BACKGROUND: Current numerous studies have confirmed that silver nanoparticles have been extensively applied due to their good anti-bacterial performances. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the overseas and domestic research and development of anti-bacterial silver coating based on the anti-bacterial mechanism and bio-safety of silver nanoparticles as wel as progression of anti-bacterial silver coating. METHODS: The first author retrieved the databases of Web of Science, PubMed and CNKI for relative articles published from January 1976 to January 2015. The keywords were “silver nanoparticles, titanium al oy, implant, antibacterial properties, biosecurity, coating” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Because of their smal dimension and quantum effects, as wel as great specific surface area, silver nanoparticles can be in close contact with pathogenic microorganisms to exert biological effects. Additional y, silver nanoparticles exhibit the excellent resistance to bacteria, fungi, viruses and cancer cel s. However, most of their mechanisms of biological effects remain unclear, and there are unresolved problems about the slow-release time of silver nanoparticles in vivo and how to control the slow-release silver ions. Besides, there are fewer long-term animal experiments. Therefore, a large number of laboratory and clinical studies are needed to ensure that silver nanoparticles cannot cause adverse reactions during long-term administration and how to reduce their toxicity.

Objective Myocardial infarction and subsequent heart failure remain the most dominant health challenges worldwide.Therapeutic angiogenesis has emerged as a potential novel treatment for severe ischemic heart disease and there is increasing evidence that cell transplantation may improve the perfusion and contractility of myocardium in animal models.This study was designed to examine the endothelial growth potential and whether transplantation of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells can improve local blood flow in a mouse ischemic hindlimb model.Methods The mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord of passage 5 were differentiated in an endothelial differentiation medium containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in vitro.Samples were observed for 2 weeks.The human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted into a hindlimb ischemia mouse model in vivo.Four weeks later,immunofluence was used to identify the migration and differentiation of the transplanted cells towards endothelial linage.Laser Doppler perfusion image was used to evaluate the local blood flow of the hindlimb.Results Results After incubation with VEGF and bFGF,the human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells started to form interconnected clusters and a network was formed.Four weeks after transplantation,the transplanted cells were sprouting f0rom the local injection and differentiated into endothelial cells,contributed to the recovery of local blood flow obviously as compared with control group.Conclusion Human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into endothelial cells,contribute to the local angiogenesis in a hindlimb ischemia mouse model and represent a new source for therapeutic angiogenesis for clinical applications.

Objective To investigate the function of middle-methoxyl pectin-Ca2+ complex in(Graduate School,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100039;1 Polymer Engineering Laboratory,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130022,China) lowing postprandial serum glucose of normal and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) rats.Method The experimental IGT rats models were made by injecting STZ into abdomen.Then normal and IGT rats were given test meal and their postprandial serum glucose were measured.Results The middle-methoxyl pectin-Ca2+ complex could significantly improve the glucose tolerance and weaken the peak value of postprandial serum glucose of normal and IGT rats(P

Objective To investigate the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on migration,invasion and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation of human melanoma cell line MUM-2B. Methods MUM-2B cells were divided into three groups, control group (10%FBS in DMEM), treatment group1 (10μg/L IFN-γ) and treatment group2 (100μg/L IFN-γ). Different concentrations of IFN-γ were added in the culture medium of MUM-2B cells. Wound-healing assay and matrigel invasion assay were performed to examine the migration and invasion ability of MUM-2B cells. Three-D culture was used to observe the VM formation. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of MUM-2B cells was detected by Western blot assay. Results The result of wound-healing assay showed that the migration distance of cells was decreased in treatment groups compared with that of control group. The migration distance of cells was decreased in treatment group 2 compared with that of treatment group 1(P＜0.05). The result of matrigel invasion assay showed that the number of invaded cells was decreased in treatment groups compared with that of control group, and which was significantly decreased in treatment group2 than that of treatment group1 (P＜0.05). The result of 3-D culture showed that cells in control group can form typical VM tube-like structures, whereas cells in treatment groups cannot. Western blot assay showed that the expression of VEGF protein was significantly decreased in treatment groups compared with that of control group, and the expression of VEGF protein was significantly decreased in treatment group2 than that of treatment group 1(P＜0.05). Conclusion These data suggest that IFN-γinhibits migration and invasion of MUM-2B cells, and inhibits VM formation by down regulating VEGF expression in vitro.

BACKGROUND:Titanium al oy with good biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties have been widely used in clinic. How to give its excel ent antibacterial properties so as to cope with plant-associated infections has become a research focus in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To review the principle, techniques, classification and relative merits of antimicrobial coating. METHODS:A computer-based search of Scopus database and VIP database was performed by the first author to retrieve relevant articles published from January 1990 to January 2014 using the keywords of“titanium al oy, plant, antibacterial, coating”. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Coatings can be classified into antibiotic coating, non-antibiotic organic antimicrobial coating, inorganic antibacterial coating, anti-adhesion coating, antibacterial bioactive polymer coating, al of which have better biocompatibility, but also have their limitations. Current studies concerning antimicrobial coatings mainly focus on how to enhance the binding force between antimicrobial coating and the substrate as wel as how to get a good anti-bacterial ability, biocompatibility, high wear resistance and persistence;antibacterial phase structure and distribution effects on the bacterial colonization. The antibacterial phase structure and distribution is the key factor for the antimicrobial properties of titanium al oys with either entirely added anti-bacterial elements or surface coating.

Objective To compare the dosimetric difference between volumetric are modulation with RapidArc and fixed field dynamic IMRT for breast cancer radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery.Methods Twenty patients with early left-sided breast cancer received radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery.After target definition,treatment planning was performed by RapidAre and two fixed fields dynamic IMRT respectively on the same CT scan.The target dose distribution,homogeneity of the breast,and the irradiation dose and volume for the lungs,heart,and eontralateral breast were read in the dosevolume histogram (DVH) and compared between RapidAre and IMRT.The treatment delivery time and monitor units were also compared.Results In comparison with the IMRT planning,the homogeneity of clinical target volume (CTV) ,the volume proportion of 95% prescribed dose (V95%) was significantly higher by 0.65% in RapidAre (t =5.16,P = 0.001) ,and the V105% and V110% were lower by 10.96% and 1.48 % respectively,however,without statistical significance (t =-2.05 ,P =0.055 and t =-1.33 ,P =0.197).The conformal index of planning target volume (PTV) by the Rap~dAre planning was (0.88±0.02),significantly higher than that by the IMRT planning [(0.74±0.03),t = 18.54,P < 0.001].The homogeneity index (HI) of PTV by the RapidArc planning was 1.11±0.01,significantly lower than that by the IMRT planning (1.12±0.02,t =-2.44,P =0.02).There were no significant differences in the maximum dose (Dmax) and V20 for the ipsilateral lung between the RapidArc and IMRT planning,but the values of V10,V5 ,Dmin and Dmean by RapidArc planning were all significantly higher than those by the IMRT planning (all P < 0.01).The values of max dose and V30 for the heart were similar by both techniques,but the values of V10 and V5 by the RapidArc planning were significantly higher (by 18% and 50% ,respectively).The V5 of the contralateral breast and lung by the RapidArc planning were increased by 9.33% and 3.04% respectively compared to the IMRT planning.The mean MU of the RapidArc was 608 MU,significantly higher than that by the IMRT planning (437 MU,t = 10.86,P < 0.001).The treatment time by the RapidArc planning was 111.3 s,significantly longer than that by IMRT planning (103.6 s,t = 3.57,P = 0.002).Conclusions The RapidArc planning improves the dose distribution of CTV and homogeneity of PTV for breast cancer radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery.However,it significantly enlarges the volume of normal tissues irradiated in low dose areas,prolongs the treatment delivery time,and increases the MU value in comparison with IMRT.

Objective To study the profiles and function of small RNA (sRNA)gene during chondrogenesis in rats so as to clarify the mechanisms of chondrocytes proliferation and differentiation.Methods All the sRNAs were identified from the female SD rats femoral head cartilages at three time points:at birth,ablactation and maturation,and three sRNA libraries were constructed.The Solexa sequencing and the bioinformatics analysis were employed to be blasted with the genomes of SD rats.Results The perfect match reads in the three libraries were screened out,which were correspondent to the 21 7 921 (41.23%),1 96 650 (38.74%)and 245 436 (41.54%)unique sRNA sequence,respectively.The percentages of 20-24 nt sRNA were 71.94% (d0),72.85% (d21),and 86.39%(d42).Half of clean sequences were 22 nt sRNA.The distribution characteristics of the reads were in line with the high-quality sRNA.More than 62% clean reads were from mature miRNA while the ratios in the three libraries were only 0.69%,0.78% and 0.63%.About 60% of the unique sRNA could not be matched with miRBase20.0 or Rfam9.1.Conclusion The distribution model of miRNA in the three libraries indicates that the miRNAs with different functions or from different sources are involved in the regulation of chondrocytes proliferation and differentiation in bone development and formation.

Plasmablastic myeloma is a rare pathological classification of multiple myeloma. This condition must be differentially diag-nosed because of lack of a distinctive phenotype. Involvement of the central nervous system is a rare complication of multiple myelo-ma. The choice of treatment is important for plasmablastic myeloma. Thus, this article presents a rare case of plasmablastic myeloma with multiple cranial nerve involvement. We clarify the diagnosis through the multidisciplinary team and select the optimal therapy for the patient.

OBJECTlVE To investigate the inhibition of Radix lsatidis and its major constituents indigo and indirubin on three principal subtypes of organic anion transporters ( OATs) , Oat1, Oat2 and Oat3 in vivo in mice. METHODS Granules of Radix lsatidis ( GRl) 0.615 and 2.46 g·kg-1 , decoction of Radix lsatidis ( DRl) 1.6 and 6.4 g·kg-1 , indigo 0.008 and 0.64 mg·kg-1 and indirubin 0.0192 and 1.536 mg·kg-1 were ig given to the NlH mice (60 mice per group), twice a day, for 5 d while four control groups were set up, including vehicle of water, 0.5%sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ( CMC) , positive control probe-necid (0.05 g·kg-1) and additives of sucrose plus dextrin (1.5 g·kg-1 each) groups. After the last dosing of the test samples, para-aminohippuric acid ( PAH) clearance test was conducted. All the mice were iv given PAH 0.03 g·kg-1 and 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 20 min later before 10 mice per group were euthanized to collect whole blood and the kidneys were quickly removed. Each right kidney was homoge-nized to analyze the PAH accumulations and each left kidney to extract total mRNA for analysis of Oat1, Oat2 and Oat3 gene expressions using quantitative real-time PCR. The concentrations of PAH in sera and in kidney homogenates were determined by the method of Kiguchi. Major pharmacokinetic parame-ters of PAH in sera were calculated by pharmacokinetic software ( DAS2.0) . PAH uptake test for kidney slices was performed on another group of NlH mice according to the method of Nakakariya. RESULTS There was no significant difference between water control group and 0.5%CMC group in all the examined items. Compared with the vehicle control groups ( water and 0. 5%CMC group ) , elimination half time ( t1/2β) of PAH in GRl 2.46 g·kg-1 ,indigo 0.64 mg·kg-1 and indirubin 1.536 mg·kg-1 groups was signifi-cantly prolonged (P<0.05), the total clearance (Cl) and volume of distribution (Vd) were obviously reduced ( P<0.01) and the area under the curve ( AUC0-20 min ) of PAH in all the tested groups was signifi-cantly increased ( P<0.01) . AUC0-20 min obtained from renal PAH accumulations within the checked time was significantly higher ( P<0.05, P<0.01) than in the vehicle control group. But there was in no signifi-cant difference between all the study groups in kidney-to-plasma AUC ratios. PAH uptake results by kidney slices were significantly lower ( P<0. 05, P<0. 01 ) than in vehicle control group in every two dosages of all the four samples tested. Compared with vehicle control group, the mRNA expressions of Oat1, Oat2 and Oat3 were obviously ( P<0.05, P<0.01) and abnormally regulated in the groups of GRl 2.46 g·kg-1, DRl 6.4 g·kg-1, indigo 0.64 mg·kg-1 and indirubin 1.536 mg·kg-1. CONCLUSlON The renal Oat1, Oat2 and Oat3 of mice are significantly inhibited by GRl, DRl, indigo and indirubin. The inhibitory function of Radix lsatidis probably stems from indigo and indirubin contained in it.

Objective To observe the morphological changes of macular capillary in type 2 diabetic mellitus (DM) patients without clinical features of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods This is a prospective clinical case-control study. Forty-three eyes of 22 patients with DM without clinical features of DR (case group) and 40 control eyes of 20 age-and sex-matched healthy physical examination subjects (control group) were enrolled in this study. All subjects underwent OCTA examination with mode of retinal blood flow imaging, macular 3 mm×3 mm and 6 mm×6 mm area, signal strength>45. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, foveal capillary density, parafovea capillary non-perfusion, and micro-aneurysm in shallow capillary vessel layer were evaluated. Results In case group, the mean FAZ area was (0.397±0.141) mm2 and the mean foveal capillary density was (44.6±0.62)%. In control group, the mean FAZ area was (0.253±0.112) mm2 and the mean foveal capillary density was (48.6±0.58)%. FAZ area of eyes in case group was larger than that in control group (t=1.017, P<0.05). There was no difference of foveal capillary density between two groups (t=1.499, P>0.05). The spider web-like FAZ and normal foveolar avascular zone were observed in eyes of control group. The parafovea capillary non-perfusion, abnormal foveolar avascular zone, micro-aneurysm and tortuosity of vessels were observed in eyes of case group. Parafovea capillary non-perfusion (χ2=4.542), micro-aneurysms (χ2=5.183) were seen more often in case group than control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Type 2 DM patients have abnormal retinal vascular microcirculation before DR using OCTA, including larger FAZ area, parafovea capillary non-perfusion, abnormal foveolar avascular zone, micro-aneurysm and tortuosity of vessels.