Animals ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; metabolism ; Ischemia ; metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Chaperones ; metabolism ; Pressure Ulcer ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; blood supply

OBJECTIVETo optimize the extraction process of root of Polygoni multflori and validate the interrelation between antioxdative capacity and the content of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside in root of P. multiflori.

METHODThe optimum extraction was abserved with the orthogonal design; 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside was determined by HPLC and the antioxidative capacity by using photochemiluminescence detection method with the Photochem supplied by Analytik Jena AG; the concentration of ethanol, amount of ethanol, extraction time and extraction times were the four factors in the extraction.

RESULTThe concentration of ethanol and extraction times had significant effect on the content of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside and the antioxidative capacity of the crude extract.

CONCLUSIONThe best extraction process is to extract three times by using 10 fold EtOH(60%), refluxing at 85 degrees C and to extract one and half hours each time.

Antioxidants ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Ethanol ; Glucosides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonum ; chemistry ; Stilbenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Time Factors

Objective To discuss the histology change,apoptosis state and Bcl-2,Bax expression after the bone cement leakage into the intervertebral disc in vertebroplasty.Methods Eight majority canis familiaris were studied.Three lumbar intervertebral discs(L2 to L5)in each dog were randomly classified into three groups(control group,PMMA group,and CPC group),the canine discs were stabbed by 18-gauge needle,and 0.1 ml cement was injected into them.Control discs were only stabbed and injected with nothing.Histology of all discs was studied 24 weeks after the operation.Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)and immunohistochemisty were used to detect apoptosis and Bcl-2,Bax expression in the discs.The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 12.0.Results Intervertebral disc degeneration was not found in control groups.In bone cement groups,however,ruptured or serpentine patterned fibers,decreased cellularity of the nucleus pulposus and condensed matrix of the nucleus pulposus were found in histologic results.The Bax protein decreased in the order of control group, CPC group,and PMMA group.However,the Bcl-2 protein increased in the order of control group,CPC group,and PMMA group.The histology grade was significantly different among the three groups under ANOVA analysis(P

BACKGROUNDRecurrent stroke following a transient ischemic attack or minor stroke is frequent but potentially preventable. The prevention outcome is, by and large, dependent on how well physicians understand and implement prevention guidelines. Yet, little is known about the scope of physicians' awareness and implementation of secondary stroke prevention guidelines in the mainland of China. This study aimed to identify the gaps between physicians' clinical practice and guidelines for secondary stroke prevention in China.

METHODSA nation-wide online survey with a 16-item questionnaire that reflects major components of the Chinese National Secondary Stroke Prevention Guidelines was performed between September 1, 2009 and October 31, 2009.

RESULTSA total of 3489 neurologists from third tier hospitals completed the survey. The percentage of the physicians who were aware of the control targets and prevention measures recommended in the Chinese national guidelines was generally lower than reported for developed countries.

CONCLUSIONSPhysicians in the mainland of China lack sufficient awareness of secondary stroke prevention guidelines. Continuing education is highly recommended.

China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; Male ; Physicians ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; prevention & control ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Background Recurrent stroke following a transient ischemic attack or minor stroke is frequent but potentially preventable.The prevention outcome is,by and large,dependent on how well physicians understand and implement prevention guidelines.Yet,little is known about the scope of physicians' awareness and implementation of secondary stroke prevention guidelines in the mainland of China.This study aimed to identify the gaps between physicians' clinical practice and guidelines for secondary stroke prevention in China.Methods A nation-wide online survey with a 16-item questionnaire that reflects major components of the Chinese National Secondary Stroke Prevention Guidelines was performed between September 1,2009 and October 31,2009.Results A total of 3489 neurologists from third tier hospitals completed the survey.The percentage of the physicians who were aware of the control targets and prevention measures recommended in the Chinese national guidelines was generally lower than reported for developed countries.Conclusions Physicians in the mainland of China lack sufficient awareness of secondary stroke prevention guidelines.Continuing education is highly recommended.

Bone turnover is regulated by local concentrations of cytokines such as osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL). To explore the in vivo biological function of Opg and the mechanism of osteoporosis due to deficiency of Opg, Opg knockout mice have been generated through homologous recombination. Opg-/- mice exhibit a sharply decrease in bone density and strength as expected. The number of osteoclasts in Opg-/- mice significantly increases. Morphologically, osteoclasts appear more cuboidal in shape in Opg-/- mice than those of wt mice, suggesting that active osteoclastogenesis occurs in the absence of Opg. In consistent with this finding, an increase of osteoblast activity was also observed with accelerated mineral accumulation rate by histomorphometric measurement and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) in Opg-/- mice. Interestingly, more than 50% of 2-month-old Opg-/- mice manifest medial calcification of aorta with comparable serum concentrations of calcium and phosphorus to wt mice. In conclusion, Opg-/- mice have a high-bone-rurnover type osteoporosis. The aortic calcification in Opg-/- mice is not due to abnormality of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The mechanism underlying aortic calcification in Opg-/- mice needs to be further investigated.

Objective To measure and define the distribution of left gastric lymph nodes.Meth- ods From Jan.2004 to Apr.2005,silver clips were set around the root of the left gastric artery in 124 pa- tients with esophageal and gastric cardia carcinoma,X-ray films at 0?and 90?simulator gantry in the radio- therapeutic position were taken.Then,the data of the superior,lower,left,right,anterior and posterior bor- der in each patient was recorded.With SAS 8.02 software,data of minimum area which covered the left gas- tric lymph node in different incidences were obtained.Results According to the analysis of Shapiro- Wilk,Kolmogorov-Smimov,Cramer-von Mises and Anderson-Darling tests,each border was of normal distri- bution,with equal frequency in the male and female,despite the actual results in different genders.Pearson Correlation Coefficients analysis did not suggest a significant relationship between the border and height, weight and size of vertebrae,which formed the minimum area covering the left gastric area at frequency of 100%,95%,90% and 85%,which were drawn out through the calculation.Conclusions Aiming at completely identifying the normal distribution of the left gastric lymph node,more patients are required to be in the pool.For the time being,location in the left gastric area can be obtained from details of the results in the present study.

Objective To evaluate the running status of the water-improving projects in Gansu Province in order to further improve the supervising mechanism and raise the efficiency of defluoridation in drinking water.Methods The water-improving projects,either being normal,or intermittent,or discarded and the cause of abnormal running in 33 counties in Gansu Province were surveyed with unified standard method.Fluoride content in water was determined by F-ion selective electrode.Results 993 water improving projects covering 3389 fluorosis villages were surveyed,682 projects worked well[68.68%(682/993)]and had supplied water with normal fluoride contents to 2174 villages[64.15%(2174/3389)]and benefited 116.56 hundred thousand populations.And the rest 311[31.32%(311/993)]projects worked abnormally or supplied unqualified fluoride water.The main causes were the exceeded lasting life,insufficiency of water resources,high fluoride content in water and unqualified administration.Conclusions Most of the water-improving projects in Gansu Province are basically running normally,but about 1/3 of the projects do not function well,so the management of the projects must be improved and consummated.

BACKGROUND:Sepsis has become the greatest threat to in-patients, with a mortality of over 25％.The dysfunction of gut barrier, especially the immunological barrier, plays an important role in the development of sepsis. This dysfunction occurs after surgery, but the magnitude of change does not differentiate patients with sepsis from those without sepsis. Increased intestinal permeability before surgery is of no value in predicating sepsis. The present study aimed to observe the changes of intestinal mucosal immunologic barrier in rat models of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sepsis group (n=45) and a control group (n=15). The rats in the sepsis group were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), whereas the rats in the control group underwent a sham operation. The ileac mucosa and segments were harvested 3, 6 and 12 hours after CLP, and blood samples were collected. Pathological changes, protein levels of defensin-5 (RD-5) and trefoil factor-3 (TFF3) mRNA, and lymphocytes apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa were determined. In an additional experiment, the gut-origin bacterial DNA in blood was detected. RESULTS:The intestinal mucosa showed marked injury with loss of ileal villi, desquamation of epithelium, detachment of lamina propria, hemorrhage and ulceration in the sepsis group. The expression of TFF3 mRNA and level of RD-5 protein were decreased and the apoptosis of mucosal lymphocyte increased (P<0.05) in the sepsis group compared with the control group. Significant differences were observed in RD-5 and TFF3 mRNA 3 hours after CLP and they were progressively increased 6 and 12 hours after CLP in the sepsis group compared with the control group (P<0.05, RD-5 F=11.76, TFF3 F=16.86 and apoptosis F=122.52). In addition, the gut-origin bacterial DNA detected in plasma was positive in the sepsis group. CONCLUSION:The immunological function of the intestinal mucosa was impaired in septic rats and further deteriorated in the course of sepsis.

Alleles ; Amelogenin/genetics* ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Determination Analysis