Objective: To investigate health equity status of the elderly with different socioeconomic status(SES)and provide basis for health promotion. Methods:The data of 2011-2012 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey was used to analyze health equity of the elderly with different SES. Results: There is an inverse socioeconomic gradient in self-evaluation of ill health and the prevalence of activity of daily living (ADL). The lower economic level is, the higher self-evaluation of ill health and the damage rate of ADL are, and the higher non-outpatient rate and non-hospitalization rate are; the urban elderly have better health and use more health services and the elderly in eastern region have better health and use more health services than those in eastern region. Conclusion: There is the health inequity for the elderly with different SES. In order to implement the health care insurance and medical assistance system of the elderly, it needs to allocate health resources to rural and western areas, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and improve the health level of the elderly.

Endovascular Procedures ; Humans ; Ischemia ; surgery ; Knee ; blood supply

Female ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tracheotomy ; methods

OBJECTIVETo introduce a new measuring tool for measuring postoperative limb length exactly, and to provide a convenient and effective method to control limb length after total hip replacement.

METHODSFrom January 2013 to September 2014, 102 patients undergoing primary unilateral hip replacement were divided into two groups: experimental group and control group. There were 51 patients in the experimental group, including 25 males and 26 females, ranging in age from 37 to 92 years old, with an average of 60.41 years old. The patients in experimental group were treated with new method to control limb length. Other 51 patients in the control group, including 27 males and 24 females, ranging in age from 35 to 87 years old, with an average of 61.00 years old. The patients in the control group were treated with normal methods such as shuck test or limb touching. All the patients were operated by the same experienced surgeon. In the experimental group,total hip arthroplasties (THA) were performed on 35 patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head or femoral neck fracture, and 16 patients were treated with hemiarthroplasty (HA). In the control group, 38 patients received THA and 13 patients received HA. On the anterior-posterior X-ray radiograph, several indexes were measured as follows: the distance of bilateral femoral offset (a), the height from tip of great trochanter to the rotation center of the femoral head (b) and the vertical distance between the top of the minor trochanter and the two tear drops line (c). The leg length discrepancy can be assessed with three parameters as follows: d1, the absolute value of the difference between the bilateral a values; d2, the difference between the bilateral b values; d3, the difference between the bilateral c values. The SPSS 21.0 was applied for the statistical analysis.

RESULTSIn the experimental and control groups, d1 were 4.49 mm and 7.32 mm (P = 0.013); d2 were 2.37 mm and 4.32 mm (P = 0.033); d3 were 3.32 mm and 6.08 mm (P = 0.031). The values of d1, d2 and d3 in the experimental group were significant smaller than those in the control group.

CONCLUSIONThe new measuring tool and method can be used to control the limb length and offset effectively during operation.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; adverse effects ; methods ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Leg Length Inequality ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective:To observe the impact of rehabilitation training,acupuncture-moxibustion combined with Danshen Chuanxiongqin acupoint injection on the patients with shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) after cerebral infarction (CI).Methods:82 patients with SHS after CI from March 2014 to March 2016 in our hospital were randomly divided into the group A and the group B (n=41).Patients in the group A received comprehensive drug therapy,acupuncture and rehabilitation training,the group B was given Danshen Chuanxiongqin acupoint injection therapy based on the group A.Before and after treatment,the upper limb movement function score (FMA),digital pain score (NRS),the degree of swelling in the shoulder joint,shoulder joint of motion (ROM),and neural function defect scale (CNFDS),daily life activities ability (MBI) and quality of life scores (WHOQOL) of patients in two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:After treatment,the scores of NRS,shoulder swelling,upper extremity CNFDS were significantly higher than those before treatment,the ROM,while the upper extremity FMA,MBI and WHOQOL of both groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),these index improved more significantly in group A than those of group B (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Rehabilitation training,acupuncture-moxibustion combined with Danshen Chuanxiongqin acupoint injection was more effective in the treatment of SHS after cerebral infarction than rehabilitation training and acupuncture-moxibustion.

The effects of ultrafine grinding on the dissolution rates of the effective components in Sanjie Zhentong capsule (SZC) were studied in this experiment. Fine and ultrafine powder of SZC intermediates were made by ordinary grinding and ultrafine grinding technology, and then granulated by wet granulation. SZC were prepared by fine powder, ultrafine powder and ultrafine granules, respectively. With resveratrol and loureirin B as investigated indexes, dissolution rates of the four intermediates in SZC were determined by cup method and HPLC. The dissolution rates of resveratrol in SZC prepared by fine powder, ultrafine powder and ultrafine granules were 26.11%, 63.27%, 67.49%, respectively; and the dissolution rates of loureirin B were 7.160%, 20.29%, 23.05%, respectively. The dissolution rate of resveratrol and loureirin B in SZC prepared by ultrafine granules was the best. D90 size of ultrafine grinding was 13.221 μm and could improve the dissolution rates of resveratrol and loureirin B in SZC.
Capsules ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Silicones ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Objective To understand the current situation of endemic fluorosis in Shandong Province,and to provide a scientific basis for development of control strategies.Methods In accordance with the requirements of the national Surveillance Scheme of Drinking-Water-Borne Endemic Fluorosis (Trial) and Shandong Provincial Surveillance Scheme of Drinking-Water-Borne Endemic Fluorosis (Trial),and to understand the progress of the province's water-improvement projects,10 counties were chosen in the province,and 10 water-improvement projects were selected in each county.Running condition of the water-improvement projects was investigated,and water fluoride content was tested.Three epidemic villages were chosen as fixed monitoring villages in each county.In each village,fluoride content in drinking water was determined,and dental fluorosis of all children aged 8 to 12 was diagnosed.Water fluoride content was determined by fluoride ion selective electrode method,and dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 was diagnosed by Dean method.Results ① There were 3570 water defluoridation projects in the province,and water-improvement rate was 87.49％ (10 122/11 569).Normal operating projects accounted for 89.10％ (3181/3570),and the passing rate of water fluoride content was 73.14％ (2611/3570),with the maximum water fluoride as 9.71 mg/L.② In the 10 counties,a total of 86 waterimprovement projects were monitored.Normal operation,intermittent operation and scrapped projects accounted for 95.35％ (82/86),3.49％ (3/86) and 1.16％ (1/86),respectively,and passing rate of fluoride content in water was 50.00％ (43/86),and the maximum water fluoride was 5.32 mg/L.③ In the 27 monitored villages with improved water quality,the passing rate of fluoride content in water was 74.07％ (20/27),and the maximum water fluoride was 4.50mg/L.In the 3 monitored villages without improved water quality,villages of mean water fluoride ≤ 1.20 mg/L and ＞ 1.20 mg/L accounted for 33.33％ (1/3) and 66.67％ (2/3),respectively,and the maximum water fluoride was 1.53 mg/L.④ In the 27 monitored villages with improved water quality,the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 was 57.65％(791/1372),and the detection rate of defect type dental fluorosis was 7.80％(107/1372); the index of dental fluorosis was 1.15.In the 3 monitored villages without improved water quality,the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 was 50.97％ (80/155),and the detection rate of defect type dental fluorosis was 7.10％(11/155); the index of dental fluorosis was 1.16.Conclusions In Shandong Province,the running condition of water improvement project to reduce fluoride still needs to be further improved,and the water fluoride is seriously overweight and endemic fluorosis has not been effectively controlled.Preventive measures should be strengthened.

Objective To discuss the key points of endovascular therapy for complex subclavian artery occlusive diseases. Methods During the period from January 2012 to December 2013, a total of 92 patients with complex subclavian artery occlusive disease were admitted to Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The features of the lesions, the success rate of endovascular therapy, the use of combined approaches, the relief of symptoms after treatment, etc. were evaluated. Results The complex subclavian artery occlusive diseases could be divided into three types. Type Ⅰ: long segment of the left subclavian artery was occluded; type Ⅱ: ostial stenosis or occlusion of the right subclavian artery; and type Ⅲ: subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion was associated with the ostial disorder of the vertebral artery, or the opening of vertebral artery was affected by the subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion. The technical success rate was 82.6%. Combination use of femoral artery and brachial artery approach was employed in 27.2% of patients, which had improved the technical success rate. After the treatment the symptom improvement rate was 81.6%. Conclusion Upper limb artery approach can improve the re-canalization rate of left subclavian artery with long segment occlusion, and can ensure the accurate positioning of stent at the site of right subclavian artery opening. During the procedure of endovascular intervention for subclavian artery occlusion disease, attention should be paid to the protection of the vertebral artery.

Objective To investigate the spatial distribution and clustering areas of Budd-Chiari syndrome in Heze City,Shandong Province,and to provide epidemiological information for further exploring the etiology and related risk factors of the disease.Methods Detailed residential addresses of 342 cases of patients (residents of Heze City) with diaphragm type Budd-Chiari syndrome diagnosed between 1995 and 2004 in Heze Municipal Hospital,Heze Shan County Central Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College,Shandong Provincial Hospital and Beijing Xuanwu Hospital were collected.Geographic information system (GIS) was used as a platform for data management and display.The nearest neighbor index,Ripley's K(d) function,Ripley's L(d) function and the nearest neighbor clustering method were applied to detect the spatial characters of Budd-Chiari syndrome in Heze City,Shandong Province.Crimestat 3.0 was used for spatial analysis.Results The nearest neighbor distance analysis showed that the nearest neighbor index was 0.6767 (Z =-11.4387,P ＜ 0.01).That was an aggregation at the first-order spatial scale.Within the study area,the first clustering radius of Budd-Chiari syndrome was 6.66 km,and the first clustering strength was 5.40; the average radius of the strongest clustering area was 126.61 km,and the clustering strength was 12.52,while the biggest clustering radius was larger than 222 km.After corrected by population,the gathering strength was slightly higher than that before the correction.Ten first-order hot spots were formed,and 95％ confidence interval aggregation number was 7,which meant the results were statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05),main clustering areas are in Mudan District,Shan County and Juancheng.One secondorder hot spot was gathered based on the first-order hot spot.Conclusions Spatial distribution of Budd-Chiari syndrome in Heze City,Shandong Province has showed spatial aggregation and heterogeneity.This study has a great epidemiological significance for further exploring the cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Objective To investigate surgical opportunity and suitable treatment approach in nodular Hashimoto's disease.Methods An analysis was performed in 388 pathologically confirmed cases with nodular Hashimoto's disease and other thyroid-related diseases.All the cases were involved with surgical treatment due to thyroid nodules from June,1995 to Dec,2005.Results Among the above-mentioned cases,64 cases (16.5%) were Hashimoto's disease with the presence of thyroid cancer,190 (48.9%) nodular thyroid tumor,94 (24.2%) thyroid adenoma,7 (1.8%) hyperthyroidism,the rest (8.5%) simple Hashimoto's disease.Prior to 2000, among 106 cases of Hashimoto's disease there were 15 cases accompanied by thyroid cancer.Since 2001,282 cases of Hashimoto's disease were dealt surgically,49 of which had thyroid cancer.Compared to the period from 1995 to 2000,the complication of Hashimoto's disease and thyroid cancer has been sharply increasing during the recent five years (P