Objective To examine the difficulty and discrimination of academic skill diagnostic test(ASDT).Methods About 1000 primary school students were administered the ASDT,and data were analysed by SPSS11.0 program.Results The difficulty of sub-tests ranged from 0.49～0.78(low edition),0.52～0.86(high edition);while the discrimination of sub-tests ranged from 0.31～0.55(low edition),0.21～0.56(high edition).The coefficients for test-retest and the whole test ranged from 0.36～0.61(low edition),0.39～0.60(high edition).Conclusion ASDT developed in the present study attains acceptable psychometric properties.

Objective: To evaluate seed morphology of Swertia davidii and the effects of different treatments on seed germination, and to provide a scientific basis for seeding and artificial cultivation of S.davidii. Methods: Seed morphology was observed by microscope and seed germination rates were recorded and analyzed statistically, through setting conditions including different culture temperatures, different light qualities, different seed storage times, and soaking treatment with different concentration of GA3 and KNO 3. Results: S. davidii seeds were small with 0.049 5 g for thousand grain wight (TGW). The suitable temperature range of seed germination was 14-23 °C, and the optimal temperature was 18 °C. Seed germination could be affected under different light qualities and full darkness conditions, in which red light was the most conductive to seed germination, but full darkness was the least conductive to that. After soaking treatment with different concentration of GA3 and KNO3, not only seed growth could be significantly promoted, but also seed germination rates and germination index were affected. When the seeds were stored at room temperature, the seed longevity of S. davidii is only about five months, however, it can be increased at low temperature. Conclusion: The study on seed germination of S. davidii is first reported, which shows the important guidance for seeding and artificial cultivation of S. davidii.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and effect of recanalization of inferior vena cava with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA)by Inoue-balloon. Methods Eighty-nine patients with Budd-chiari syndrome(BCS)were treated with PTA by Inoue-balloon. Results After PTA, the median(interquartile range)diameter of hepatic segment inferior vena cava increased from 0.00(0.20 ～ 0.00) cm to 1.90(2.00 ～ 1.47)cm; (P

Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Coronary Aneurysm ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Coronary Angiography ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that basic fibroblast growth factor has effects on stimulating vessel regeneration and collateral reconstruction. However, administration was performed mostly by peripheral vein, left atrium or percutaneous coronary intervention, and it is difficult to achieve an effective therapeutic concentration in the local myocardium. OBJECTIVE: Based on the property of poly(D, I-lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA), to investigate outcomes of inducing neovascularization in the myocardium in combination of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) by ensuring target release of protein growth factor in local tissue. METHODS: PLGA and bFGF were dissolved in dichloromethane. This liquid mixture was rolled into the form of a hollow tube (3.0 mm outer diameter, 2.8 mm inner diameter, 0.1 mm thick, 10 mm length) for further use. The middle third of the left anterior descending coronary artery of mini-swines was ligated, and the local myocardium became dark purple. After the successful establishment by abnormal regional wall motion in the cardiac apex at anterior wall using ultrasound, the mini-swines were assigned to channels and bare scaffolds (BS) group and channels and bFGF-incorporating scaffolds (FS) group. The scaffold was implanted in the myocardium using self-made hollow bit. At 6 weeks, the number of proliferative cells was quantified by immunohistochemical staining. New vessels were quantified utilizing Image-Pro Plus software package in both groups. Quantitative analysis of changes in mass defect percentage was performed by Emory Cardiac Toolbox software combined with single-photon-emission computed tomography. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 6 weeks, number of proliferative cells and the density of new vessels were significantly increased in the FS group compared with BS group(P<0.001). Single-photon-emission computed tomography illustrates that MDP was significantly lower in the FS group compared with the BS group (P < 0.001). Results have suggested that PLGA scaffolds that incorporate bFGF were able to induce angiogenesis and enhance blood-flow perfusion.

Objective To investigate whether or not extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) treatment is safe for treating low back pain caused by lumbar facet joint degeneration by observing its effects on the lumbar segment of the spinal cord.Methods Five adult dogs were used for this study.ESWs were focused on their right L_(4～5) facet joints. The energy output was set at 40% of the maximum output,and a total of 1000 shocks were delivered at a frequency of 120/min.Before and 3 days after the treatment,the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) induced by stimulating the tibial nerve were recorded from the animals' scalps,and the motor function of their hind limbs was evaluated with Tarlov's scale.The animals were then sacrificed and the L_(4～5) segments of their spinal cords were taken for histopatho- logical observation,with the T_(12) segments taken as controls.Results Three days after ESW treatment,the left and the right hind limbs scored 5 and 4 on the Tarlov scale.The amplitude of SEPs decreased and their latency increased. Histopathological observation showed mild swelling of the L_(4～5) segment of the spinal cord with congested veins on the surface.Erythrocyte and leukocyte exudation as well as myelin sheath swelling in the spinal cord were also observed un- der the microscope,but with no demyelination.Conclusion ESW had some adverse effects on the spinal cord when focused on the facet joint.Further studies of the safety range of ESW energy and distance are needed.

This study was aimed to explore the mechanism of Xin-Feng capsule (XFC) on pulmonary function of Sjogren's syndrome (SS) rat model based on the TGF-β1-ERK1 signal pathway. A total of 50 SD rats were ran-domly divided into the normal control (NC) group, model control (MC) group, hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) group, radix paeoniae alba (total glucosides of paeony capsules, TGP) group, and the XFC treatment group, with 10 rats in each group. Except the NC group, the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and the same rat sub-mandibular gland antigen induced method were applied to each rat after metatarsus injection on two feet and CFA after sufficient emulsification of 0.2 mL submandibular gland protein mixed antigen induced SS. The water drink-ing quantity, body weight change, pulmonary function, ERK1, TGF-β1 protein expression and serum cell factor (IL-17, IL-4) changes were detected in each group. The results showed that compared with the NC group, the body quality and serum IL-4 of MC rats were obviously decreased, and the water drinking quantity, submandibu-lar gland / lung index, submandibular gland pathological score, ERK1, TGF-β1 integral and IL-17 were increased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and the pulmonary function parameter was decreased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Compared with the MC group, the body quality, pulmonary function parameters FEF50 and MMF of the XFC group were in-creased, the IL-4 expression was increased, the water drinking quantity, submandibular gland / lung index, sub-mandibular gland pathological score, serum IL-17 expression, ERK1 and TGF-β1 integral were decreased (P <0.01 or P < 0.05). Compared with the HCQ group, the body quality and IL-17 were significantly decreased in the XFC group (P < 0.01), FEF25, FEF75 and MMF were increased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Compared with the TGP group, the lung index and IL-17 were decreased in the XFC group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). It was conclud-ed that the lung function of SS rats was declined, which is closely related to the activation of TGF-β1-ERK1 sig-nal pathway. Traditional Chinese medicine of XFC is able to downregulate the TGF-β1 expression and to restrain epithelium-mesenchymal cell transformation, in order to inhibit ERK1 phosphorylation activation and proliferation, decrease immune inflammation, in order to improve SS and lung function.

Objective To explore the clinical features of patients with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD).Methods Patients diagnosed with posterior circulation ischemia in our hospital from October 2008 to January 2012 were consecutively collected and were divided into the VBD group and the non-VBD (NVBD) group.Clinical manifestations,risk factors,hemodynamic parameters and neuroimaging features were collected.Results (1) Statistical difference was observed in dyslipidemia,hypertension and the history of diabetes in the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The cerebral hemodynamic features of the VBD patients were as the following:decreased peak systolic velocity of vertebral artery and basilar artery and decreased systolic/diastolic ratio.Statistical difference was showed in the average peak flow velocity(Vm),pulsatility index(PI) and resistance index(RI) (P =0.036,0.032,0.032,respectively).(3) The main clinical manifestations of VBD were ischemic cerebrovascular disease,hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease,oppression,brain damage symptoms and hydrocephalus.(4) The diagnosis in most of the VBD patients was confirmed by neural imaging and MRI was the first choice.Conclusion The VBD patients have relative unique clinical features.MRI should be the first choice for neuroimaging.

BACKGROUND:The anesthesia process is required strict in establishing rabbit models of ileal neobladder. It is required for cleaning operation field, quick postoperative recovery, and the choice of anesthetics and anesthesia does not influence smooth muscle peristalsis. OBJECTIVE:To compare the anesthetic effects between urethane and chloral hydrate in rabbits with ileal neobladder. METHODS:Eighteen rabbits were randomly assigned to urethane and chloral hydrate groups, and were respectively anesthetized with 20% urethane 5 mL/kg and 10% chloral hydrate 2 mL/kg through the ear vein. Double ureter was dissociated at 1 cm outside original bladder, and 15 cm-intestine obtained from 10 cm of ileocecal junction was implanted so as to establish models of ileal neobladder. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Heart rates were significantly lower compared with these before anesthesia in al cases (P≤ 0.05), but no differences were detected between two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the chloral hydrate group, the maintain time and recovery time were longer and the mortality rate was higher in the urethane group. Above data indicated that chloral hydrate is a safe long-acting anesthetic in establishing rabbit models of ileal neobladder.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immune System Diseases ; immunology ; Male ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology