Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is safe and effective concentration formulation which is obtained from the plasma of health adults.Domestic IVIG was used in clinical since 1979 by Liao Qingkui,who are pediatric doctor form West China Second Hospital.Researches on clinical applications of IVIG are quickly developed at home and abroad,which now become the indispcnsable treatment for primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases,autoimmune diseases,infectious disease(especially for virus),stem cell or organ transplantation and ICU areas.Treatment dose and course are administered accordding to individuals and pharmacokinetic characteristics of IVIG,immunoglobulin rose to peak of drug concentration quickly,and recovery to the original level of plasma after 3-4 weeks.Common therapeutic dose of IVIG recommended by the literature were 400mg/(kg·per time),3-5 d,or 1000 mg/(kg·per time),2d,or 2000 mg/(kg·per time),1d,which were usually used for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,Kawasaki disease patients.Treatment perscription of 200-600 mg/(kg·per time),1 d,and once every 2-6 weeks are used for immunodeficiency diseases and infections.Now,the clinical application of IVIG was reviewed.

Objective To investigate the distribution of water fluoride and the present status of water-improving defuoridation projects in the endmie fluorosis areas in Gansu Province in 2006. Methods The content of fluoride in drinking water in 18 endemic disease counties was screened, and the defluoridation projects built after the 1980s were supervised and inspected. The content of fluoride in drinking water was assessed by F-ion selective electrode. Results Fluoride content was determined in water of 6260 sources in 1252 fluorosis villages in 18 counties, with 63.50% (3975/6260)≤1.0 mg/L and 36.50%(2285/6260)>1.0 mg/L. Nine hundred and ninty-seven water-improving and clefluoridation projects had been investigated in 16 counties, among which 95.49% (952/997) were function well, and projects intermittently running or abandoned respectively accounted for 3.11% (31/997) and 1.40%(14/997). Nine hundred and eighty-three sources of water treated by the water-improving and defluoridation projects had been determined for fluoride content, it turned out that 91.76% (902/983) were within the standard, only 8.24% (81/983) were not; as for outlet and leftover water of 934 water-improving and defluoridatian projects determined for water fluoride content, qualified projects accounted for 92.08% (860/934) and 91.97%(859/934), leaving 7.92%(74/934) and 8.03%(75/934) disqualified, respectively. Water-improving and defluoridation projects mostly relied on drilling a well in gaining under-ground water or collecting surface-ground water, so under-ground water and surface-ground water are the majority. Conclusions Water fluoride content exceeds the standard in some of the villages. A few projects do not function well. Fluorosis damage still exists in Gansu Province, therefore countermeasures for endemic fluorosis must be carried out as promptly as possible and surveillance on water-improving and defluoridation projects must be strengthened and managed.

To establish a method for detecting microdialysis recovery of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and ferulic acid (FA) and investigating the influencing factors, providing the basis for further in vivo microdialysis experiments. The concentration of FA and TMP in dialysates were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography ( HPLC) and probe recovery were calculated respectively. The influence of the flow rates, medium concentration, temperature and in vivo probe stability on the recovery of FA and TMP were investigated by using concentration difference method (incremental method and decrement method). The recovery obtained by incremental method were similar to by decrement method. The in vitro recovery rate of FA and TMP decreased with the increase of 1-2.5 μL min(-1), and increased obviously with the temperature of 25-42 degrees C under the same conditions. The concentration of FA and TMP had no obvious effect on the probe recovery under the same flow rate. In addition, the recovery of TMP and FA remained stable and showed similar trends under the condition of four concentration cycles, indicating that the intra day reproducibility of the concentration difference method was good. The recovery of brain microdialysis probes in vivo 8 h maintained a relatively stable, but certain differences existed between different brain microdialysis probes, demonstrating that each probe was required for recovery correction in vivo experiment. Microdialysis sampling can be used for the local brain pharmacokinetic study of FA and TMP, and retrodialysis method can be used in probe recovery of FA and TMP in vivo.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumaric Acids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Microdialysis ; methods ; Pyrazines ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats

BACKGROUND: Nanosphere, an ideal nonviral gene delivery vector, is not excellence of immunogenicity and oncogenicity. Nanotechnology and gene interference are used to block hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression in esophageal squamous carcinoma tissue and decrease tolerance of malignant cells to chemotherapeutics. Theoretically, they become effective methods to inhibit malignant cell growth of esophageal squamous carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: To study the inhibitory effect of small interference RNA targeting HIF-1α (siRNA-HIF-1α) nanospheres on human esophageal squamous cancer TE-1 cell growth. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Based on in vitro cultured esophageal squamous cancer TE-1 cells, a completely randomized controlled study was performed at the Central Laboratory, the Third Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University from January 2007 to December 2008. MATERIALS: siRNA-HIF-1α was synthesized by Shanghai Bioengineering Company; siRNA-HIF-1α nanospheres were prepared using solvent evaporation technique; human esophageal squamous cancer TE cell strain was provided by Shanghai Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. METHODS: TE-1 cells cultured in vitro were assigned into four groups: saline, gene-free nanospheres, siRNA-HIF-1α, and siRNA-HIF-1α nanospheres groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: HIF-1α mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR; HIF-1α protein expression was detected by Western blot; apoptosis of TE-1 cells was determined by flow cytometry; TE-1 cell growth was examined by MTT. RESULTS: At 72 hours after treatment, both HIF-1α mRNA expression and HIF-1α protein expression in the siRNA-HIF-1α nanospheres group were significantly less than other three groups (P < 0.01), but apoptotic rate was significantly greater than other three groups (P < 0.01). TE-1 cell growth was remarkably inhibited in the siRNA-HIF-1α nanospheres group, which was significantly different compared with other three groups (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: siRNA-HIF-1α nanospheres can specifically reduce both HIF-1α mRNA and HIF-1α protein expressions in esophageal squamous carcinoma TE-1 cells, significantly increase tumor cell apoptosis, and remarkably inhibit TE-1 cell growth.

Objective To understand distribution of the endemic fluorosis areas and running status of water-improving defuoridation projects in Gausu province. Methods In 2006, Gansu province endemic fluorosis areas, the content of fluoride in drinking water was measured in villages where water was not improved, running status of delluoridation projects was investigated and the content of fluoride in drinking water were determined in villages where water was improved. Dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis prevalence were examined in children in identified high-fluorlde villages. The fluorine content in drinking water was determined by F-ion selective electrode, dental fluorosis of children was diagnosed using Dean method, and adults skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to "National Standard for Clinical Diagnosis of Endemic Skeletal Fhiorosis" (GB 16396-1996). Results Water samples were examined in 1997 villages of 26 countries, among which water fluoride content was higher than 1.0 mg/L in 598 villages, accounting for 29.94%(598/1997). All 1215 water-improving and defluoridation projects had been investigated, among which 94.90%(1153/1215) of the projects were functioning well, and intermittent and abandoned projects accounted for 2.96%(36/1215) and 2.14%(26/1215). Mean fluoride of treated water of 1084 water-improving and defluoridation projects had water fluoride content ≤ 1.0 mg/L, accounted for 90.79%(1084/1194) ; mean fluoride of water from 1068 water-improving and defluoridation projects had water fuoride content ≤ 1.0 mg/L, accounting for 91.75%(1068/1164). Total 86 390 children of 8 to 12 year-old were examined, the detectable rate of dental fluorosis was 22.47%(19 414/86 390) and 142 211 adults above 16 year-old were examined, the detectable rate of skeletal fluorosis was 4.20%(5967/142 211). Conclusions Some villages yet have water fluoride content exceeding the standard. Some projects are abandoned and running badly, leading to fluoride content exceeding the standard. In a few areas, the prevalence of children dental fluorosis and adult skeletal fluorosis still exists in Gansu province, the task of prevention and control for endemic fluorosis is still arduous. We must raise the effect of prevention and treatment of this disease.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the application of condensed Chinese version of the MOS 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) in assessment of quality of life among adult patients with Kashin-Beck disease,and to provide a scientific basis in rehabilitation of the patients.Methods Four hundred and twenty seven eases of adult patients with Kashin-Back disease and 419 healthy individuals randomly selected in Kashin-Beck disease endemic areas in 8 counties of Gansu province were surveyed with the SF-36.The reliability of the SF-36 was assessed by split-half reliability and Cronbach's α coefficient and the validity through principal component factor analysis and correlation analysis,etc.The dimension scores of different people were obtained by analysis of variance and univariate t-test.Results The split-half reliability of all the 8 dimensions was greater than 0.6 and the Cronbach's α coefficient was greater than 0.8; the pearson correlate coefficients of all the items to their dimensions were greater than 0.391.SF-36 contained 8 domains and 2 summary scales in the factor analysis.The score differences of quality of life in different ages of the patients,different stages of the disease were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The SF-36 is practical in studying the quality of life among adult patients with Kashin-Beck Disease.

OBJECTIVETo study the cellular compatibility of type I collagen scaffold and human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC(S)) in order to explore appropriate scaffold materials for adipose tissue engineering.

METHODSThe morphology and function of the ADSC(S) were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope, scanning electron microscope and XTT assay when cocultured type I collagen scaffold with ADSC(S) in vitro. Cells adhesive rates were also calculated.

RESULTADSC(S) were able to attach, grow and proliferate well on the scaffolds.

CONCLUSIONcollagen I scaffold exhibits excellent cellular compatibility and can be used as a vehicle for adipose tissue engineering.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Adult Stem Cells ; cytology ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Collagen Type I ; chemistry ; Humans ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

OBJECTIVETo explore the possibility of building tissue-engineered adipose tissue and looking for a new approach for the repair of soft tissue defects.

METHODSThe cells using enzymatic digestion from human liposuction part of the lipid extract were used as adipose tissue-derived cells and labeled with DiI fluorescent marker, the induced group using I collagen scaffold material as a carrier, the induced cell were planted into left back subcutaneously in nude mice at 1 x 10(7)/ml cell density, in the uninduced group cells were not induced by any, in the same cell density and type I collagen scaffold composite inoculated in nude right mouse back skin, the blank control group I collagen scaffold gaps in nude mice inoculated subcutaneously center of the neck, each of the six mice; Remove implants after 12 weeks and judge the adipogenic capacity through general and fluorescence microscopy, wet - determination, histological detection and oil red O staining qualitative.

RESULTSThe primary source of fat cultured stem cells, similar to the fibroblast morphology, and has a strong proliferative capacity. In the role of adipose differentiation medium, it can be the mature fat cells in which cytoplasmic lipid droplets gather, oil red O staining was positive. In the induced group, newborn tissue were found in the experimental groups of nude mice and its average weight is about 0.020 g. Conventional pathological slices and oil red O staining confirmed it is mature adipose tissue, the fluorescence staining positive confirm them are exogenous. Uninduced group newborn tissue are found in the experimental groups of nude mice and its average weight is about 0.014 g. Conventional pathological slices and oil red O staining confirmed it include some mature adipose tissue, the fluorescence staining positive confirm them are exogenous. Two groups of the new wet weight with have statistical significance (P < 0.01); gaps in the control group no new organization formed.

CONCLUSIONSThe cells using enzymatic digestion from human liposuction part of the lipid extract are adipose tissue-derived cells. The cells can be as seed cells and with solid scaffold of collagen type I it can become fat tissue in vivo successfully.

Adipose Tissue ; cytology ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Collagen Type I ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

BACKGROUND: The majority of children with β-thalassemia major have iron overload, and iron overload may have negative effects on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of liver and cardiac iron overload detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2* on HLA-identical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with β-thalassemia major. METHODS: Eighty-one children with β-thalassemia major who were over 3 years of age and could cooperate with MRI detection were subjected to liver and heart MRI T2* tests before or after HLA-identical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. According to the test results, we calculated the liver and cardiac iron content, defined as an indicator of liver and heart iron overload. Then, there was a correlation analysis between the liver and cardiac iron content and serum ferritin, time of hematopoietic reconstitution, mortality rate, implantation rate and the morbidity of transplantation related complications, such as graft-versus-host disease, infections, autoimmune hemolysis, pancytopenia, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, septicemia. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The liver iron content was positively correlated with the time of hemoglobin implantation (r=0.229, P=0.043), and the cardiac iron content were positively correlated with the mortality rate (r=0.266, P=0.017); the serum ferritin level was negatively correlated with the implantation rate (r=-0.289, P=0.009), and positively correlated with the morbidity of septicemia (r=0.251, P=0.024) and pancytopenia (r=0.276, P=0.013). Therefore, iron overload exerts negative effects on HLA-identical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in β-thalassemia major children, and it is necessary to detect serum ferritin level and assess liver and cardiac iron overload before cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes and the possibility of adipose tissue engineering using dedifferentiated adipocytes.

METHODSHuman adipose tissue was harvested from healthy women undergoing abdominal liposuction procedures, and mature adipocytes were isolated with enzymatic digestion and cultured by ceiling adherent culture method, using the third-passage cells for subsequent experiment. The cells were cultured in adipogenic, chondrogenic or osteogenic media, and Oil red-O staining, Alcian blue staining and Alizarin red staining were used for dedifferentiation identification. The third-passage cells labeled with DiI were mixed with fibrin glue and injected subcutaneously on one side of the nude mouse back (n=6), and fibrin glue solution without cells as control was injected on the other side (n=6). After 8 weeks of cell implantation, the specimens were harvested for general observation and histological, Oil red-O staining and fluorescent microscope analyses.

RESULTSMature adipocytes were round, unilocular cells. After ceiling adherent culture, the adipocytes underwent morphological changes into fibroblast-like cells indicating their dedifferentiation. The dedifferentiated adipocytes were induced for adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation in specified media. Eight weeks after the cell injection in nude mice, newly formed tissue occurred which was identified as mature adipose tissue. The implants without cells were completely absorbed in the control group.

CONCLUSIONMature adipocytes can dedifferentiate in vitro culture, and the dedifferentiated adipocytes are capable of differentiating into adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. Adipose tissue engineering can be achieved in vivo using the dedifferentiated adipocytes as the seed cells.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Adipogenesis ; Adult ; Animals ; Cell Dedifferentiation ; Chondrogenesis ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Osteogenesis ; Time Factors ; Tissue Engineering ; methods