Objective Through the analysis of the status quo of the research on neonatal pressure sore in the relevant nursing research, we can understand the strategy and the problems of the prevention of neonatal pressure sore, which provides reference for future research. Methods This article used bibliometric analysis method to construct literature reading and reviewing database,screening articles in the Chinese biological medical disc (CBMdisc), China Journal Full-text Database (CJFD), China Science Periodical Database(CSPD)and China Science and Technology Journal Database(CSTJ), according to the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Results A total of 74 articles were integrated into the literature, the first published in China in 2006, after the overall trend of growth, especially since 2011 began to significantly increase. Of which 29 (39.2%) of the literature published in 13 kinds of professional nursing journals. The total number of citations was 1.84, the cohort rate was 39.19%, the total number of citations was 54, and the number of citations per article was 0.73. The total number of citations was 447, and the average number of citations was 6.04. Literature research types are subdivided into 10 categories, of which experienced literature was the most (23.0%). Literature research concentrated on the use of chemical or physical methods to prevent neonatal pressure sores. Conclusions Neonatal pressure sore is paid more and more attention by the nurses, and the policy support for it is acceptable, but the related research needs to be further strengthened in the breadth, depth and comprehensive aspects. It is necessary for us to use scientific research methods, combining with the culture of pediatric and the characteristics of pediatric management in our country, to construct the best practice manual for preventing neonatal pressure sore in China.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effectiveness and safety of liraglutide combined with insulin and glipizide in the treat-ment of subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH)complicated with type 2 diabetes in the elderly patients. METHODS:Totally 82 elderly patients with SCH complicated with type 2 diabetes were selected from our hospital during Dec. 2013-Dec. 2015,and then divided into trial group(40 cases)and control group(42 cases)according to random number table. Control group was given Insulin in-jection+Glipizide tablets. Trial group was additionally given Liraglutide injection 0.6 mg,sc,qd,on the basis of control group. Treatment courses of 2 groups lasted for 12 weeks. The levels of blood glucose [fasting glucose,postprandial 1 h and 2 h glucose,mean of daily differences(MODD),mean amplitude of glycemic excursions(MAGE)],glycosylated hemoglo-bin,body weight,total cholesterol,blood pressure [systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)],thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)and homeostasis model assessment(HOMA-B)were observed in 2 groups before and after treat-ment. The occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:Totally 4 patients of control group withdrew from the study,and no one withdrew from the study in trial group. Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in the levels of blood glu-cose,glycosylated hemoglobin,body weight,total cholesterol,blood pressure,TSH and HOMA-B (P>0.05). After treat-ment,body weight and total cholesterol level of trial groups were significantly decreased and lower than those of control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The levels of blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,blood pressure (SBP, DBP)and TSH in 2 groups were decreased significantly,while HOMA-B levels were increased significantly,and trial group was significantly better than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between trial group (12.5%) and control group (19.0%)(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Liraglutide com-bined with insulin and glipizide for elderly patients with SCH complicated with type 2 diabetes can effectively reduce blood glucose level,keep blood glucose stable,control the increase of body weight and improve islet B cell function with good safety.

Objective To study the protective effect of fluvastatin,one of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins),against oxygen radical-induced oxidative damages in human aortic endothelial cell,and the role of Bcl-2 in this protection.Methods Human aortic endothelial cells with or without Bcl-2 siRNA transfection were subjected to 1-100 nM of fluvastatin and 100 la hydrogen peroxide for 24 hours.Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression were measured by Taqman quantitative PCR and Western blotting.Cell apoptosis was measured by normal and fluorescent microscopy and Cell Death Detection ELISA.Results In the Bcl-2-expressed cells,fluvastatin significantly reversed hydrogen peroxide-induced microscopic apoptosis and apoptotic DNA fragmentation,which were accompanied by a markedly upregulation of Bcl-2 expression by fluvastatin.However,the endothelial protection by fluvastatin was completely lost in Bcl-2 siRNA transfected cells.Conclusion Fluvastatin protects human endothelial cells against oxygen radical-induced cell apoptosis in vitro,and this protection seemed to be mediated in a Bcl-2 dependent pathway.(J Geriatr Cardil 12008;5:33-38)

In 2012,Beijing Children’s Hospital established the Beijing Children’s Hospital Group to explore the new model of public hospital reform.This study covered the target setting,management framework,network system,and sharing mechanism of the group,and discussed the merits and setbacks of such a practice,for insights of public hospital reform.

Objective To discuss the histology change,apoptosis state and Bcl-2,Bax expression after the bone cement leakage into the intervertebral disc in vertebroplasty.Methods Eight majority canis familiaris were studied.Three lumbar intervertebral discs(L2 to L5)in each dog were randomly classified into three groups(control group,PMMA group,and CPC group),the canine discs were stabbed by 18-gauge needle,and 0.1 ml cement was injected into them.Control discs were only stabbed and injected with nothing.Histology of all discs was studied 24 weeks after the operation.Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)and immunohistochemisty were used to detect apoptosis and Bcl-2,Bax expression in the discs.The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 12.0.Results Intervertebral disc degeneration was not found in control groups.In bone cement groups,however,ruptured or serpentine patterned fibers,decreased cellularity of the nucleus pulposus and condensed matrix of the nucleus pulposus were found in histologic results.The Bax protein decreased in the order of control group, CPC group,and PMMA group.However,the Bcl-2 protein increased in the order of control group,CPC group,and PMMA group.The histology grade was significantly different among the three groups under ANOVA analysis(P

Three candidate antisense target sites of mouse Fas gene were screened by PARASS (poly-A anchored RNA accessible sites screening) technology. They were target at Fas gene 297nt-317nt, 618nt- 638nt and 662nt-682nt. Antisense oligos (A1, A2 and A3) and DNAzymes (D1, D2, and D3) for every target site were designed and synthesized. In vitro, the validation of the sites were judged by antisense oligos included RNase H splicing and the DNAzyme degradation. The results indicated that A1, A2 and A3 introduced RNase H degradation. DNAzymes D1, D2 and D3 cleaved Fas mRNA effectively. Neither degradation observed in antisense oligo RNase H group in non-target site (1211-1231nt) and 2 bases mismatched of A3, nor splicing occurred in DNzyme group in non-target site ( 1211-1231nt) and 2 bases mismatched of D3. Site 2 and 3 were at the same positions with those of ISIS Pharmaceuticals. The effective antisense oligos and DNAzymes for Fas gene could be used for the research subsequently.

Objective To analysis the immunological characteristics of patients with severe H1N1 influenza A, and to provide theoretical basis for predicting the prognosis of the disease. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted. The clinical data of 15 patients diagnosed with severe H1N1 influenza A and admitted to Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from October 2015 to December 2016 were collected. All the patients were divided into survival and death groups according to 28-day survival. Clinical characteristics, treatment algorithm, organ function, inflammatory reaction and immune cell status were compared, and Cox regression was used to decide the risk factors of 28-day death in patients with severe H1N1 infection A. Results All 15 patients with severe H1N1 infection A were enrolled, most of who presented with cough (93.3%), fever (86.7%), sputum production (80.0%), shortness of breath (73.3%), myalgia (40.0%) and fatigue (40.0%). All had been received anti-virus, antibiotics, mechanical ventilation and anti-coagulation therapy; some were treated with prone position, neuromuscular blocker and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The incidences of acute myocardial and kidney injury were high, and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score (14.1±6.1) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (9.6±4.1) implicated the critical condition. Of 15 patients, 4 patients died in 28 days, while 11 were cured and discharged. Compared with survival group, the patients in death group had higher levels of APACHE Ⅱscore (22.7±3.8 vs. 11.8±3.8), troponin [cTn (μg/L): 0.52 (0.07, 2.02) vs. 0.15 (0.10, 0.45)] and blood urea nitrogen [BUN (mmol/L): 11.9 (6.7, 29.1) vs. 3.9 (2.7, 6.8)] and a lower level of blood platelets count [PLT (×109/L): 76±33 vs. 146±49, all P < 0.05]. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) within 24 hours of admission in death group were significantly higher than those of survival group [CRP (mg/L): 172.2±88.5 vs. 74.8±33.1, IL-6 (ng/L):283.3 (140.1, 711.0) vs. 18.5 (12.7, 71.4), both P < 0.01]. Compared with survival group, the expressions of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells and natural killer cell (NK cell) in death group were significantly decreased (CD3+ T cell: 0.348±0.119 vs. 0.573±0.106, CD4+ T cell: 0.135±0.046 vs. 0.344±0.098, CD8+ T cell: 0.089±0.057 vs. 0.208±0.054, NK cell: 0.124±0.057 vs. 0.252±0.182, all P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in CD4+/CD8+ ratio and human leucocyte antigen-DR positive (HLA-DR+) T cell between death group and survival group (CD4+/CD8+ ratio:1.57±0.26 vs. 1.83±0.54, HLA-DR+ T cell: 0.035±0.022 vs. 0.062±0.036, both P > 0.05). B lymphocyte in death group was significantly higher than that of survival group (0.477±0.136 vs. 0.229±0.121, P < 0.01). Cox regression analysis revealed that APACHE Ⅱ score [risk ratio (RR) = 20.4, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 5.3-31.2, P = 0.017], CD4+ T cell (RR = 11.1, 95%CI = 5.1-20.0, P = 0.048) and CD8+ T cell (RR = 9.1, 95%CI = 4.3-16.7, P = 0.049) were independently risk factors of 28-day survival of patients with severe H1N1 influenza A. Conclusion Immunological paralysis and severe inflammatory response were early complicated with severe H1N1 influenza A, and these were significantly associated with prognosis.

To study the effect of endotoxin on liver apoptosis, L02 liver cells were cultured and passaged in vitro, and then stimulated by endotoxin at 10 mg/mL for 4, 8, 16 and 24 h respectively. Liver apoptosis was flow cytometrically and fluorescently detected. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the delivery of smac and caspase9. The delivery of liver cell smac and the activity of caspase3 were measured by caspase3 assay kit. The hepatic failure models of rats were established by using D-galactosamine. The blood serum and liver tissues were collected for the detection of the liver function, the level of endotoxin and the activity of caspase3 by using chromogenic substrate limulus amebocyte lysate method (LAL) and caspase3 active assay kit. The expression of smac and caspase9 in liver cells was detected by Western blotting. With in vitro study, the L02 cells stimulated by LPS condensed into conglobation and formed apoptotic bodies. After those cells were stained by hoechst, the apoptotic cells displayed blue color under the fluorescent microscope. The apoptosis rate was increased over time and the apoptosis was mainly of advanced stage. Meanwhile, the rate of smac delivery and activity of caspase9 and caspase3 were increased on L02 cell membrane. In vivo, hepatic failure and obvious endotoxemia were induced by injection of more than 200 mg/kg D-GalN. Hepatic mitochondria smac was reduced with dosage of D-GalN and, on the contrary, the activity of caspase3 was increased. D-GalN at 200 mg/kg increased Caspase9 while D-GalN at 300 mg/kg decreased caspase9. Mitochondria signal channel plays an important role in the endotoxin-induced apoptosis of hepatic cells by promoting the release of smac from mitochondria to cytoplasm and activating caspase9 and caspase3 in its low-level channel.
Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Caspase 9/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Endotoxins/*pharmacology ; Liver/cytology ; Liver/*metabolism ; Liver/pathology ; Liver Failure/chemically induced ; Liver Failure/pathology ; Mitochondrial Proteins/*metabolism ; Rats, Wistar

Two main impact factors on accuracy of electronic balance are discussed based on its working principle:acceleration of gravity and temperature variation.Through analysis of interacting variables in acceleration of gravity and electronic balance measurement results,the method of builtin standard weight compensation and its shortages are brought forward and attach the compensation method on weight calibration.The impacts on temperature change for the electronic balance measurement are analyzed,which proposes a method to eliminate these factors.

Objective Based on the theory of Service Quality to develop a scale for measuring personal digital assistant satisfaction by nurses and to detect the reliability and validity of this scale. Methods Through the literature research, cross-sectional study and present satisfaction evaluation tool for using personal digital assistant by nurse to build the item pool. The items were selected by 15 experts consultation and the pilot survey of 666 nurses. Results The satisfaction evaluation tool for using personal digital assistant by nurse scale consisted of 41 items;the exploratory factor analysis identified 8 principal factors and explained for 65.22%. Pearson correlation coefficient between each dimension was 0.213-0.684(P<0.01). Pearson correlation coefficient between each dimension and total scale was 0.574-0.798(P<0.01). The Cronbach α coefficient of the scale was 0.928 and test-retest reliability was 0.934. Conclusions The satisfaction evaluation tool for using personal digital assistant by nurse scale has good validity and reliability. It can be used as a tool to measure the satisfaction for using personal digital assistant by nurse.