Objective To apply a complete evaluation system for clinical teaching quality and improve the objective and method of the quality control of clinical teaching procedure. Methods Clinical teachers and staff from four clinical medical colleges(Ruijin,the Sixth,the Ninth,and Tongji) were investigated.The data of their cognition about clinical teaching,weakness in teaching procedure,situation,and quantity and quality control of clinical teaching were collected and analyzed. Results The appraisal system for clinical teaching quality was established in all four clinical medical colleges.The improvement was required in evaluation of executive supervision of the present system.The quality control about clinical ability teaching was the key point to perfect the system. Conclusion It is necessary to further discuss consummation of system,establishment of evaluation method and standard so as to perfect the evaluation system of clinical teaching.We should begin with the weakest procedure,and then improve the present condition step by step.

Objective To explore the effect of psoralen on topoisomerase IIα(TopoIIα) expression of breast cancer stem cells.Methods CD44+CD24-/low breast cancer stem cells were sorted from MCF-7/ADR by magnetic-activated cell sorting(MACS).We observed the growth characteristics of these stem cells through optical microscope and detected the growth-inhibitory effects of psoralen on breast cancer stem cells by CCK-8 assay and IC50 of adriamycin and adriamycin combined with psoralen to calculate the reversal index.The mRNA and protein expressions of Topo IIα were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.Results Under the optical microscope, breast cancer stem cells presented spheres.IC10 and IC20 of psoralen on breast cancer stem cells were (6.77±0.23)μg/mL and (10.36±0.21)μg/mL.IC50 of adriamycin and adriamycin combined with psoralen on breast cancer stem cells was (90.03±3.56)μg/mL and (21.47±0.82)μg/mL, the reversal index was 4.19.Psoralen significantly raised the expressions of Topo Ⅱα at mRNA and protein levels.Conclusion Psoralen reversed the resistance of adriamycin by increasing the gene and protein expressions of breast cancer stem cells Topo Ⅱα and the drug targets.

Objective To investigate the preference of the postgraduates in school for work and their psychological changes based on the analysis of the employment status of postgraduates majoring in clinical science of stomatology in Anhui medical university in recent five years in an aim to provide preemployment counseling.Methods The employment status of postgraduates majoring in clinical science of stomatology in affiiated stomatological hospital of Anhui medical university in recent five years (2006 -2010) was summed up.Questionnaire of employment preference and the psychological pressure was conducted in 66 postgraduates majoring in clinical science of stomatology (2008 -2010 grade).Results The employment rate of provincial first-class hospitals was obviously decreased in the recent five years while that of municipal first-class hospitals was increased gradually.The number of postgraduates willing to work in the municipal first-class hospitals was reduced while that willing to future their study and work in the non first-class hospitals was increased.Psychological pressure was univcrsally existed in students and did not get released.Conelusion As the employment situation for postgraduates majoring in clinical science of stomatology changes,the preference for work and psychological pressure of the postgraduates also undergo corresponding changes.Targeted measures can be formulated to work out the problem based on the understanding of these changes.Meanwhile,adjustment should be made in the training methods and employment guidance for postgraduates majoring in clinieal science of stomatology.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of EGFR gene mutations among NSCLC patients in south of China and analyze the correlation between mutations and clinical features.Methods Specimens of lung cancer tissues were collected from 185 NSCIC patients in our hospital.DNA was extracted from specimens.Exon 18,19,20 and 21 of EGFR gene were amplified by FQ-PCR to be bi-directional sequenced.ResultsEGFR gene mutations in 62 (33.5％) of 185 NSCLC patients was identified in carcinoma tissues,of which,2cases,41cases,5 cases and 14 cases respectively located at exon 18,exon 19,exon 20 and exon 21.The mutation of Del L747 → P752 (P753S) ( proportion 8.1％ ),Del E746 → A750 ( proportion 45.1％ ) at exon 19 and L858R ( proportion 22.6％ ) at exon 21 were the predominant mutation in 16 kinds of mutations.Four cases of mutation at exon 19 got the different results in bi-directional sequencing.The silent mutation 2361G→A at exon 20 was observed (28.1％ ).The mutation rate in women was significantly higher than men (46.2％ vs 24.3％,x2 =9.670,P =0.002).Non-smokers had significantly higher mutation rate than smokers (41.4％ vs 17.1％,x2 =7.380,P =0.007) ; Adenocarcinoma patients had significantly higher mutation rate than squamous cell carcinoma (38.3％ vs 6.3％,x2 =6.426,P =0.011).Clinical stage Ⅲ patients had significantly lower mutation ratethan patients with stage Ⅱ orⅣ ( 10.8％ vs 53.8％,x2 =8.026,P =0.003 ;10.8％ vs 41.3％,x2 =9.518,P =0.002).No statistically significance correlation was found between the mutation ratio and age.ConclusionsEGFR gene mutation has a close relationship with females,non-smokers and adenocarcinoma.Most mutations occur in exon 19 and 20 among patients in south of China.

The combination use of dexamethasone and calcium gluconate can be applied to hypersensitivity. Severe hypokalemia is a usual complication of dexamethasone and calcium gluconate therapy, which occurs frequently with therapeutic use. Fatal cases, accidental and intentional, occur frequently in forensic practice. The current case report presented a 43-year-old man with diabetes mellitus with infection, to whom dexamethasone and calcium gluconate were administered in the private clinic. With the development of such clinical symptoms of severe hypokalemia as quadriplegia, he was confirmed to have severe hypokalemia through a biochemical test before dying of arrhythmia. And also it presented pathophysiologic mechanism underlying severe hypokalemia as well as suggestions for clinical practice regarding combination use of dexamethasone and calcium gluconate.
Adult ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects* ; Calcium Gluconate/adverse effects* ; Dexamethasone/adverse effects* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Hypokalemia/chemically induced* ; Male

Postmortem chemistry is becoming more and more essential in routine forensic pathology and has made considerable progress over the past years. Biochemical analyses of vitreous humor, blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid may provide important information in determining the cause of death or in elucidating forensic issues. Postmortem chemistry may be essential for the determination of cause of death when morphological methods (diabetes mellitus, alcoholic ketoacidosis and electrolytic disorders) cannot detect the pathophysiological changes involved in the death process. It can also provide many information in other forensic situations, including myocardial ischemia, sepsis, inflammation, infection, anaphylaxis and hormonal disturbances. The most recent relevant research advances on glucose metabolism, liver function, cardiac function, renal function, sepsis, inflammation, infection, anaphylaxis and hormonal aspect are hereby reviewed.
Anaphylaxis ; Autopsy/trends* ; Biomarkers/analysis* ; Body Fluids/chemistry* ; Death ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Forensic Pathology/methods* ; Humans ; Postmortem Changes ; Sepsis ; Vitreous Body

Gap junctions play a critical role in electrical synchronization and exchange of small molecules between neighboring cells; connexins are a family of structurally related transmembrane proteins that assemble to form vertebrate gap junctions. Hyperglycemia changes the structure gap junction proteins and their expression, resulting in obstruction of neural regeneration, vascular function and wound healing, and also promoting vascular atherosclerosis. These pathogenic factors would cause diabetic foot ulcers. This article reviews the involvement of connexins in pathogenesis of diabetic foot.
Atherosclerosis ; Connexins ; metabolism ; Diabetic Foot ; pathology ; Gap Junctions ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; physiopathology ; Regeneration ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of multiplex PCR-denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (PCR-DHPLC) method for screening large duplications or deletions in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

METHODSDNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood samples from 35 DMD and 6 SMA patients. Large duplications or deletions were screened with multiplex PCR coupled with DHPLC method. The results were validated with testing of positive and negative controls.

RESULTSKnown duplications or deletions in all controls were reliably detected with multiple PCR coupled with DHPLC. Large duplications or deletions were found in 71.4% of 35 DMD patients, which included 5 large duplications and 20 large deletions. For SMA patients, deletions of SMN1 exon 7 were detected in 16 samples.

CONCLUSIONMultiplex PCR coupled with DHPLC method is an effective and reliable method for detecting large genomic duplications or deletions in patients with DMD or SMA.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dystrophin ; genetics ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Duplication ; Humans ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo make a solid form of Angelica Sinensis essential oil by preparing its inclusion compound with beta-cyclodextrin and evaluate the inclusion rate, dissolution rate and liberating rate of this complex.

METHODGC-MS, X-ray diffraction and thin-layer chromatography were applied to characterize the essential oil and the inclusion compound.

RESULTThe inclusion compound was shown to form a new phase by X-ray diffraction analysis. GC-MS and TLC check-up corroborated the composition of the free oil and the inclusion oil remaining the same.

CONCLUSIONThe results showed Angelica Sinensis essential oil was more stable with beta-cyclodextrin inclusion. The preparation of this inclusion compound has advantages in limited amount, long time effect, easily preserved and convenient administration as a new dosage form.

Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Cyclodextrins ; Dosage Forms ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Stability ; Oils, Volatile ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; X-Ray Diffraction ; beta-Cyclodextrins

Stem cell marker LIN28, related closely with SOX2 and OCT4, has been studied as a biomarker for the maintainance of pluripotent cells in several malignancies. Our previous study showed that SOX2 and OCT4 were negative predictors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the predictive value of LIN28 in HCC outcome is still undetermined. We hypothesized that LIN28 may also play a role as a biomarker for HCC. To test this hypothesis, we examined the expression of LIN28 in 129 radically resected HCC tissues using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and analyzed the association of LIN28 expression with clinicopathologic features and prognosis. Our study showed that LIN28 was expressed at a higher frequency in tumor tissues than in non-HCC tissues (45.0% vs. 21.7%, P = 0.020). Moreover, LIN28 expression was significantly increased in cases with large tumor size (P = 0.010). Univariate analysis did not reveal a significant correlation between LIN28 expression and overall survival or recurrence-free survival. For HCC patients who met the Milan criteria, stratified analysis revealed shorter overall survival (P = 0.007) and recurrence-free survival (P < 0.001) in those with detectable LIN28 expression compared to those with no detectable LIN28 expression. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that LIN28 was a negative independent predictor for both overall survival (hazard ratio= 7.093, P = 0.017) and recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio=5.518, P = 0.004) in patients who met the Milan criteria. Taken together, our results suggest that LIN28 identifies low-risk and high-risk subsets of HCC patients meeting the Milan criteria who undergo hepatectomy.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Staging ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden