Animals ; Cold-Shock Response ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; beta-Endorphin ; blood

Adult ; Chylothorax ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Neck Dissection ; adverse effects

Objective To explore the expression and significance of p53 and p21_(WAF1)proteins in hep- atocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Immunohistochemical(S-P)method was used to detect the expression of p53 and p21~(WAF1)proteins in the 41 patients with HCC and 30 cases of paracancerous tissues.Results The positive rates of p53 and p21~(WAF1)proteins were 43.9 % and 75.6 % respectively.The expression of the proteins was significantly higher in tumor than that in corresponding paracancerous tissue(P0.05). p53 ex- pression showed significant difference in different pathologic grades and cases with or without intrahepatic metastasis and thrombus in the portal veins(P

Down Syndrome ; complications ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pleural Effusion ; complications ; congenital

Chronic prostatitis is a common male disease, and its pathogenesis is not yet clear. Most scholars believe that oxidative stress and immune imbalance are the keys to the occurrence and progression of chronic prostatitis. Currently immunotherapy of chronic prostatitis remains in the exploratory stage. This article relates the active ingredients of 5 Chinese medicinal herbs (total glucosides of paeony, tripterigium wilfordii polglycosidium, curcumin, geniposide, and quercetin) for the treatment of chronic prostatitis and their possible action mechanisms as follows: 1) inhibiting the immune response and activation and proliferation of T-cells, and adjusting the proportion of Th1/Th2 cells; 2) upregulating the expression of Treg and enhancing the patient's tolerability; 3) suppressing the activation of the NF-kB factor, reducing the release of iNOS, and further decreasing the release of NO, IL-2 and other inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to the suppression of the immune response; 4) inhibiting the production of such chemokines as MCP-1 and MIP-1α in order to reduce their induction of inflammatory response. Studies on the immune mechanisms of Chinese medicinal herbs in the treatment of chronic prostatitis are clinically valuable for the development of new drugs for this disease.
Chemokines ; immunology ; Cytokines ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immune System ; drug effects ; Male ; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; Prostatitis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; drug effects ; Th1-Th2 Balance

OBJECTIVETo explore the treatment of chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis with bone defect after debridement and evaluate its clinical outcomes.

METHODSFrom June 2009 to June 2011, 52 patients with chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis were treated with stage-one compound grafting of antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate and autogenous cancellous bone,including 12 females and 40 males with an average age of 43 years old ranging from 18 to 67. According to Cierny-Mader classification, there were 34 cases with stage III and 18 with stage IV. There were 32 cases on right side and 20 on left,with a course of 6 months to 3 years. The area of soft tissue wound ranged from 3.0 cm x l.5 cm to 23.0 cm x l2.0 cm. The clinical effects were evaluated according to infection controlling, calcium sulfate absorption,bone defect repair and heel functional recovery.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 2 to 3.8 years (averaged 2.8 years). Primary healing was achieved in 52 patients. Two cases of recurrence were found post-operatively, 1 case in 3 months and another in 5 months,which were cured after a second operation. Bone repair healing was gained in 1.5 to 3.5 months (averaged 2.5 months). Complete radiological absorption of calcium sulfate was found in 1.2 to 3 months(averaged 2.2 months). Local exudation after removal of drainage tube had been persisting in 10 patients for 2 to 3 months, which was consistent with the time when cacium sulfate were totally absorbed. Flap had partial necrosis in 4 cases,and the wounds were closed after appropriate treatment finally. The mean Maryland score was 88.15±7.70. There were excellent results in 32 cases, good in 14, fair in 6.

CONCLUSIONA satisfactory short-term clinical results can be gained by one-stage compound grafting of antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate and autogenous cancellous bone in chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis, but the long-term results need further follow-up. And much more study is also demanded to reduce the exudation of calcium sulfate.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Bone Transplantation ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; surgery ; Calcium Sulfate ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Wound Healing ; Young Adult

Oxidative stress is a redox imbalance in the body, which is one of the important factors leading to tissue damage and diseases. The nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-Kelch like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) signaling pathway is not only an important defense system against oxidative damage, but also one of the key signaling pathways of the antioxidant capacity. Numerous studies have shown that targeting the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway to activate Nrf2 has become an effective strategy for the treatment of oxidative stress and related diseases. Using small molecules to directly block the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) is one of the important directions for activating Nrf2 and exerting the cytoprotective effect, which can avoid the potential side effects of covalent modification of Nrf2. On the other hand, the Keap1 is an efficient E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been used in the design of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs). This review summarizes the research progresses of Keap1-Nrf2 protein interaction inhibitors and degraders based on the Keap1 E3 ubiquitination system in recent years.

The leakage of genetically engineered microorganism(GEM) at the beginning of operation was the important content for ecological risk assessment when GEM was inoculated in a membrane bioreactor(MBR) for bioaugmentation. The effects of different operating conditions on leaking density and intercepting efficiency of GEM were investigated in a submerged microfiltration MBR at the beginning of operation. The interception characteristics were also discussed. The results showed that different operating conditions had different influences on intercepting efficiency:higher sludge concentration was profit for interception,while higher aeration intensity and flux had opposite effects on interception. When the inoculated density of GEM was 1.0?1010 CFU/mL,the leaking densities varied from 1.0?102 CFU/mL to 2.5?102 CFU/mL under different operating conditions at the beginning of operation and the maximum intercepting efficiency could be higher than 8 lg. The main factors determining intercepting efficiency at the beginning of operation were membrane module interception,sludge adsorption as well as suspended GEM transfer inhibition and their contribution shares under certain conditions were 82.3%,14.9% and 2.8%,respectively. Gel layer formation during MBR stable operation was helpful to increase intercepting efficiency. The contribution shares for GEM interception of membrane module,sludge and gel layer were 75.3%,10.7% and 14.0%,respectively,under certain conditions.

According to the characteristics of sludge samples from full-scale wastewater treatment bioreac-tors, the essential total DNA extraction method for most environmental samples, lysozyme-SDS-phenol/ chloroform method, was modified to improve sample pretreatment, intensify cell lysis and enhance the effi-ciency of impurity removal. Obtain a general total DNA extraction method for industrial sludge samples. Such a method was applied for total DNA extraction of sludge samples from several running full-scale an- aerobic or aerobic bioreactors in Shijiazhuang, China. The results indicated that the modified method was suitable for all the sludge samples in this study, showing the satisfying generality. The extracted total DNA of all sludge samples were pure, with about 1.8 of A260/ A280 ratio. The method was also efficient; with average total DNA yield of over 0.7 mg/g and maximum yield of 0.85 mg/g. Moreover, all the extracted to- tal DNA samples could serve as templates directly to amplify 16S rDNA by PCR. The PCR products could be separated well by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and the DGGE band patterns were clear enough to be used for further analysis. All these facts indicated that the total DNA extraction method provided in this study could meet the requirements of sludge samples research, from full-scale wastewater treatment bioreactors, using molecular biology technologies.

Objective To construct cDNA entry library and cDNA expression library of Armillifer agkistrodontis (A.) nymphs and make a preliminary immunoscreening for the cDNA expression library.Methods The nymphs were collected from the Kunming mice infected experimentally with A.agkistrodontis eggs and the total RNA were extracted from the nymphs using TRIzol Reagent.After purifying the mRNA,the synthesized cDNAs were cloned into the donor vector pDONR222 by BP reaction of Gateway technology and the recombinants were transformed into the DH10B cells by electroporation,the cDNA entry library was obtained.Next,the expression vector pDEST17 was ligated with entry clones by LR reaction,and the recombinants were transformed into the BL21 (DE3) cells.Hence,the cDNA expression library was constructed.Then,the expression library was immunoscreened with the mixed sera of mice infected with A.agkistrodontis,and the insertions of positive clones were sequenced.After that,the open reading frame(ORF) of positive slone sequence,the homology of the screened genes and their encoded proteins were analyzed by Finder and BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) program of National Center of Biotechnology Information(NCBI),and the discovered new genes were submitted into the GenBank.Besides,the physico-chemical properties,secondary structure and B cell epitopes of encoded proteins were also analyzed by bioinformatics software.Results The average titer and total clones of the cDNA entry library were 1.45 × 105 CFU/ml(colony-forming unit,CFU) and 1.74 × 106 CFU,respectively,and the range of fragment length of the inserted cDNA was between 0.2-4.0 kb,with an average of 1.4 kb.The total clones of cDNA expression library were 1.00 × 105 CFU,and the fragment length of the inserted cDNA was between 0.3-2.2 kb,with an average of 1.0 kb.Five positive clones,coded S1,S5,A1,D1 and F1,respectively,were obtained through preliminary immunoscreening.The sequence and homology of the five positive clones were sequenced and analyzed by BLAST program.No significant similarities were found in pentastomida species,which meant that they were all novel genes of A.agkistrodontis.The gene sequences were submitted to GenBank,with the accession number from JQ180451 to JQ180455.Also,results obtained by bioinformatics software showed that the predictive encoding proteins were all potential to be valuable recombinant diagnostic antigens.Conclusions The cDNA library of A.agkistrodontis nymphs is successfully constructed,and five new genes of A.agkistrodontis are discovered.The establishment of cDNA library and the discovery of the new genes will lay a foundation for further studying the gene functions and screening the immunodiagnostic antigens.