Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; etiology ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; complications

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of immunosuppressants on in- duction of apoptosis of peripheral T lymphocytes.Methods T lymphocytes were derived from healthy donors and activated by super antigen SEB.The rest or activated T lymphocytes were incubated with immunosuppressants such as myophenolate mofetil (MMF),cyclosporine A (CsA),FK506,azathio- prine (Aza),sirolimus (SRL),prednisone (Pred),and daclizumab (Dac,anti-CD25mAb),alone or combined,for 3 days.The incidence of apoptosis was determined by the methods of confocal microsco- py,flow cytometer,DNA-ladder fragmentation electrophoresis,and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) gene amplification profiles.The quantitive assay of IL-2 and Fas in the cul- ture medium was also performed using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit.Results Apoptosis in rest T lymphocytes was just induced by Pred among various immunosuppressants.MMF,Aza,and Pred promoted apoptosis in activated T lymphocytes (P＜0.05,P＜0.01),but it was blocked by CsA,FK506,SRL,and Dac (P＜0.01).After adding two or three kinds of immunosuppressants, the incidence of apoptosis in activated T lymphocytes was apparently lower than in control group (P＜0.01).The expression of Fas and IL-2 by activated T lymphocytes was inhibited by FK506 and CsA (P＜0.05).Conclusion MMF,Aza,and Pred may induce apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes via the signal pathway of Fas/Fasl.CsA and FK506 could inhibit the apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes by blocking the production of IL-2.Also,SRL and Dac can block the apoptosis of activated T lympho- cyte by interfering with the effect of IL-2 on T lymphocytes activation process.

Follow-up after renal transplantation is vital to improve allograft long-term survival and quality of life. This article describes the awareness, frequency, patterns, and contents of the follow-up after renal transplantation, especially 6 factors that may adversely influence the long-term survival of renal transplant recipients.
Aftercare ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; mortality ; Long-Term Care ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Risk Factors

The incompatibility of traditional Chinese medicines is related to the clinical medication safety, so has attracted wide attentions from the public. With the deepening of studies on the incompatibility of traditional Chinese medicines represented by 18 incompatible herbs, the incompatibility of theory traditional Chinese medicines has raised to new heights. From the origin of incompatibility theory of traditional Chinese medicines, relationship of herbs, harms of incompatible herbs and principle of prevention to toxic effects of specific incompatible medicines, the innovation and development of the traditional Chinese medicine incompatibility theory was explored. Structurally, the incompatibility of traditional Chinese medicines refers to the opposition of two herbs based on seven emotions and clinical experience. The combination of incompatible herbs may lead to human harms, especially latent harm and inefficacy of intervention medicines. The avoidance of the combination of incompatible herbs and the consideration of both symptoms and drug efficacy are the basic method to prevent adverse reactions. The recent studies have revealed five characteristics of incompatible herbs. Toxicity potentiation, toxication, efficacy reduction and inefficacy are the four manifestations of the incompatible relations. The material changes can reflect the effects of toxicity potentiation and toxication of opposite herbs. The accumulation of toxicity and metabolic changes are the basis for latent harms. The antagonistic effect of main efficacies and the coexistence of positive and negative effects are the distinctive part of the incompatibility. The connotation of incompatible herbs plays an important role in the innovation of the traditional Chinese medicine incompatibility theory.
Drug Incompatibility ; Drug Therapy ; history ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; pharmacology ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common type of brain disorders among young adults. The dysfunction of the brain is often exacerbated due to diffuse axonal injury (DAI) which based on the injury of white matter fibers and axons. Since mild and moderate brain injury or DAI are diffuse and subtle, conventional CT and MRI are difficult to make a positive diagnosis. Recent clinical study indicated that functional magnetic resonance imaging has a high detection rate in the diagnosis of acute mild and moderate brain injury, especially the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). This paper has reviewed the principles and characteristics of DTI and 1H-MRS, and recent research in the clinical and animal experiments on brain injury.
Animals ; Axons/pathology* ; Brain/pathology* ; Brain Concussion/pathology* ; Brain Injuries/pathology* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diffuse Axonal Injury/pathology* ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods* ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/pathology* ; Severity of Illness Index

Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Animals ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Epinephrine ; metabolism ; Female ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Norepinephrine ; metabolism ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synaptic Transmission

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the 4- to 10-year results of arthroscopic reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) using single-bundle bone-patella tendon-bone graft, and to find out the principle and influential factor of the isolated PCL reconstruction.

METHODSFrom May 1998 to July 2004 the data of 29 patients with isolated PCL reconstruction retrospectively investigated, using single-bundle bone-patella tendon-bone graft. Twenty-two cases were followed up with average 7.1 years (5 - 10 years). Follow-up included the subjective knee function evaluation, KT2000, Biodex and the radiographic assessment.

RESULTSThe mean final follow-up IKDC score, Lysholm score, and Tegner score of the 22 cases were 89.4 +/- 8.1, 94.5 +/- 9.2, and 6.9 +/- 2.6 respectively. There were statistically significant improvements in them when compared with preoperative data respectively (P < 0.01). The average posterior displacement measured with KT2000 was (4.9 +/- 1.1) mm (90 degrees flexion) and (4.3 +/- 1.2) mm (30 degrees flexion) respectively. At the final follow-up, KT2000 examination revealed >or= 6 mm of posterior laxity in 6 patients (group A), and

CONCLUSIONSArthroscopic reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament using single-bundle bone-patella tendon-bone graft produces well results with moderate to long term follow-up. For the patients with III or IV PCL injury, PCL reconstruction should be done as soon as possible.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroscopy ; Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Grafting ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Screw fixation is mainly used in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in the youth; therefore, how to reduce surgical trauma, retain sufficient blood supply and reduce postoperative complications becomes so important. OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of minimal invasive percutaneous fixation with cannulated compression screws for young patients with femoral neck fracture and its impact on the length of bilateral lower limbs and hip joint function. METHODS: Thirty patients with femoral neck fracture admitted in the Shanghai Pudong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from January 2009 to December 2012, were selected as experimental group, followed by subjected to minimal invasive percutaneous traction bed-assisted closed reduction with cannulated compression screws. Meanwhile, 28 cases of femoral neck fracture admitted from January 2006 to December 2009, were given open reduction with square muscle grafting and cannulated screw fixation (control group). The efficacy, intraoperative blood loss, operation time, hospital stay, fracture healing time and incidence of complications were observed. Additionally, the length of bilateral lower limbs and Harris hip scores at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively were compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients were followed up for 24-60 months. (2) The excellent and good rate in the experimental and control groups was 90% and 93%, respectively, which showed no significant difference between two groups (χ2=0.007, P > 0.05). (3) The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, and hospital stay in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group (P < 0.01); while, the fracture healing time, incidence of complications as well as length of bilateral lower limbs and Harris hip scores at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively did not differ significantly between two groups (P > 0.01). (4) These results suggest that the minimal invasive percutaneous fixation with cannulated compression screws applied in the treatment of young patients with femoral neck fracture exhibits satisfactory efficacy, good reduction, less trauma and rapid postoperative recovery, which is available for all types of young femoral neck fracture.

In order to detect coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor in patients with severe hemophilia A (HA) and preliminarily study the genetic mutation in patients with inhibitor positive. Totally 58 patients with HA (FVIII: C < 1%) were enrolled. FVIII: C activity was measured by one-stage coagulation assay. FVIII inhibitor was screened by using APTT method and FVIII inhibitor in screened positive patients with HA was quantitatively analyzed by using Bethesda method. Using genomic DNA as template, 12, 14, 16 exons of FVIII in screened positive patients were amplified, and the mutations of amplified products were detected by direct sequencing. The results indicated that the FVIII inhibitor could be detected in 4 patients (6.9%) from 58 HA patients, no gene mutations in 12, 14, 16 exons of FVIII were found. It is concluded that the positive rate of FVIII inhibitor in HA patients is lower than that reported in literature. The causes of inhibitor production needs to further investigate.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Coagulation Factor Inhibitors ; isolation & purification ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Exons ; Factor VIII ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; Genetic Testing ; Hemophilia A ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Young Adult

The combination of Angelicae sinensis Radix (Danggui, DG) and Astragali Radix (Huangqi, HQ) is a popular herb pair commonly used in clinic for the treatment of blood deficiency syndrome in China. The aim of this paper is to study the interaction of DG and HQ nourishing and tonifying blood effects by response surface method. The blood deficiency mice were induced by injecting N-acetylphenylhydrazine (sc) and cyclophosphamide (ip). The blood deficiency mice were administrated intragastrically with DG-HQ extracts (0:1, 1: 5, 2:5, 2:3, 1:1, 3:2, 5:2, 5:1, 1:0). The changes of the peripheral blood indexes and organ indexes were observed. The indexes were integrated by comprehensive index method; the interactions of DG and HQ were analyzed by the response surface diagram established with Matlab software. The results showed that DG and HQ at most of their combination ratios had synergic effect. Within the range of 1:5 - 5:1, all of the extracts of DG-HQ showed synergic effect, and among which, high-doses had better effects than low-doses. The highest value (-1) of the synergic effect was showed when DG was 10 - 40 g at the same time of HQ as 90 -180 g, and DG was 50 - 100 g at the same time of HQ as 20 - 100 g. DG-HQ at all combination dosages within Chinese Pharmacopeia (DG: 6 - 12 g, HQ: 9 - 30 g) had certain synergic effect, and Danggui Buxue Decoction (DG: 6 g, HQ: 30 g) also was at this range. The results provided scientific basis to the clinical application of DG and HQ. And the response surface method was firstly applied to quantitatively evaluate the bio-activity change of herb combination, which provided a novel way for modern basic research on the interaction of herbs.
Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Animals ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Blood Cell Count ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation