Adult ; Coal Mining ; Cognition Disorders ; etiology ; Explosions ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Survivors ; Young Adult

?AlM: To investigate the outcome and safety of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation treatment in uncontrolled primary congenital glaucoma ( PCG) .
? METHODS: Twenty - two eyes in 22 children with uncontrolled PCG were reviewed retrospectively and underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation treatment from January 2011 to December 2014. Main checking index included intraocular pressure ( lOP ) before and after operation, corneal diameter and complications.
?RESULTS: Preoperative mean age was 3. 74±2. 24y, and 2. 59 ± 1. 78y apart from the last operation. Postoperative average lOP was 35. 22 ± 6. 36mmHg. Average corneal diameter was 12. 79 ± 0. 75mm. Mitomycin C ( 0. 3 - 0. 5mg/mL ) was used in all operations for 3-5min. Glaucoma valves were implanted in the temporal or nose above the equator sclera. Postoperative lOP was 11. 4±4. 45mmHg at 1wk, and 16. 73± 7. 23mmHg after 12mo. As lOP< 21mmHg for success criteria, lOP of 16 eyes ( 73%) were controlled after 12mo. Preoperative 6 cases had shallow anterior chamber, recovered spontaneously. No serious complication was recorded, such as rejection of glaucoma valve, endoophthalmitis and corneal decompensation.
?CONCLUSlON:Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in uncontrolled PCG is a safe and viable treatment.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcium ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; Jejunum ; Mice

To explore possible factors that affecting patients with acute stroke seeking for acupuncture treatment by questionnaire survey. The average age of the 202 patients was 63.14. Before the survey, only 66 patients had received acupuncture treatment, and 136 patients did not consider accepting acupuncture treatment. After the survey, there were more patients want to accept acupuncture treatment (P < 0.05). Patients expressed three major opinions about acupuncture, i.e., lack of knowledge of acupuncture, analgesia after needling, and slow effectiveness. Patients lack awareness of acupuncture and cultural identity. Therefore, it is urgent to promote awareness of acupuncture, strengthen culture identity which will facilitate the development of acupuncture.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Huperzine A is a potent,reversible,and blood-brain barrier permeable acetylcholinesterase irhibitor.The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics,tolerability,and bioavailability of two formulations with the established reference formulation of huperzine A in a fasting,healthy Chinese male population.This was a randomized,single-dose,3-period,6-sequence crossover study.The plasma concentrations of huperzine A were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Tolerability was assessed based on subject interview,vital sign monitoring,physical examination,and routine blood and urine tests.The mean (SD) pharmacokinetic parameters of the reference drug were Cmax,1.550 (0.528) ng/mL;t1/2,12.092 (1.898) h;AUC0-72h,17.550 (3.794) ng.h/mL.Those of the test formulation A and test formulation B were Cmax,1.412 (0.467),1.521 (0.608) ng/mL;t1/2,12.073 (2.068),12.271 (1.678) h;AUC0-72h,15.286 (3.434) ng.h/mL,15.673 (3.586) ng.h/mL.The 90％ confidence intervals for the AUC0-72h and Cmax were between 0.80 and 1.25.No adverse events were reported by the subjects or found with results of clinical laboratory test.The test and reference products met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence in these fasting,healthy Chinese male volunteers.All three formulations appeared to be well tolerated.

Phytochemical investigation was carried out on the seeds of Vigna umbellata. The 70% ethanol extract of the seeds of V. umbellata was subjected to silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatographies and preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopic data Eight compounds were obtained and identified as carboxyatractyligenin (1), 2beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-15alpha-hydroxy-kaur-16-ene-18,19-dicarboxylic acid (2), 2beta-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl) atractyligenin (3), 3R-O-[beta-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-6) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl] oct-1-ene-3-ol (4), (6S, 7E, 9R) -roseoside (5), liriodendrin (6), resveratrol (7) and maltol (8). Compounds 1-7 were isolated from Vigna genus for the first time, and compound 8 was isolated from V. umbellata for the first time.
Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry

[Objective] To investigate the awareness of healthy lifestyle content among residents in Shanghai and to provide basis for future efforts . [ Methods] Stratified random sampling covered all 18 districts in Shanghai .A total of 8548 participants were recruited and questionnaire with them was completed by face to face interview. [Results] Among Shanghai residents aged 18-69 years, 67.8%of them had awareness of all five items of healthy lifestyle content .And 94.6%, 92.3%, 80.7%, 77.3%, and 81 .7%of them respectively had awareness of balanced diet , regular exercise , no smoking , no alcohol a-buse, and keeping mental balance .Analysis of Logistic regression showed that gender , age, area of resi-dence, and education level were factors influencing awareness rates mentioned above . [ Conclusion] The information about healthy lifestyle content was effectively spread by various departments concerned and the Shanghai government .And the above results suggest that specific information spread for different demo-graphic characteristics of different populations is beneficial for future improvement of healthy knowledge a -mong them.

Members of the genus Anaplasma are important emerging tick-borne pathogens in both humans and animals in tropical and subtropical areas. Here, we investigated the presence of Anaplasma spp. in 621 sheep and 710 goats from six provinces of China. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were conducted to determine the prevalence of Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum, A. ovis and A. bovis targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA or the major surface protein 4 gene. PCR revealed Anaplasma in 39.0% (240/621) of sheep and 45.5% (323/710) of goats. The most frequently detected species was A. ovis (88/621, 14.2% for sheep; 129/710, 18.2% for goats), followed by A. bovis (60/621, 9.7% for sheep; 74/710, 10.4% for goats) and A. phagocytophilum (33/621, 5.3% for sheep; 15/710, 2.1% for goats). Additionally, eight sheep and 20 goats were found to be infected with three pathogens simultaneously. DNA sequencing confirmed the presence of these three Anaplasma species in the investigated areas, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that there was geographic segregation to a certain extent, as well as a relationship between the host and cluster of A. ovis. The results of the present study provide valuable data that helps understand the epidemiology of anaplasmosis in ruminants from China.
Anaplasma ovis ; Anaplasma phagocytophilum ; Anaplasma* ; Anaplasmosis ; Animals ; China* ; Epidemiology ; Goats* ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Ruminants ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sheep*

Objective To determine the efficacy ofantiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on prevention of epilepsy after craniocerebral injury. Methods Related articles searched from the databases such as PubMed, Ovid, Springer, VP and CNKI were collected and strictly evaluated; 21 articles were finally selected. Whether pretreatment with AEDs played its role in epilepsy appeared in the early/late stages was discussed with Meta-analysis; the influences of different craniocerebral injury types (resulting from trauma or surgery) on the efficacy of anti-epilepsy prophylaxis, and the mortality rate of the patients performed pretreatment were analyzed with Meta-analysis. Results Pretreatment withAEDs could significantly improve the results (OR=0.66, Z=4.31, P=0.000); pretreatment with AEDs obviously decreased the rate of epilepsy appeared in the early stage (OR=0.48, Z=3.980, P=0.000), but did not statistically decrease the rate of epilepsy appeared in the late stage (OR=1.05, Z=0.310, P=0.760);pretreatment with diphenylhydantoin (OR=0.53) was more effective on epilepsy appeared in the early stage than pretreatment with carbamazepine (OR=0.40). Pretreatment with AEDs was all-effective considering different craniocerebral injury types resulting from trauma (OR=0.48) and surgery (OR=0.69). No significant differences were noted on the mortality rate of patients performed pretreatment and without pretreatment (OR=0.82, Z=0.920, P=0.360). Conclusion The inception rate of epilepsy can be decreased remarkably after anti-epilepsy prophylaxis with AEDs in patients after craniocerebral injury,and diphenylhydantoin has a better effect for epilepsy appeared in the early stage. No reasonable differences between various kinds of AEDs on epilepsy appeared in the late stage are noted. Pretreatment with AEDs enjoys a good result in both post-traumatic brain injury and craniotomy. Pretreatment can not affect the mortality rate of the patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protein levels of phospho-ERK and phospho-APE/Ref-1 in hippocampal neurons after global cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats, and observe the relationship between transmembrane signal transduction and repair of DNA damage. The role of ERK signal transduction pathway following global cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats is further discussed.

METHODSNinety healthy male SD rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: Sham group (S group), Ischemia reperfusion group (IR group) and Pd98059 pretreatment/ischemia reperfusion group (PD group). Global cerebral ischemia reperfusion model was established by four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method, and reperfusion was performed 5 minutes following ischemia. Protein levels of phospho-ERK and phospho-APE/Ref-1 were detected using immunohistochemical method at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after reperfusion, and neuron apoptosis was observed by HE and TUNEL staining.

RESULTSIn CA1 region of IR group, TUNEL positive cells began to appear at 6 h after IR, and reached the apex during 24 h to 48 h. However, TUNEL positive was most strongly exhibited in PD group. In IR group, phospho-ERK was obviously detected in CA3 region at 2 h after IR, and its level was gradually decreased from 6 h until totally absent at 48 h. Besides, phospho-ERK expression in PD group was weaker than that in IR group. For phospho-APE/Ref-1, its expression began to appear in CA1 region in IR group at 2 h after IR, with no obvious changes during 2 h to 12 h. Phospho-APE/Ref-1 expression began to decrease at 24 h and this decrease continued thereafter. Expression level of phospho-APE/Ref-1 in PD group was lower than that in IR group. Results showed the concurrence of decreased phospho-ERK expression level and increased neuron apoptosis after cerebral ischemia reperfusion, the former of which was consistent with the decrease of phospho-APE/Ref-1 expression. Also, the greater the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation was, the greater decrease of APE/Ref-1 expression occurred.

CONCLUSIONActivation of ERK signal transduction pathway increased the expression of phospho-APE/Ref-1, and thus faciliated the repair of DNA damage. So, activation of ERK signal transduction pathway may protect neurons from apoptosis after cerebral ischemia reperfusion.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; pathology ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; DNA Repair ; physiology ; DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; metabolism ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; methods ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion ; adverse effects ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; physiology ; Time Factors