Chromium ; toxicity ; DNA Methylation ; drug effects ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans

Cells, Cultured ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Male ; Micronucleus Tests ; Vincristine ; toxicity

Mutagenicity Tests ; methods ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects

Cytokinesis ; Micronucleus Tests

0.05).Conclusion DTI can noninvasive detect the potential disorder of corpus eallosum in vivo,thus providing useful information to differentiate the cerebral ischemia disease from multiple sclerosis.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of motor imagery therapy in treating neurogenic bladder dysfunction after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Seventy patients with neurogenic bladder control problems after SCI were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table.All patients of the two groups were given general bladder function intervention,including intermittent catheterization,inducing voiding by reflex detrusor contraction,Credé's maneuver urination,etc.Additionally,the patients in the experimental group were given supplemental motor imagery therapy.The times of urinary incontinence,average bladder capacity,maximum voided volume and residual urine volume of the two groups were measured before treatment and at 2 months after treatment.The two groups' outcomes were quantified using a quality of life (QOL) score.Results Incidents of urinary incontinence,average bladder capacity,residual urine volume,voided volume and the QOL score showed significant improvements in both groups,but the experimental group showed better improvements than the control group.The differences were statistically significant.Conclusion The combination of general bladder function intervention with motor imagery therapy can improve the voiding function of patients with neurogenic bladder disorders after SCI more significantly and enhance their QOL.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of histone deacetylation 6 (HDAC6) siRNA on the growth of xenografted human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line Hep-2 in nude mice and underlying mechanism.

METHODSLaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line Hep-2 cells were subcutaneously injected to the back of nude mice and transplanted tumor model was established after one week. Nude mice was divided into three groups including blank control group, empty vector group and HDAC6 siRNA group, and the tumor growth was observed. Ki-67 proliferation index was detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blot, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of HDAC6 in xenograft. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were examined by Western blotting. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.

RESULTSThe mean volume of xenograft transfected with HDAC6 siRNA was less than that of xenograft transfected with empty vector or that of xenograft with blank control treatment (P < 0.05). HDAC6 siRNA effectively down-regulated the expressions of HDAC6 mRNA and the expressions of HDAC6 and Bcl-2 proteins, but up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 protein in xenografts, with significant differences (all P < 0.05). The proliferation index of Ki-67 in HDAC6 siRNA transfection group was significantly lower than that in blank control group or empty vector group (P < 0.05). TUNEL assay demonstrated that HDAC6 evidently evoked cell apoptosis (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHDAC6 siRNA could effectively inhibited the growth of xenografted human laryngeal carcinoma cell line Hep-2 in nude mice, down-regulate the expressions of HDAC6 and bcl-2, and up-regulate the expression of bax.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Histone Deacetylase 6 ; Histone Deacetylases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo analyze the treatment strategies and prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary site (SCCUP).

METHODSA total of 125 cases with SCCUP was retrospectively analyzed from January 2001 to December 2011. Ninety-seven of the cases were treated with neck dissection (ND), including 24 with classic radical ND, 62 with modified ND and 11 with extended radical ND. Of 125 cases with SCCUP, 72 cases were supplemented with radiotherapy and 52 cases with chemotherapy. Radiotherapy was applied with extensive field in 36 cases, bilateral neck in 15 cases, and ipsilateral neck in 21 cases. The patients were followed up and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival curves. Cox's analysis and logistic regression were used to evaluate the prognosis factors for SCCUP.

RESULTSThe 5-year overall survival rate and disease free survival rate of the cohort were 66.2% and 60.0%, respectively. The median survival time was 70 months. Cox's analysis showed N-stage, extracapsular spread, bilateral neck metastasis and ND were independent prognostic factors for SCCUP. Logistic regression suggested that N-stage was the main factor for nodal recurrence or uncontrolled. The primary tumor sites emerged in 27 patients (21.6%) within 3 - 96 months after treatment (median time was 15 months), but only 4 patients (11.1%) existed in 36 cases underwent radiotherapy with extensive field.

CONCLUSIONSN-stage and extracapsular spread are two major factors influencing the prognosis of SCCUP. ND may improve the locoregional control and long-term survival.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; secondary ; surgery ; therapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

Objective: To explore the correlation between menopausal hormone therapy（MHT）and breast lesions in perimenopausal women,and to provide evidence for safe use of MHT. Methods: The 40-60 year-old women who visited Hangzhou Women's Hospital and met the diagnostic criteria for perimenopausal syndrome were recruited. The intervention group received MHT and was divided into three subgroups according to the MHT regimen：estrogen-progesterone cycle therapy（A）,estrogen-progesterone continuous therapy（B）,estrogen therapy（C）. The control group did not receive MHT. All the patients received regular mammography to quantify and evaluate breast lesions. The generalized estimating equation was used to analyze the changes of breast lesions between different groups. Results: There were 80 cases in the intervention group,with 49 in group A,26 in group B,5 in group C,and 80 cases in the control group. After two years of follow-up,there was no statistically significant differences of time,group and interaction in breast density,volume of breast fibrous tissue and the volume of breast between three intervention groups and the control group（P>0.05）; there was no statistically significant differences of group and interaction in positive rate of calcification and breast mass between the intervention group and the control group（P>0.05）. Conclusion Receiving MHT intervention for two years did not increase the risk of breast lesions.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of small interfere RNA (siRNA) targeting the c-myc in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) on the growth of Hep-2 cells in vitro and in vivo.

METHODSHep-2 cells transfected with or without c-myc siRNA were treated with 5-Fu for 48 h. C-myc protein levels in Hep-2 cells were detected using the Western blot. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Hep-2 cells were subcutaneously inoculated into the back of BALB/c nude mice to establish the implanted laryngeal squamous carcinoma model. PBS, c-myc siRNA, and 5-Fu, alone or in combinations were administered i.p. The mice were sacrificed after the treatments and the tumor masses were removed to determine the tumor volume and weight. The inhibitory rate was calculated. Expression of c-myc in tumor tissue was detected by immunocytochemistry and cell apoptosis was analyzed by terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).

RESULTSThe protein levels of c-myc decreased after transfected with c-myc siRNA. C-myc siRNA-transfected cells showed an increase in the percentage of cells in the GO-G1 phase and a decrease in the percentage of cells in the S phase. When combined with 5-Fu, the results were improved. The tumor growth was faster in the control group and was significantly slower in the c-myc siRNA plus 5-Fu group than that in the c-myc siRNA group or 5-Fu group (P < 0.05). The tumor weight in the c-myc siRNA plus 5-Fu group was significantly smaller than that in the c-myc siRNA or 5-Fu group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that c-myc siRNA inhibited the expression of c-myc in tumor tissues in the c-myc siRNA group and c-myc siRNA plus 5-Fu group (P < 0.05). The number of apoptotic cells in the c-myc siRNA plus 5-Fu group was higher than those in the c-myc siRNA groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSC-myc siRNA inhibits the expression of c-myc in Hep-2 cells and in the tumor tissues of nude mice. C-myc siRNA combined with 5-Fu inhibits the growth of implanted laryngeal squamous carcinoma and promotes cell apoptosis. C-myc could become a novel target for the treatment of laryngeal squamous carcinoma.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; pharmacology ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection