In the clinical skill evaluation,SP and the new technology OSCE for medical educational evaluation brought by SP can offer a vivid and complete exam atmosphere for the medical students,which have been widely applied by medical colleges and schools at home and abroad,with real,effective,reliable characteristics and broader development prospect. To induce the technology into TCM clinical evaluation is in accordance with the requirements of TCM educational development,which can make students better grasp clinical various basic skills within limited studying periods.

Objectives To investigate the normal value of myelinated fibre (MF) of healthy human sural nerve. Methods By morphometric analysis on biopsy of 41 normal subjects’sural nerve, the density of MF, and the distribution and proportion of short and long diameters of MF were measured. Results The number of MF for each body had arange from 5 057 to 10 104, and the density of MF showed 5 250～11 413 mm 2. The distribution on diameter size of MF was found double peaked.Conclusions Following the age increase, the density of MF in Chinese people is substantially decreased. As compared with the study of some western countries, the results show that the density value of MF in our study is significant higher than those from the western countrics ( P =0 002 4).

Objective To evaluate the teased fibers and the consecutive internodes or segments of the same myeliated nerve fiber. Methods Measurements were performed on 1100 fibers (5522 internodal segment) from 11 control nerves as to detecting the anatomic features and pathologic abnormalities. Results Morphometric study on normal teased fibers revealed three results: (1) There is a certain variation of diameters (Ds) and length (IL) of the internodal segments along a fiber (1.0—2.5 ?m), and as a rule, the longest segment is not the thickest one, and the shortest segment is not the thinnest. Or even, sometimes the thinnest segment is the longest one in all internodal segments. (2) The relationship between IL and Ds is not linear, but shows a parabolic curve; thick segments are relatively shorter than the thinner segment. (3) The IL of segment along 10—20 mm of a fiber may be varied by maximally 50%; on the different IL, there is no casual distribution of internodal segments, but 2—4 (or even 6) segments of about equal length are grouped in a row. Conclusions On the classification of normal teased fibers, myelin of the internode may be ragular, irregular and variable in thickness among internodes.

Cells, Cultured ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Male ; Micronucleus Tests ; Vincristine ; toxicity

Objective To investigate Iomoxicam,paracetamol,trarnadol in post-operative analgesia of surgical abortion.Methods 200 patients undergoing surgical abortion were randomly allocated into four groups:lornoxicam,paracetamol,tramadol and the control group.Intravenous anesthesia was conducted.Lomoxicam 16 mg,paracetamol 1000mg,tramadol 100 mg were administered before patients awaking.VAS scores and complications were observed post-operation.Pre-operative and post-operative salivary cortisol was detected.Results VAS scores were less in the 3 analgesic groups than in control group at 15,30 minutes post-operation(P＜0.05).VAS scores had no difference in all groups at 60,120 minutes.Cortisol was higher in the control on the next day(P＜0.05).Conclusion Post-operative analgesia was effective for surgical abortion.

The challenge of the emergence of drug-resistant influenza strains, which is caused by wide spread utilization of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), accelerates the research and exploration towards host targeted agents. In contrast to DAAs targeting viral replication components, host targeted agents, which regulate host factors and pathways linked to viral replication, can interfere the replication of influenza. Additionally, the innate immune system is activated by influenza during the early stage of infection, so manipulating the innate immune response may prevent the viral infection. However, the excessive inflammatory response induced at the late phase of influenza infection would lead to severe tissue injures. Thus, it is very important to explore drugs with anti-inflammatory actions to suppress these immune imbalances and tissue injures. Here we overview the current progresses about host targets related to anti-influenza drugs.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Influenza, Human ; drug therapy ; Virus Replication

Chemical investigation was carried out to study the alkaloids from stems of Nelumbo nucifera and their cytotoxic activities. The constituents were separated by column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analyses. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities by MTr method. Fifteen compounds were isolated from the total alkaloids extract and identified as asimilobine (1), isococlaurine (2), N-acetylnorarmepavine (3), crykonisine (4), velucryptine (5), pycnarrhine (6), liriodenine (7), nuciferine (8), nornuciferine (9), armepavine (10), N-methylasimilobine (11), coclaurine (12), N-norarmepavine (13), N-methylcoclaurine (14) and lysicamine (15). Compounds 1-7 and 12-15 were isolated from stems of this plant for the first time, and compounds 2-6 were firstly isolated from the family Nelumbonaceae. Compounds 7-10, 13 and 14 showed significant cytotoxic activities against HL-60 carcinoma cell line with inhibitory ratios of 51.36%, 59.09%, 52.51%, 53.93%, 51.43%, and 64.31% at concentration of 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1), respectively.
Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Nelumbo ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry

Objective: Overexpression of the HER2/neu oncogene is a frequent molecular event in multiple human cancers. Being a cancer antigen, p185 erbB2 is an ideal target for immunotherapy. In order to decrease the immunogenicity of mouse anti-p185 erbB2 monoclonal antibody in human cancer therapy, we constructed the eukaryotic expression vector of anti-p185 erbB2 chimeric monoclonal antibody and verified expression of the chimeric antibody in CHO-dhfr - cell. Methods: The variable regions of light chain and heavy chain were amplified with RT-PCR and inserted into the chimeric antibody vector pWSD2. After CHO-dhfr - cells were transfected with recombination plasmid by lipofectAMINE, the chimeric antibody expressing level was identified with RT-PCR, indirect-ELISA, and Western blot. The specificity of the anti-p185 erbB2 chimeric antibody was testified with ELISA assay and immunoprecipitation. Moreover, the effects of chimeric antibody on the proliferation of breast cancer cell line SKBR3, which is overexpressing p185 erbB2 , were measured with MTT assay in vitro. Results: The anti-p185 erbB2 chimeric antibody eukaryotic expression vector was constructed successfully and the expression of the chimeric antibody in CHO-dhfr - was verified by RT-PCR, indirect-ELISA, and Western blot. ELISA assay showed that chimeric antibody reacted with cells overexpressing p185 erbB2 specifically, but did not react with that non-overexpressing p185 erbB2 . Immunoprecipitation test confirmed that the chimeric antibody could bind to p185 erbB2 specifically. The MTT assay demonstrated that the chimeric antibody could inhibit the growth of SKBR3 cells overexpressing p185 erbB2 . Conclusion: The anti-p185 erbB2 mouse/human chimeric antibody that was expressed in CHO-dhfr - cells can bind to p185 erbB2 specifically and inhibit proliferation of SKBR3 cells overexpressing p185 erbB2 . It has a potential application in biotherapy of cancer.

OBJECTIVE To study the sterilization by gamma radiation on the cytokine levels in manually manipulated platelet concentrates, and its practicability. METHODS Manually manipulated platelet concentrates were irradiated by gamma ray at 25 Gy. Detected the quantity of cytokine levels after irradiation on dd 0, 1, 3, and 5. Platelet counts and pH value were detected on the d0 and d5. RESULTS The contents of cytokines increased with storage time both in irradiation and control groups. But the contents of cytokines in the control group increased more significantly than in the irradiation one (P

Objective To determine whether LTB4 could indirectly stimulate human osteoclast differentiation in RA through increasing RANKL expression of RAFLs. Methods We utilize the coculture model of RAFLs and monocyte which were stimulated in the presence of 2.5 ng/ml M-CSF in the control group, 2.5 ng/ml M-CSF +10-8 mol/L LTB4 in the experimental group A, 2.5 ng/ml M-CSF+10-8 mol/L LTB4+100 ng/ml OPG in the experimental group B. After culture for 3 weeks, through TRAP staining we counted the number of multinucleated TRAP staining positive osteoclast-like cells stained with TRAP to evaluate the differentiation effect in each group. Results There was almost no osteoclast-like cell in the control group and the experimental group B. Whereas there were many osteoclast-like cells in the experimental group A. Conclusion LTB4 can indirectly stimulate human osteoclast differentiation in RA through increasing RANKL expression of RAFLs.