium cells (GES) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays.The influence of COX-2 on the proliferation and apoptosis of cell line SGC7901 was evaluated with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) assay.Results qRT-PCR assay indicated that the mRNA level of COX-2 in SGC7901 was significantly higher than that in GES (P ＜ 0.01).MTT and FACS assays showed that the proliferation was reversed by COX-2 knock-down in SGC7901 cells.Up-regulated Bax and down-regulated Bcl-2 can inhibit the expression of COX-2.Conclusions COX-2 could contribute to the proliferation of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901.

Objective　To study the viability and histological change of encapsulated rat hepatocytes after being transplanted into abdominal cavity of rat. Methods　The two-step collagenase perfusing method was used to separate hepatocytes from Wistar rat liver. The separated hepatocytes were purified with Percoll density gradient centrifugation and encapsulated by the alginate-barium method. Then the purified hepatocytes were transplanted into abdominal cavity of SD rats (group 1) and the encapsulated hepatocytes were transplanted into abdominal cavity of SD rats (group 2) and Wistar rats (group 3). At different time points post-transplantation, trypan blue stain exclusion was used to determine the viability of recovered hepatocytes. The histological changes of transplanted microencapsulated hepatocytes was examined using HE stain. Results　Twenty-four h after transplantation, the viability of hepatocytes between group 1 and group 2 showed significant difference (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between group 2 and group 3 (P>0.05). At day 4 and day 7 after transplantation, the viability of hepatocytes showed significant difference between group 1 and group 2, and group 2 and group 3 (P<0.01). At day 14 after transplantation, no significant difference was found in the viability of hepatocytes between group 2 and group 3 (P>0.05). From day 4 post-transplantation, fibrosis overgrowth was found around some microencapsules, and it was more obvious in group 2 than in group 3. Conclusions　 Microencapsulation can provide protection to transplanted hepatocytes from host immunorejection, and thus increase the viability of hepatocytes post transplantation. The existence of inadequately encapsulated microencapsule cause the fibrosis overgrowth around these capsules, resulting in ischemia and subsequent necrosis of the hepatocytes and decreasing hepatocyte viability.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of4major caffeine metabolites and to discuss the significance of which in the evaluation of the activity of drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP1A2.METHODS:The caffeine metabolites in the urine like5-acetylamino-6-formamido-3-methyluric acid(AFMU),1-methyluric acid(1U),1-methylxanthine(1X)and1,7-dimethyluricacid(17U)were determined by RP-HPLC gradient elution method,the ratios of metabolins(AFMU+1X+1U)/17U was calculated,the frequency distribution histogram was drawn and the activity of CYP1A2was evaluated.RESULTS:The mean value of the ratio of the metabolins in the subjects was4.27,which was in normal distribution.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate and rapid,which is suitable for the determination of caffeine metabolites in urine and the study of the activities of CYP1A2.

Objective To investigate the timing of endoscopic treatment for acute cholangitis of severe type(ACST) accompanying multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).Methods On the basis of routine medical measures,such as oxygen inhalation and antishock treatment,9 patients with ACST accompanying MODS were given endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) with endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST),or endoscopic nasobiliary drainage(ENBD) after needle electrode fenestration and stone removal with basket,or endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage(ERBD) with internal stent.Results The endoscopic treatment was successfully accomplished within 35 min in all the 9 patients.Seven patients at stage 1~2 of MODS rehabilitated at 1~2 weeks after treatment,while 2 patients at stage 3 of MODS died in 2 weeks.Conclusions Endoscopic treatment should be applied to patients with ACST at stage 1~2 of MODS as early as possible.For patients with ACST at stage 3~4 of MODS,however,emphasis should be laid on the prevention of organ failure and the reversion of organ functions.

0 05); the increased degree of only AST activity reduced in PE group(P

ObjectiveTo observe the e ff ect of NO precursor or/and NOS inhibitor on the survival of acute liver failure( ALF) rats.MethodsModel of ALF rat was established by resecting 90% of the rat liver and the effect of NO prec ursor or/and NOS inhibitor was observed.Resu ltsAdministration of NO precursor significantly improved the liver, lung, kidney and bowel function. The rats′ survival rate at 24 h, and 72 h increased significantly, whereas NOS inhibitor deteriorated fu nctions of important organs(P

Research on osteoporosis diagnosis has always been a critical isuue in the field of international academia and medicine. Recent progress in quantitative ultrasound (QUS) has suggested that ultrasound, due to its obvious advantages, be considered as an effective and noninvasive tool for assessment of bone status and diagnosis of osteoporosis. This paper presents the principle and recent development in the ultrasonic assessment of bone status and osteoporosis including assessment with through-transmission and backscattering measurement, and also introduces the latest progress in ultrasonic axial transmission technique.Limitations of current research are discussed and suggestions are proposed for future research.

Objective To investigate the expressions of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and transcription factor forkhead box P3(FOXP3)in gallbladder adenocarcinoma; and to evaluate the relationship between the expressions of IDO and FOXP3 protein,and clinicopathology and lymph node metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma.Methods The expressions of IDO and FOXP3 in 51 cases of primary gallbladder cancer,90 cases of chronic cholecystitis,and 20 cases of normal gallbladder tissues were studied by immunohistochemical staining. Results The positive expression rates of IDO and FOXP3 in gallbladder carcinoma were 72.5％ (37/51) and 60.8％ (31/51),in normal gallbladder mucosa were 5％ (1/20) and 20.0％ (4/20),in cholecystitis and gallstone were 11.1％ (10/90) and 32.2％ (29/90),respectively.There were significant differences among the three groups in IDO and FOXP3 expressions (P＜0.01).The positive expression rates of IDO and FOXP3 were 7.1％ and 14.3％ for simple hyperplasia,17.7％ and 35.3％ for atypical hyperplasia,40％ and 35％ for gallbladder carcinoma (stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ),and 77.4％ and 64.5％ for gallbladder carcinoma (stages Ⅳ-Ⅴ ).There were significant differences among the four groups in IDO and FOXP3 expressions (P＜0.01).There were significant differences among the Nevin stage groups,lymph node metastasis group and gallbladder stone in IDO and FOXP3 expressions.However,there were no significant differences among the sex groups and the age groups in IDO and FOXP3 expressions (P＞0.05).In gallbladder carcinoma,the expression of IDO had a positive correlation with FOXP3 expression in lymphocyte (γ=0.406,P=0.003).Conclusion In gallbladder cancer,a high-expression of IDO and an expression of FOXP3 in lymphocyte are closely related with immune tolerance of gallbladder carcinoma.The results provide a reference for clinical use of immunotherapy in gallbladder cancer.

Objective To evaluate the effects of recombinant lentivirus encoding human apM1 gene ( LentiapM1-EGFP) on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induced human mesangial cell (HMC) proliferation and intracellular AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) signaling pathway.Methods Protein expression of apM1 in cell culture supernatant of HMC transfected with Lenti-apM1-EGFP was detected by ELISA.The effect of human adiponectin on cell proliferation and cell cycle was assessed by [ 3 H ] thymidine incorporation assay and Flow cytometry respectively.The phosphorylation of AMPK was detected by Western blotting.Results Lenti-apM1-EGFP had no significant toxicity on HMC.The 50 multiplicity of infection (MOI) of the Lenti-apM1-EGFP efficiently infected HMC,and made it stable expression of adiponectin protein ( 149.6 ± 12.8 ) μg/L.PDGF-induced HMCs proliferation was significantly inhibited by adiponectin.When co-treatment with compound C,an AMPK inhibitor,the inhibitory effort was reversed.The phosphorylation level of AMPK was increased in HMC transfected Lenti-apM1-EGFP compared to that of control.Conclusions Adiponectin antagonizes stimulatory effect of platelet-derived growth factor on mesangial cell proliferation by AMPK signaling.

Objective To explore the correlation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with risk factors and target organ damage in hypertensive patients.Methods The levels of serum hs-CRP of 216 hypertensive cases (hypertension group) and 36 healthy subjects (control group) were tested and compared among different associated diseases, the number of involved target organ and the difference of involved target organ.The relativity between variables such as total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and so on and hs-CRP was analyzed by linear correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Results The levels of serum hs-CRP in hypertension group were higher than those in control group[( 1.99 ± 0.34) mg/L vs.( 1.10 ± 0.26 ) mg/L](P ＜ 0.01 ).The levels of serum hs-CRP in hypertension combined with coronarv disease and hvoertension combined with diabetes mellitus[(2.39 ± 0.24), (2.10 ± 0.18 ) mg/L, respectively]were higher than those in simple hypertension[( 1.85 ± 0.30 ) mg/L], and the levels of serum hs-CRP in hypertension combined with coronary disease were higher than those in hypertension combined with diabetes mellitus, and there were significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 ).The levels of serum hs-CRP were positively correlated with the number of involved target organ (r =0.747,P ＜0.01 ).There were significant differences among different associated diseases.The levels of serum hs-CRP in hypertension combined with left ventricle thickening were higher than those in hypertension combined with carotid atherosclerosis, renal damage and diabetic retinopathy,and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in the level of serum hs-CRP between hypertension combined with carotid atherosclerosis and hypertension combined with renal damage (P ＞ 0.05 ).Stepwise regression analysis showed that the dominating factors of the level of serum hs-CRP were LVMI, age and HDL-C, and the level of hs-CRP showed negative correlation with HDL-C.Conclusions The levels of serum hs-CRP in hypertensive patients are higher than those in healthy subjects.The more number of involved target organ, the higher levels of serum hs-CRP.Patients with different involved target organ have different inflammatory degree.The levels of serum hs-CRP in hypertension combined with coronary disease are higher than those in hypertension combined with diabetes mellitus.Stepwise regression analysis shows that the dominating factors for hs-CRP levels are LVMI, HDL-C and age.