Pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia is one of the best understood disease among human hematological malignancies. Becasue of retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic trioxide which directly target the oncogenic promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic receptor A (PML-RARα) fusion protein, this disease became the first model for oncogene-targeted therapies.And other new therapy methods also gain great concern. The complexity of recent views of acute promyelocytic leukemia pathogenesis, as well as latest progress in clinical treatment were summarized and discussed in this review.

Chondroma ; surgery ; Cricoid Cartilage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hodgkin Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lewis X Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Young Adult

Burkitt Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Hodgkin Disease ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; classification ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; pathology

There are 250 species of Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) in the world. This genus distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Alkaloids are the major and representative ingredients in these plants including quinolines, isoquinolines, and amide alkaloids, with such biological activities as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-virus, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-bacteria and anti- oxidant. These species have been used for a long time to treat toothache, urinary and venereal diseases, lumbago and rheumatism. This review summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities from the Z. sppplants, in an effort to the systematic research and application of the alkaloids of this genus.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Zanthoxylum ; chemistry

Objective To report 11 cases with the tissue defects of their upper or lower limbs repaired with the anastomsed medial sural artery perforator flaps.Methods The free medial sural artery perforator flaps,with length of 8 cm to 15 cm and width of 6 cm to 14 cm were used for tissue defect reconstruction of the distal upper or lower limbs in 11 cases,including 6 females and 5 males.The flap was harvested from the ho- mo-lateral calf,confined between the posterior-medial edge of the tibia and the middle line of the calf and a- bove the distal half part of the medial sural muscle,with a same axis of this muscle.Results Ten cases survived very well,which was relatively thin,and the donor site can be acceptable.One case resulted in a complete flap necrotized and covered with a split skin graft.No obvious motor function defect was observed of the donor leg.Conclusion The anastomsed medial sural artery perforator flap is alternative donor flap for the upper or lower limb tissue defect repair,especially for the defect in the hand or foot.

Objective: To study the serum interleukin-37 (IL-37) level changes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to explore the relationship between IL-37 and coronary atherosclerotic plaque.
Methods: Our research included 3 groups. ACS group, n=60, SAP (stable angina pectoris) group, n=30 and Control group, the subjects with normal coronary artery, n=15. The peripheral serum levels of IL-37 were examined by ELISA and the differences were compared among different groups.
Results: ① The serum levels of IL-37 at admission were as ACS group < SAP group < Control group, P<0.05.②Intervention could transitionally decrease IL-37 level in SAP group. With 4 weeks treatment, IL-37 levels were signiifcantly increased in both ACS group and SAP group than admission time, while they were still lower than Control group, P<0.05.③The serum level of IL-37 at admission was negatively related to IL-18 (r=-0.79, P<0.05), the ratio of IL-18/IL-37 were as ACS group>SAP group>Control group, P<0.05.④In ACS group, IL-37 level was negatively related to GRACE score (r=-0.71, P<0.05), the ratio of IL-18/IL-37 was positively related to GRACE score (r=0.73, P<0.05).⑤The diagnosis of ACS could be basically excluded if the patients with IL-37>77ug/L.
Conclusion: The serum IL-37 might be involved in the inlfammatory process in ACS patients, it could be expected as an index for ACS monitor and evaluation in clinical practice.

Objective:To compare serum level of β thromboglobulin in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated different complications.Methods:According to their complications,a total of 398 patients with unsta- ble angina pectoris (UAP)were divided into pure UAP group (UAP control group,n=82),hypertension group (n=89),diabetes mellitus (DM)group (n=133)and brain infarction group (n=94).Serum level of β thromboglobu- lin were measured and compared among four groups 6h after onset and before discharge.Incidence of myocardial in- farction within six months were followed up in four groups.Results:On 6h after onset,the serum level of β throm- boglobulin of brain infarction group,DM group,hypertension group,UAP control group was (61.13±3.32)ng/ml,(59.77±3.15)ng/ml,(52.12±3.27)ng/m, (48.55±3.14)ng/ml respectively,in which the level of brain infarction group was the highest,the difference between any two groups were significant (P<0.01 all);Compared with 6h after onset,there were significant reductions in serum levels of β thromboglobulin of four groups before dis- charge P<0.01 all,their ordering and difference significant degree were no change.The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI)in brain infarction group,DM group,hypertension group,UAP control group was 11.7%,6.0%, 3.4%,2.4% respectively,the MI incidence of brain infarction group was significant more than that of UAP con- trol group,the differences among other groups was no significant,P>0.05.Conclusion:β-thromboglobulin level during UAP onset is significant higher than that of remission period,and it rises most significantly in brain infarction group,and in this group the percentage of myocardial infarction occurred within six months is highest

Objective To analysis the immunological characteristics of patients with severe H1N1 influenza A, and to provide theoretical basis for predicting the prognosis of the disease. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted. The clinical data of 15 patients diagnosed with severe H1N1 influenza A and admitted to Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from October 2015 to December 2016 were collected. All the patients were divided into survival and death groups according to 28-day survival. Clinical characteristics, treatment algorithm, organ function, inflammatory reaction and immune cell status were compared, and Cox regression was used to decide the risk factors of 28-day death in patients with severe H1N1 infection A. Results All 15 patients with severe H1N1 infection A were enrolled, most of who presented with cough (93.3%), fever (86.7%), sputum production (80.0%), shortness of breath (73.3%), myalgia (40.0%) and fatigue (40.0%). All had been received anti-virus, antibiotics, mechanical ventilation and anti-coagulation therapy; some were treated with prone position, neuromuscular blocker and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The incidences of acute myocardial and kidney injury were high, and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score (14.1±6.1) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (9.6±4.1) implicated the critical condition. Of 15 patients, 4 patients died in 28 days, while 11 were cured and discharged. Compared with survival group, the patients in death group had higher levels of APACHE Ⅱscore (22.7±3.8 vs. 11.8±3.8), troponin [cTn (μg/L): 0.52 (0.07, 2.02) vs. 0.15 (0.10, 0.45)] and blood urea nitrogen [BUN (mmol/L): 11.9 (6.7, 29.1) vs. 3.9 (2.7, 6.8)] and a lower level of blood platelets count [PLT (×109/L): 76±33 vs. 146±49, all P < 0.05]. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) within 24 hours of admission in death group were significantly higher than those of survival group [CRP (mg/L): 172.2±88.5 vs. 74.8±33.1, IL-6 (ng/L):283.3 (140.1, 711.0) vs. 18.5 (12.7, 71.4), both P < 0.01]. Compared with survival group, the expressions of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells and natural killer cell (NK cell) in death group were significantly decreased (CD3+ T cell: 0.348±0.119 vs. 0.573±0.106, CD4+ T cell: 0.135±0.046 vs. 0.344±0.098, CD8+ T cell: 0.089±0.057 vs. 0.208±0.054, NK cell: 0.124±0.057 vs. 0.252±0.182, all P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in CD4+/CD8+ ratio and human leucocyte antigen-DR positive (HLA-DR+) T cell between death group and survival group (CD4+/CD8+ ratio:1.57±0.26 vs. 1.83±0.54, HLA-DR+ T cell: 0.035±0.022 vs. 0.062±0.036, both P > 0.05). B lymphocyte in death group was significantly higher than that of survival group (0.477±0.136 vs. 0.229±0.121, P < 0.01). Cox regression analysis revealed that APACHE Ⅱ score [risk ratio (RR) = 20.4, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 5.3-31.2, P = 0.017], CD4+ T cell (RR = 11.1, 95%CI = 5.1-20.0, P = 0.048) and CD8+ T cell (RR = 9.1, 95%CI = 4.3-16.7, P = 0.049) were independently risk factors of 28-day survival of patients with severe H1N1 influenza A. Conclusion Immunological paralysis and severe inflammatory response were early complicated with severe H1N1 influenza A, and these were significantly associated with prognosis.

Aim To observe the physical coupling between transient receptor potential channel vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4 ) and cPLA2 in endothelial cells. Methods We investigated the physical association of TRPV4-cPLA2 coupling by immunofluorescence reso-nance energy transfer (immuno-FRET)to assess the spatial proximity between TRPV4 and cPLA2 in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC),primary cul-tured endothelial cells and in thoracic aortas rings from high salt-induced hypertension mice.Results At the cellular level,with high salt treatment,the physical in-teraction of TRPV4 and cPLA2 was significantly en-hanced in primary vascular endothelial cells and HMEC.Furthermore, in thoracic aortas rings from high salt-induced hypertension mice,we found an in-creases interaction between TRPV4 and cPLA2 in en-dothelial cells from arterial segments .Conclusion High-salt treatment increases the endothelial TRPV4-cPLA2 coupling,indicating that this coupling may pro-vide a new target for vascular endothelial dysfunction.