D (A:the amount of water added. B: the alcohol concentration in the fluidextract of herbs. C: decoction time, D: decoction times). The optimum decoction condition obtained was: adding water (12 times as much as medicine), decocting twice 1.5 hours each time, merging the filtrate, concentrating the merged filtrate into extract with a relative density of 1.20 (measured at 85℃), then adding alcohol slowly, and making the concentration of alcohol in the fluidextract come to 80%. Conclusion: The optimized process is stable and feasible.

Objective To measure and define the distribution of left gastric lymph nodes.Meth- ods From Jan.2004 to Apr.2005,silver clips were set around the root of the left gastric artery in 124 pa- tients with esophageal and gastric cardia carcinoma,X-ray films at 0?and 90?simulator gantry in the radio- therapeutic position were taken.Then,the data of the superior,lower,left,right,anterior and posterior bor- der in each patient was recorded.With SAS 8.02 software,data of minimum area which covered the left gas- tric lymph node in different incidences were obtained.Results According to the analysis of Shapiro- Wilk,Kolmogorov-Smimov,Cramer-von Mises and Anderson-Darling tests,each border was of normal distri- bution,with equal frequency in the male and female,despite the actual results in different genders.Pearson Correlation Coefficients analysis did not suggest a significant relationship between the border and height, weight and size of vertebrae,which formed the minimum area covering the left gastric area at frequency of 100%,95%,90% and 85%,which were drawn out through the calculation.Conclusions Aiming at completely identifying the normal distribution of the left gastric lymph node,more patients are required to be in the pool.For the time being,location in the left gastric area can be obtained from details of the results in the present study.

Objective To investigate the prevalence change of drinking water type of endemic fluorosis and the effect of control measures implemented in Huangyuan county of Qinghai province. Methods In 2009, all the endemic fluorosis villages in Huangyuan county were divided into two degrees, light and medium, according to the water fluorosis content before implementing the improving water project, 1 to 2 villages were selected from each degree village, respectively,as monitoring sites, and a total of 3 villages were selected. Source water and tap water samples were collected from each village and water fluoride concentration was determined. Dental fluorosis of all children aged 8 to 12 of monitoring villages was examined, and urine samples were collected by age group of children for determination of urinary fluoride. Clinical skeletal fluorosis of adults over 16 years of age was examined, and 20 copies of adults urine samples were collected to determine urinary fluoride. One village was selected in the 3 villages monitored to conduct X-rays examination of skeletal fluorosis. Water fluoride was tested in accordance with the "Non-metallic Targets Test Methods for Drinking Water" (GB/T 5750.6-2006); urinary fluoride was tested by fluoride ion-selective electrode method (WS/T 89-1996); dental fluorosis was diagnosed using Dean method;adult skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed by "Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis"(WS 192-2008). Results Twelve water samples were assayed, water fluoride was (0.35 ± 0.43) mg/L. The detectable rate of dental fluorosis of 122 children aged 8-12 was 34.43%(42/122) and the geometric mean urinary fluoride was 0.89 mg/L of the 96 children. Of the 834 adults aged 16 and over, clinical detection of skeletal fluorosis was 47.72% (398/836) and geometric mean urinary fluoride was 1.10 mg/L of the 65 cases of adult urine samples assayed, detection rate of X-rays was 31.4% (11/35) in Gangou village of the 35 adults examined.Conclusions In Huangyuan county, water fluoride of the 3 surveyed villages are normal but the endemic fluorosis is still serious. It should strengthen monitoring and analyze the causes and improve prevention measures.

Neuro signal has many more advantages than myoelectricity in providing information for prosthesis control, and can be an ideal source for developing new prosthesis. In this work, by implanting intrafascicular electrode clinically in the amputee's upper extremity, collective signals from fascicules of three main nerves (radial nerve, ulnar nerve and medium nerve) were successfully detected with sufficient fidelity and without infection. Initial analysis of features under different actions was performed and movement recognition of detected samples was attempted. Singular value decomposition features (SVD) extracted from wavelet coefficients were used as inputs for neural network classifier to predict amputee's movement intentions. The whole training rate was up to 80.94% and the test rate was 56.87% without over-training. This result gives inspiring prospect that collective signals from fascicules of the three main nerves are feasible sources for controlling prosthesis. Ways for improving accuracy in developing prosthesis controlled by neuro signals are discussed in the end.
Amputation ; Amputees ; Artificial Limbs ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Movement ; physiology ; Muscles ; innervation ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo prokaryoticly express and purify HuD protein and its RNA recognition motifs.

METHODSHuD protein was prokaryoticly expressed and purified by molecular cloning technology. Its biologic activity was testified by Western Blot.

RESULTSPurified HuD protein and its RNA recognized motifs were observed.

CONCLUSIONSThe result might aid for basic research and clinical application.

Antibodies, Antinuclear ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; ELAV Proteins ; ELAV-Like Protein 4 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Neurons ; immunology ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification

Using the electron spin resonance (ESR) and probe technique, the species of reactive oxygen free radicals and the oxygen consumption were observed in the metabolic process of oxygen of leukocytes from leukemia patients and healthy persons. Results showed that weak ESR spectrum of hydroxyl radical ((*)OH) signal was detected in the leukemia patient's leukocytes, there was no significant difference in oxygen consumption with or without PMA stimulation; superoxide anion (O(2)) in normal leukocytes was detected, and oxygen consumption increased markedly compared to the normal respiration without PMA stimulation (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in oxygen consumption between leukemic and normal leukocytes without PMA stimulation; however, it was higher in normal leukocyte than in leukemic leukoeytes after PMA stimulation (P < 0.001). These observations suggest that dysfunction of respiratory burst is existed in leukemic leukocytes, and their oxygen consumption is markedly lower than that of normal leukocytes.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors of the serious complications related with double-J ureteral stent placement following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

METHODSClinical data were reviewed for 272 patients treated with PCNL and indwelling double-J stents between January, 2014 and April, 2016. The risk factors of serious complications were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSSerious complications of double-J ureteral stenting occurred in 63 patients (23.1%). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the ureter abnormalities (β=1.735, P=0.000, OR=5.670), stent indwelling duration (β=1.206, P=0.028, OR=3.340), gender (β=0.895, P=0.016, OR=2.446), preoperative urinary tract infection (β=0.849, P=0.020 , OR=2.338) and stent size (β=0.847, P=0.011, OR=2.333) were all risk factors of serious complications related with the procedure.

CONCLUSIONMale patients are exposed to a higher risk of serious complications following PCNL. Effective management of urinary tract infection and choice of appropriate stent size in cases of ureteral abnormalities help to reduce these complications. The double-J stent should be withdrawn as soon as possible in patients with good postoperative recovery.

Female ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Postoperative Period ; Risk Factors ; Stents ; adverse effects ; Ureter ; surgery ; Ureteral Obstruction ; surgery

Objective To establish virtual three-dimensional models of interventional devices and individualized surgical area structure in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)treatment,and to explore the value of virtual models for preoperative simulation in TIPS treatment.Methods Thin slice scan data of 8 patients with supine upper abdomen were obtained,three dimensional structures of bone,liver,portal vein,inferior vena cava and hepatic vein in CT scan area were reconstructed in Mimics software.According to the size of interventional instruments,a virtual RUPS-100 puncture kit and an VIATORR stent were established in 3D MAX software. Computer simulations were performed to evaluate the route from the hepatic vein puncture portal vein using the RUPS-100 puncture kit and VIATORR stent release position.Results ①The establishment of individual three-dimensional model of patients was helpful for doctors to understand the spatial relation of hepatic vein and portal vein.②Through simulation,the puncture parameters of multi angle and multi position are obtained,which was helpful for the doctor to adjust the puncture direction according to the puncture point.③The position of the bare segment of the VIATORR stent in the portal vein was obtained by simulation,which was helpful for evaluating the length of the stent.④The preoperative simulation results included the simulation parameters for each patient puncture into left portal vein,right portal vein and portal vein bifurcation.In the actual operation,we punctured into the portal vein bifurcation in 4 cases,into the right branch in 2 cases and into the left in 2 cases.⑤Preoperative simulations were performed using 8 mm×6 cm×2 cm size VIATORR stent.Howere,the actual operation of the first case was lack of experience,and the stent position was lower,then we released a bare stent at the proximal end of the VIATORR stent.The rest of the cases were the same as the simulation results.Conclusion According to the three-dimensional model of the individual structure of the patient,the preoperative simulations have high fidelity.The simulation results of the parameters of the puncture and the release position of the stent could guide the actual operation more accurately.It is of practical value to improve the success rate of operation and to train residents.

OBJECTlVE To establish Tg(-6.3CYP3A65∶EGFP) transgenic zebrafish for quick, intuitive detection of heavy metals ( copper, cadmium and zinc) , dioxin-like PCBs ( PCB126) and other environmental pollutants. METHODS Tol2 transposon system was used to generate transgenic zebrafish lines Tg(-6.3CYP3A65∶EGFP) in which CYP3A65 promoter regualated labeled fluorescence. The effect of heavy mentals ( copper, cadmium and zinc ) and PCB126 on the relative amounts of CYP3A65 gene expression was determined by observing the change in fluorescence intensity. RESULTS The relative gene expression of CYP3A65 was significantly increased after 96 h exposure to copper 0.1 and 0.2μmol·L-1 , cadmium 0.35 and 0.7μmol·L-1 , zinc 1.5 and 3μmol·L-1 , and PCB126 2-32μmol·L-1 , respectively ( P<0.01) , but decreased after 96 h exposure to copper 0. 9 μmol·L-1 , cadmium 2. 7 and 5.4 μmol·L-1 , and zinc 24μmol·L-1 , respectively( P<0.01) . CYP3A65 gene expression was significantly increased after 168 h exposure to copper 0.1 and 0.2 μmol·L-1 , cadmium 0.35 and 0.7 μmol·L-1 , zinc 1.5 and 3 μmol·L-1, and PCB126 2-32 μmol·L-1, respectively(P<0.01), but decreased after 168 h exposure to copper 0.9 μmol·L-1, cadmium 2.7 and 5.4 μmol·L-1, and zinc 12 and 24 μmol·L-1( P<0.05) , in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSlON The results suggest that zebrafish CYP3A65 gene expression and the CYP3A65 labeled fluorescence lines can be another candidate biomarker for detecting environmental pollutants.

BACKGROUNDWhite blood cell (WBC) counts and differentials performed using an automated cell counter typically require manual microscopic review. However, this last step is time consuming and requires experienced personnel. We evaluated the clinical efficiency of using flow cytometry (FCM) employing a six-antibody/five-color reagent for verifying automated WBC differentials.

METHODSA total of 56 apparently healthy samples were assessed using a five-color flow cytometer to verify the normal reference ranges of WBC differentials. WBC differentials of 622 samples were also determined using both a cell counter and FCM. These results were then confirmed using manual microscopic methods.

RESULTSThe probabilities for all of the parameters of WBC differentials exceeded the corresponding normal reference ranges by no more than 7.5%. The resulting WBC differentials were well correlated between FCM and the cell counter (r > 0.88, P < 0.001), except in the case of basophils. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils were well correlated between FCM and standard microscopic cytology assessment (r > 0.80, P < 0.001). The sensitivities of FCM for identification of immature granulocytes and blast cells (72.03% and 22.22%, respectively) were higher than those of the cell counter method (44.92% and 11.11%, respectively). The specificities of FCM were all above 85%, substantially better than those of the cell counter method.

CONCLUSIONThese five-color FCM assays could be applied to accurately verify abnormal results of automated assessment of WBC differentials.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukocyte Count ; methods ; Leukocytes ; cytology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult