Objective To analyse the effects of OPG (osteoprotegerin, OPG) at different concentrations on activity of osteoclasts (osteoclasts, OC) , and the relationship between them in physiological activity and function.Methods The bone marrow cells of six weeks old female mice were collected and cultured in vitro on the basis of adding different levels of OPG(10, 20, 50, 100 μg/L).The relationship between OPG and OC were analysed by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase ( TRAP) staining, F-actin cytoskeleton staining and bone resorption pits.Results OC showed adherent growth within 1h cultured, and there were no large multicore OC.Cultured for 5 days, the smaller monocytes gradually began to fusion with each other to form multinucleated cells and showed distinctive characteristics.After three days OPG treatment, the number of multicore cells gradually reduced with OPG concentration increaseing in experimental group, and showing a negative correlation between them(r=-0.516,P<0.05).And there were only a small amount of multinucleated cells at OPG concentration of 50 μg/L.At 20,50 μg/L of OPG concentration, OC number significantly decreased compared with control group (P<0.05), and when the concentration of OPG was 100μg/L, OC number showed significant reduction (P<0 01).the experimental group OPG bone resorption lacunae area, density and decrease the degree were positively correlated with concentration of OPG (r=0.459;r=0.426;r=0.389,P<0.05), and the area had a significant difference when two groups compared.Conclusion The inhibitive effects of OPG on OC function and activation increase with concentration increasing.

Objective To provide the experimental evidence for clinical application of taurine,rat model of intrauterine growth restriction (FGR) was made to investigate influence of prenatal administration of taurine on neurogenesis.Methods Fifteen pregnant rats were divided into control,FGR model and taurine groups,5 rats for each group.Rats in the control group were supplied with unlimited food and drink while the other two groups were fed by 40％ food intake of the control group throughout pregnancy.Since gestational day 12,taurine (100 mg/kg) was added into diet of taurine group every day until term delivery.Brain tissues were obtained immediately after baby rats were born.Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA),neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) of brain tissue was measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry; meanwhile,numbers of PCNA-immunoreactive cells in subventricular zone,subgranular zone and cerebral cortex were compared with ANOVA test or q test.Results Levels of PCNA mRNA and GFAP mRNA expression in FGR group were significantly higher than those of control group (PCNA mRNA:1.002±0.011 vs 0.894 ± 0.040,P＜0.01; GFAP-mRNA:1.012±0.013 vs 0.913±0.012,P＜0.01).Compared to FGR model group,mRNA expressions of PCNA and GFAP in taurine groups were higher (1.090±0.029,P＜0.01 ; 1.034±0.011,P＞0.05).There was a significant decrease in the expression of NSE mRNA in FGR group compared with control group (0.796±0.036 vs 1.582±0.057,P＜0.01),while the expression in taurine group (0.933±0.027) was significantly higher than that in FGR model group (P ＜ 0.01).PCNA immunoreactive cells were mostly distributed in subventricular zone,followed by subgranular zone and cerebral cortex.Conclusions Prenatal application of taurine could enhance neurogenesis of FGR newborn rats and improve survival of neurons to ameliorate FGR brain damage.

To study the influence of foreign plasmid DNA on spleen metabolism in immune-stimulated mice via the gastrointestinal tract. Mice were oral administered by pipette with 200?g of plasmid pcDNA3 and spleen were isolated at 4h and 18h after oral administration. Total RNA were extracted from spleen and spleen gene expression profile of Balb/c mice was analyzed by using Affymetrix oligonucleotide genechip after oral plasmid pcDNA3 administration. Functional cluster analysis was conducted by Genmapp and MAPPFinder software. By functional cluster analyzing the genes which were up-regulated more than twofolds, Genmapp results showed that plenty of metabolic pathway were induced in spleen after oral administration of plasmid pcDNA3. These metabolic process included purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, protein synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, fatty acid synthesis, Glycolysis, TCA cycle and mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation pathway. The similar results also took place at 18h after oral administration. The result indicated that foreign plasmid DNA can modulate metabolism process in spleen of mice via the gastrointestinal tract, and may help understand the mechanism of action of foreign plasmid DNA uptaked via the gastrointestinal tract.

Clinical pathway (CP), as a standardized approach and clinical management process for disease diagnosing and treating, is being widely used with more relevant publications reported gradually. But different forms of CP reports may prevent the evaluation and spreading of CP. The authors recommend guidelines for evidence-based Chinese medicine CP report, including 18 items which form 5 big sections, by precise item selection and rigorous expert consensus. All these items can embody the principles of Chinese medicine and comply with the requirements of the clinical practice of Chinese medicine. All above are based on synthesizing the published literature systematically and analyzing the current status in this field, also according to the characteristics of Chinese medicine and methodology requirement of evidence-based medicine.

Objective T o evaluate the application value for the prognosis of m echanical ocular injury cases using ocular traum a score (O TS). Methods Four hundred and eleven cases of m echanical ocular traum a w ere retrospectively review ed. O f the 449 eyes, there w ere 317 closed globe injury and 132 open globe injury. O T S variables included num erical values as initial visual acuity, rupture, endophthalm itis, perforat-ing or penetrating injury, retinal detachm ent and relative afferent pupillary block. T he differences be-tw een the distribution of the final visual acuity and the probability of standard final visual acuity w ere com pared to analyze the correlation betw een O T S category and final visual acuity. T he different types of ocular traum a w ere com pared. Results C om pared w ith the distribution of final visual acuity in standard O T S score, the ratio in O T S-3 category w as statistically different in present study, and no differences w ere found in other categories. Final visual acuity show ed a great linear correlation w ith O T S category (r=0.71) and total score (r=0.73). C om pared w ith closed globe injury, open globe injury w as generally associated w ith low er total score and poorer prognosis. R upture injury had poorer prognosis com pared w ith penetrating injury. Conclusion T he use of O T S for the patients w ith ocular traum a can provide re-liable inform ation for the evaluation of prognosis in forensic m edicine.

OBJECTIVE:Taking metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets as an example,to explore the value of speckle tracking imaging in therapeutic efficacy evaluation of CHF drugs. METHODS:68 CHF patients who had never underwent regular treatment were given Metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets and anti-heart failure agents for 3 months. NYHA classification, resting heart rate(RHR),6 min walk distance(6MWD)and conventional echocardiographic measurements were tested before and 1 and 3 months after treatment. Dynamic image were collected in the apical 2-chamber view,apical 4-chamber view and left ven-tricular long axis plane for speckle tracking imaging offline analysis. The left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) were measured. After 3 months of treatment,CHF patients were divided into standard group(group A,RHR 55-60 times/min)and non-standard group (group B,RHR>60 times/min) according to resting heart rate. The improvement of above indicators were com-pared between 2 groups,and that of LVGLS was also compared. RESULTS:After 1 month of treatment,RHR,LVEDd,LVEF and LVGLS of group A were improved significantly,compared with group B,with statistical significance (P<0.05). After 3 months of treatment,there was statistical significance in above indicators between 2 groups(P<0.05). In group A,RHR,6MWD and LVGLS improved significantly after 1 month of treatment,there was statistical significance,compared with before treatment (P<0.05);there was statistical significance in above indicators after 3 months of treatment,compared with before treatment and after 1 month of treatment (P<0.05). In group B,RHR and 6MWD improved significantly after one month of treatment;there was statistical significance,compared with before treatment(P<0.05);there was statistical significance in significant improvement of each indicator between after 3 months of treatment and before treatment (P<0.05);only there were statistical significance in RHR and NYHA grading,compared with after one month of treatment(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Speckle tracking imaging can early reflect the left ventricular function improvement of CHF patients after anti-heart failure treatment,especially in patients with RHR control standard earlier and more significant. Speckle tracking had good clinical application value in the follow-up treatment of heart failure as routine evaluation index.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of fast track surgery (FTS) application in arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament.Methods A total of 80 cases of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) tear patients were randomized into two groups.While the experimental group (n =42) was treated with the conception of FTS, and the control group(n =38) was treated with the traditional methods.The postoperative pain, knee Lysholm score, quality of life score (SF-36), knee joint activity (EUROPEP), and postoperative infection were compared between the two groups.Result The VAS score of post-operation pain (VAS) 1 h(1.80±1.13) ,6 h(1.91±0.98), 12 h(1.73±0.95) ,24 h(1.68±0.65) ,48 h(1.69±0.90) ,the time stay in hospital (7 ± 1), total cast (205 600 ± 7 600) yuan, were significantly decreased compared to the traditional therapy group(VAS : (7.00± 1.56), (7.41±0.93), (6.82±1.12), (6.65±0.76), (6.34±0.88) ,P ＜0.05 or P＜0.01;(12± 1) d, P =0.021;(28 600±5 400) yuan, P =0.042).Recovery time of ROM of experimental group was significant lower than control group (P ＜ 0.05).But the comparison of patients, satisfaction of post-operation in two groups was inverse(P=0.007).The Lycholm scores of post-operation of FTS group were remarkably higher than the control group and the scores of prior treatment(85.1 ± 14.2) vs (73.6 ±12.3);P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The new methods of FTS can apparently accelerates recovery after ACL reconstruction,reduces complications, shorten time stay in hospital, cut down the total cost, and improve the experience and the satisfaction of patients.It was safety and feasible.

BACKGROUND:Emerging evidence shows that rs6756667 SNP EPAS1-A alele is beneficial for, however, the GG genotype is detrimental for adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in Tibetan populations.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the EPAS1 gene rs6756667 polymorphism between Tibetan elite endurance athletes and Tibetan non-physical education major students and analyze its relationship to aerobic exercise capacity.
METHODS:Forty Tibetan athletes in Ganzi Tibetan middle and long distance athletes sports teams (athlete group) and forty Tibetan non-physical education major students in Ganzi (student group) were included in this study. The EPAS1 gene rs6756667 polymorphic loci were determined using PCR high-resolution melting analysis. The genetic polymorphism data from this study were compared withthe data from previous studies. Increase values of bone mineral density in the pelvis, upper and lower limbs were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were significant differences in the genotype frequencies of EPAS1 rs6756667 AA, AG and GG between student group(50%, 47.5%, 2.5%)and athlete group(72.5%, 27.5%, 0;P< 0.05). The genotype frequency of GG was significantly increased in student group compared with athlete group (P< 0.05). There were differences in the frequencies of A alele and G alele between both groups (95%CI:0.459-0.908,P=0.011).Bone mineral density inthe pelvis, upper and lower limbs and whole body was significantly higher in student group than athlete group (P< 0.05). These findings suggest that EPAS1 gene rs6756667 polymorphism is related to aerobic capacity of Tibetan elite endurance athletes. rs6756667 SNP EPAS1-A alele is beneficial for, however, the GG genotype is detrimental for adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in Tibetan athletes.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of platelet-rich plasma in treatment of DeepⅡburn wounds. Methods Sixty eight cases of inpatients with Deep Ⅱburns were selected, whose age were from 1 to 65 years and their burn areas were between 5%~62%of total body surface area (TBSA). Deep gradeⅡburn of each sample was divided into two parts. Part A was the treatment group and part B was the control group.The burn wounds in the treatment group were treated with platelet-rich plasma and the counterpart in the control group were treated with SD-Ag. Healing time ,recovering rate and the frequency of dressing changes,frequency of changing the most innerlayer gauze and the rate of wound infection were also analyzed. Finally the laboratory abnormalities and adverse effect were monitored regularly. Results The healing time of the treatment group (16.5±3.1 ) d was shorter than that of the control group (19.5±3.8 ) d. The recovering rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group on the 14th and 17th day after treatment. There were statistically sig?nificant differences between these two groups (P<0.05). After two weeks’treatment, the internal and external dressing per?meability into wet gauze layers were 20.6 ± 1.7, which were significantly decreased than that in the control group 23.3 ± 5.9. The frequency of dressing changes was(7.2±1.1)times in treatment group versus(9.2±1.4)times in control group and the frequency of changing the inner most layer gauze was( 2.3±0.6)times in the treatment group versus(5.3±1.3)times in con?trol group. There were 5 inflammation reaction cases in the treatment group, but 13 cases in the control group. However, there was no statistic significance between the two group in the outcomes of bacterial culture, the laboratory abnormalities and the adverse effect. Conclusion Platelet-rich plasma can remarkably shorten the healing time,improve healing rate,re?duce frequency of dressing change and promote wound healing for deepⅡburn wound. PRP is a potential safety reagent in treating deepⅡburn wound.

Objective To study the protective effect of fluvastatin,one of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins),against oxygen radical-induced oxidative damages in human aortic endothelial cell,and the role of Bcl-2 in this protection.Methods Human aortic endothelial cells with or without Bcl-2 siRNA transfection were subjected to 1-100 nM of fluvastatin and 100 la hydrogen peroxide for 24 hours.Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression were measured by Taqman quantitative PCR and Western blotting.Cell apoptosis was measured by normal and fluorescent microscopy and Cell Death Detection ELISA.Results In the Bcl-2-expressed cells,fluvastatin significantly reversed hydrogen peroxide-induced microscopic apoptosis and apoptotic DNA fragmentation,which were accompanied by a markedly upregulation of Bcl-2 expression by fluvastatin.However,the endothelial protection by fluvastatin was completely lost in Bcl-2 siRNA transfected cells.Conclusion Fluvastatin protects human endothelial cells against oxygen radical-induced cell apoptosis in vitro,and this protection seemed to be mediated in a Bcl-2 dependent pathway.(J Geriatr Cardil 12008;5:33-38)