OBJECTIVETo explore the effect and mechanism of cinnabaris and realgar in promoting awake effect of endotoxin- induced brain injury rat applied with Angong Niuhuang Wan.

METHODNormal rats implanted cortical electrode in advance were divided into 6 groups: control, model, the Angong Niuhuang Wan (AGNH, 0.4, 0.2 g · kg(-1)), the Angong Niuhuang Wan without cinnabaris and realgar (QZX-AGNH, 0.32, 0.16 g · kg(-1)). Rats in the control and model groups were given distilled water. After three days of intragastric administration, the brain injury model was injected with endotoxin through tail vein. Then trace electro-corticogram (EcoG) 1-6 h after LPS injection, and compare the power and relative power of beta (β) and delta-waves (δ) at 6 h of these groups. The content of acetylcholine (Ach) and the affinity of M-receptor (M-R) in cortex and brainstem were detected by alkaline hydroxylamine colorimetric method and radioactive ligand binding assay, respectively.

RESULTAGNH (0.4, 0.2 g · kg(-1)) could increase the power and relative power of β and AGNH (0.4 g · kg(-1)) showed better action on brain electrical activation. QZX-AGNH showed weak effect on it. AGNH (0.4 g · kg(-1)) could increase the affinity of M-R in cortex and the content of Ach in brainstem. The action of QZX-AGNH was not obvious.

CONCLUSIONIn endotoxin-induced brain injury rats, AGNH can raise the cholinergic system function of cortex, and strengthen the uplink of cortex activation of brainstem cholinergic system, improve the level of cortical activity and enhance the activation of EcoG to promote the body's awakening. QZX-AGNH show weak effect. Cinnabaris and realgar play an important role in promoting awake effect in endotoxin-induced brain injury applied with Angong Niuhuang Wan. The mechanism may be related to cortical and brainstem cholinergic system function.

Animals ; Brain Injuries ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Endotoxins ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adult ; Arsenic Poisoning ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organotin Compounds ; poisoning ; Water Pollution ; Young Adult

Adult ; Ergonomics ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDHigh uric acid (UA) levels and metabolic syndrome (MS) are risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a valid and reproducible measurement by which to assess arterial stiffness and a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the relationship between them, especially in elderly Chinese with MS components who are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases.

METHODSOne thousand and twenty Chinese subjects (159 women) older than 60 years of age (mean age (70.6 ± 5.7) years) with at least one MS component underwent routine laboratory tests, and baPWV measurements were analyzed.

RESULTSParticipants were divided into four groups by MS components. The mean age did not significantly differ among the MS component groups. We found that not only the diagnostic factors (blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), lipids, glucose) of MS but also baPWV, UA, insulin, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistence index (HOMAIR) levels increased, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-C decreased with an increased number of MS components (test for trend P < 0.05). The association between UA and baPWV was observed after adjustment for gender, age, blood pressure, BMI, serum creatinine and high density lipoprotein, and insulin resistance (r = 0.186, P < 0.0001). There were increases in the odds ratios for the association between the number of components of MS, UA and baPWV, even after adjustment for traditional risk factors. However, after adjustment for insulin or HOMA-IR, there were no significant differences in the multivariate odds ratios among the number of MS components for UA.

CONCLUSIONSThe UA level is positively associated with baPWV and MS, but the association between UA and MS is dependent on insulin resistance. Furthermore, baPWV is independently associated with MS in our study population.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Mass Index ; Brachial Artery ; physiopathology ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Uric Acid ; blood ; Vascular Stiffness ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of Qilong capsule (QLC) on the hemoreology in acute stress blood stasis model rats.

METHODThe model of acute stress blood stasis rats were induced by putting the rats into ice-water between hyodermic epinephrine twice of 1 mg x kg(-1). With the models, the effect of QLC on hemoreology such as whole blood viscosity, whole blood reduction viscosity, plasma viscosity, haematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte deformation and erythrocyte aggregation were observed.

RESULTQLC 0.6, 0.3, 0.15 g x kg(-1) could significantly reduce the increase of whole blood viscosity at high-middle-low shear rate, reduce the whole blood reduction viscosity at middle-low shear rate, reduce Hct and erythrocyte aggregation, and increase the erythrocyte deformation in acute stress blood stasis rats (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, compared with vehicle). QLC 0.6, 0.3 g x kg(-1) could also reduce plasma viscosity (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, compared with vehicle).

CONCLUSIONQLC can significantly improve some indexes of hemoreology in acute stress blood stasis rats.

Animals ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Blood Viscosity ; drug effects ; Capsules ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Erythrocyte Aggregation ; drug effects ; Erythrocyte Deformability ; drug effects ; Hemorheology ; drug effects ; Hemostasis ; drug effects ; Male ; Materia Medica ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Oligochaeta ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Stress, Physiological ; physiopathology

Objective To evaluate the effects of sevoflurane on the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in rats and the role of hippocampal glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3β).Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,aged 2 months,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 each):control group (group C) ; PTSD group (group P) ; sevoflurane group (group S) ; lithium chloride (LiC1) + sevoflurane group (group LS).Establishment of PTSD model:the rats received 15 footshocks (1 mA,1 s shocks with a variable intershock interval of 240-480 s) in room A on the first day.On the second day,the rats received 1 footshock after an adaptation of 192 s in room B where its context was completely different from room A,and then they were removed from room B 32 s later.The rats were placed in room B and observed for 512 s on the third day.Group C did not receive any treatment on the first day in room A,while the other three groups received 15 footshocks in room A.In addition,0.8％ sevoflurane was administrated while training in group S,and group LS received intraperitoneal LiCl 100 mg/kg at 30 min before entering room A,and then the other treatments were similar to those previously described in group S.The ratio of freezing was recorded in room B on the second and third days.Four rats in each group were randomly sacrificed at 2 h after training in room A on the first day and their hippocampal tissues were taken to detect the expression of GSK-3β and phosphorylated GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β).Results Compared with group C,the ratio of freezing was significantly increased on the third day and the p-GSK-3β expression was up-regulated in P and LS groups,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group S.Compared with group P,the ratio of freezing was significantly decreased on the third day and the p-GSK-3β expression was down-regulated in group S,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group LS.Compared with group S,the ratio of freezing was significantly increased on the third day and the p-GSK-3β expression was up-regulated in group LS.There was no significant difference in the ratio of freezing on the second day and expression of p-GSK-3β between the four groups.Conclusion Sevoflurane can inhibit the development of PTSD in rats,and enhancement of hippocampal GSK-3β activity may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To investigate the effect on the miemvnscular density(MVD)and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in VX2 tumor after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)combined with endostatin.Methods The VX2 tumor model wag established.The rabbits bearing tunlor were randomly divided into three groups as the control group.TACE group and TACE combined with endostatin group.with 10 rabbits in each group.In the control group,normal saline was administered via the hepatic artery.In the TACE group,lipiodol(0.2 ml/kg)and ADM(2.g/kg)were administered.Lipiodol(0.2 ml/kg),ADM(2 mg/kg)and endostatin(2 mg/kg)were administered for each rabbit in the TACE combined with endostatin group.Seven days after operation,the rabbits were sacrificed and the tumors were removed.Immunohistochemistry wag performed to demonstrate the expression of VEGF and the MVD wag caleulated.The ANOVA wag used for statistics.Results The average absorbance values of VEGF were 0.130±0.038.0.200±0.049 and 0.120±0.047 respectively for the 3 groups.There was signiflcant difference among the three groups(F=9.42,P＜0.01).rnle expression of VEGF in the TACE group was the hiShest among the 3 groups.Compared with the otIler two groups,there had signifieant differences(q=4.93,5.63,P＜0.01).The average absorbance value of the TACE combined with endostatin group was lower than that of control group,but there was no significant difference between them(q=0.70,P＞0.05).The values of MVD were(80±17),(84±16)and(57±13)/HPF for the 3 groups respectivelv.There wag significant difference among them(F=8.70,P＜0.01).111e value of MVD in the TACE combined with endestatin group was the lowest, and there were significant differences when compared with the control group (q=4.63, P＜0.01) and the TACE group (q =5.48, P＜0.01).There was no significant difference between the control group and the TACE group (q = 0.85, P ＞ 0.05) in MVD.Conclusion Compared with chemoembolization only, ehemoembolization combined with endostatin can significantly depress the expression of VEGF and decrease the angiogenesis of the tumor.The combined method has a beneficial effect on prognosis of hepatic tumor.

Objective:To investigate the significance of metronomic therapy against Helicobacter pylori (HP) in the prevention of delayed emesis caused by chemotherapy of gastric cancer compared with the routine therapy. Methods:HP infection was confirmed by carbon 14 breath test in 69 patients. Combined chemotherapy was employed for the first time in the patients, who were divided into groups A and B. Metronomic therapy was administered to group A (n=33). Briefly, triplex medication against Helicobacter bacil i triplex was oral y ad-ministered:20 mg of omeprazole and 0.5 g of amoxicillin twice daily, with 200 mg of tinidazole once daily. Oral administration in group A was performed for 14 days from the start of chemotherapy. Simultaneously, 5-HT3 antagonists were applied. By contrast, group B (n=36) was treated with the oral triplex medication against Helicobacter bacilli:20 mg of omeprazole and 1 g of amoxicillin twice daily, with 400 mg of tinidazole once daily. Oral administration in group B was performed for 7 days from the beginning of chemotherapy with simultaneous application of 5-HT3 antagonists. Both groups were simultaneously treated with the 5-HT3 antagonist granisetron at 3 mg once daily during the administration of anti-HP therapy. HP infection was evaluated by immunohistochemistry before and after treatment. Results:The total effective rate for emesis in group A was 84.85%, which was significantly higher than that in group B (55.56%). Among the patients in group A, 15.15%demonstrated delayed emesis, compared with 44.44%of the patients in group B;the number of individuals was significantly lower in group A than in group B. The average number of chemotherapy cycles in group A was significantly higher than that in group B at 3.1 cycles;the difference between groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, the HP infection in group B was significantly lower than that in group A (P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with one week of treatment with the conventional dose, two weeks of low-dose metronomic therapy against HP during chemotherapy can significantly reduce chemotherapy induced delayed emesis and can significantly reduce the degree of HP infection in patients with gastric cancer with HP infection.

Objective: To explore the structural and functional changes of femoral and popliteal arteries in hypertension patients before and after drug therapy. Methods: A total of 201 hypertension patients treated in our hospital from 2010-03 to 2016-01 were studied. Based on blood pressure levels, the patients were divided into 3 groups: Grade-1 group,n=72, Grade-2 Group,n=68 and Grade-3 group,n=61. The patients were treated for 3 months and blood pressure was reduced below 140/90 mmHg. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of femoral and popliteal arteries was measured by two-dimensional ultrasound, blood vessel elasticity parameters of β, Ep, AC and PWV were determined by ET technology. The differences were compared between pre- and post-medication. Results: Compared with pre-medication, post-medication IMT in femoral artery was decreased in 3 groups, allP<0.05 and IMT in popliteal artery was similar,P>0.05; blood vessel elasticity parameters of β, Ep, PWV were decreased in 3 groups and AC was increased, allP<0.05. Conclusion: Drug therapy could effectively improve the elasticity of femoral and popliteal arteries in hypertension patients; two-dimensional ultrasound combining ET technology may dynamically monitor vascular elasticity of lower extremity which provides an objective basis for evaluating medication efifcacy in clinical practice.

This study aims to analyse the value of CODEHOP RT-PCR in the detection of Flavivirus. According to the amino acid sequences of polyproteins of different flaviviruses published in GenBank, a pair of primers was designed using the CODEHOP method. One-step RT-PCR was used to detect Japanese encephalitis virus strain JEV1201, Dengue virus strain JKD001, and yellow fever virus vaccine YV6161. BLAST analysis and phylogenetic analysis were performed after the RT-PCR products of nucleocapsid genes were sequenced. The results showed that this method could amplify Flavivirus specifically, and the size and sequence of the target fragment accorded with the anticipated result. JEV1201 had the highest homology to Japanese encephalitis virus strain YL2009-4/YC2009-3, belonging to the branch of the phylogenetic tree of Japanese encephalitis virus strains. JKD001 had the highest homology to Dengue virus strain DENV-2/ID/1022DN/1975, belonging to the branch of the phylogenetic tree of Dengue virus strains. YV6161 had the highest homology to Yellow fever virus strain 17D, belonging to the branch of the phylogenetic tree of Yellow fever virus strains. In conclusion, the method of CODEHOP RT-PCR can be effectively used to detect, identify, and phylogenetically analyse Flavivirus.
DNA Primers ; genetics ; Flavivirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Flavivirus Infections ; virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; genetics