Objective To determine the activities of 131I for treating differentiated thyroid carcinoma with diffuse pulmonary metastases ( DTC-DPM ) from the perspective of internal radiation dosimetry.Methods According to Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry (MIRD) schema, the activity constraint,from which the whole bdy retention at 48 h should not exceed 2.96 GBq (2.96 GBq rule), was converted to dose-rate constraint(DRC) to lungs at 48 h ( DRCLU ·48 h ) in 131I therapy for DTC-DPM. Based on the assumption of DRCLU·48 h at 48 h in lung, the fractions of whole body activities ( F48 ), the effective half times of 131I in lungs ( TLL ) and the remainder of body ( TRB ) were 0.6-0.9, 20- 120 h, and 10- 20 h, respectively. The maximum safe activities of 131I for different human phantoms from the Organ Level Internal Dose Assessment (OLINDA) software were calculated. Results According to MIRD schema and 2.96 GBq rule, DRCLU ·48 h should not exceed 46.4 mGy/h in 131I therapy for DTC-DPM. Depending on varying F48 h,TLL and TRB, the maximum safe activities of 131I were 6.77-81.36, 5.29-56.20, 5.08-55.19 and 3.87-40. 52 GBq for the male adult, female adult, 15-year-old, and 10-year-old patients with DTC-DPM, respec tively. Conclusion Dosimetry-guided 131I therapy for DTC-DPM considers adequately the differences of 131I kinetics in individual patients and can adjust administered activities of 131I on the precondition of avoiding radiological pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis.

Streptococcus salivarius K12 is a kind of bacteria that settled in the mucosal epithelium of human mouth and nasopharynx shortly after human birth. It is found that Streptococcus salivarius K12 is a probiotic beneficial to human health. Many studies have confirmed that Streptococcus salivarius K12 has bioactive effects against oral and oropharyngeal inflammation and infection, dental caries, halitosis and oral epithelial damage. This paper reviews the research progress of Streptococcus salivarius K12 in the prevention and treatment of oral and oropharyngeal diseases.

OBJECTIVETo analysis the early complications of tibial fracture and its related factors, and propose a solution.

METHODSFrom December 2003 to December 2013,38 patients with early complications of tibial plateau fracture after operation were retrospectively analyzed. There were 35 males and 3 females, aged from 37 to 69 years old (averaged 42.3 years). According to Schatzker classification, 3 cases were classified as type II, 2 cases as type III, 2 cases as type IV, 19 cases as type V, 12 cases as type VI. The intervals between injury and operation ranged from 9 hours to 9 days, 26 cases within 3 days. Fifteen cases were treated with internal fixation of plates and 23 were treated by plate fixation and bone transplantation. Early complications included skin necrosis in 15 cases, infection in 6 cases, osteofascial compartment syndrome in 3 cases, common peroneal nerve injury in 2 cases, the superficial peroneal nerve injury in 3 cases, popliteal artery injury in 2 cases, loss of reduction in 7 cases.

RESULTSThe wound of 14 cases healed at the first stage and 24 cases healed delay. Hospitalization days ranged from 7 to 67 days (averaged 25.6 days). All patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months with an average of 16.4 months. The fracture healing time ranged from 3 to 9 months (averaged 6.9 months). According to Merchant knee function evaluation criteria, the results were excellent in 19 cases, good in 12, fair in 5 and poor in 2.

CONCLUSIONEarly complications of tibial fracture after operation is closely associated with the severe fracture complexity and related with preoperative preparation, surgical timing, operation incision selection and surgical technique. Early detection and timely processing reduce damage.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; therapy ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutical effects of crossing anastomosis of nerve on the peripheral and central nerve injuries.

METHODSTwelve kinds of central and peripheral nerve disorders and their complications were treated with 11 kinds of crossing anastomosis of nerve bundles near the innervated organs. After nerve injury and repair, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing studies were used to investigate the rabbit's nerve function and morphology.

RESULTSThe ulcers of all patients healed. Sensation, voluntary movement, and joint function recovered. Four weeks after the anastomosis of distal stump of radialis superficialis nerve and median nerve, pain sensation regained and SEPs appeared. HRP retrograde tracing studies demonstrated sensory nerve ending of medial nerve formed new connection with the body of neuron.

CONCLUSIONCrossing anastomosis of nerve is an effective method to treat peripheral and central nerve injuries.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Animals ; Central Nervous System ; injuries ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peripheral Nerves ; surgery ; Rabbits ; Trauma, Nervous System ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEHenoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) and IgA nephropathy are very similar in immunopathological changes, and therefore some nephrologists considered that they are substantially one disease entity caused by IgA immune abnormalities, and IgA nephropathy is, in fact, a kind of HSPN without rashes. The present study aimed to characterize their relationship through clinico-pathological comparison between IgA nephropathy and HSPN.

METHODSThirty-one children with IgA nephropathy aged from 3 to 15 years and 120 children with HSPN aged between 4 to 15 years were enrolled in this study. Their clinical manifestations, blood biochemical test, serum immunology and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. Renal pathological findings in light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy were analyzed and also compared between 31 children with IgA nephropathy and 32 children with HSPN.

RESULTSThe age of onset was over 12 years in 25.8% children with IgA nephropathy, but only in 10% with HSPN, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). The clinical patterns of IgA nephropathy and HSPN were similar, but extra-renal manifestations were seen more often in HSPN, all of them had skin purpura, 59% had gastrointestinal symptoms and 47% suffered from arthralgia. While the abdominal pain occurred only in 3.2% children with IgA nephropathy. The renal pathological investigation showed global sclerosis in 35.5% of IgA nephropathy and 3.1% of HSPN, mesangial sclerosis in 41.9% of IgA nephropathy and 6.3% of HSPN, but endothelial proliferation in 65.6% of HSPN and 29% of IgA nephropathy. The differences were extremely significant (P < 0.01). Thin basement membrane nephropathy were only found in 6.5% children with IgA nephropathy, but in none with HSPN. The electronic dense deposits in HSPN were sparse, loose and widely spread in glomerular mesangium, subendothelial area and even intra basement membrane. While the deposits were dense, lumpy and mostly limited in mesangium and paramesangium in IgA nephropathy. IgG was found in glomerular immune deposits in 71.9% of HSPN, but only 19.4% of IgA nephropathy. No IgG deposit was observed in 81.6% of IgA nephropathy, among them most showed IgA and IgM and/or C(3) deposit. Predominant IgG deposits were found in 12.5% of HSPN with relatively weak IgA deposit, moreover 6.3% of HSPN showed linear IgG deposits in glomerular capillary wall, which couldn't be found in IgA nephropathy. The follow-up data of average 20 months showed complete remission in 72.5% of HSPN and 19.4% in IgA nephropathy after 34 months follow-up. Moreover, 64.5% of IgA nephropathy had consistent hematuria and proteinuria, 16.1% had active nephritides, the difference was significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSignificant clinico-pathological differences were found between HSPN and IgA nephropathy, which does not support the one disease entity hypothesis. HSPN and IgA nephropathy are probably two diseases with similar immune abnormalities.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; blood ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Immunologic Tests ; Male ; Nephritis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Prognosis ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; complications

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of propofol combined with indomethacin on the contractile function of isolated human pulmonary arteries.

METHODSHuman pulmonary artery preparations were obtained from patients undergoing surgery for lung carcinoma. The intrapulmonary arteries were dissected and cut into rings under microscope for treatment with propofol or propofol combined with indomethacin. In each group, the rings were divided into endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded groups and mounted in a Multi Myograph system. In propofol group, the rings were preconstricted by U46619 to induce a sustained contraction, and propofol (10-300 mmol/L) was then applied cumulatively. In the combined treatment group, the rings were pretreated with indomethacin (100 µmol/L) for 30 min before application of U46619 to induce sustained contraction, and propofol (10-300 µmol/L) was added cumulatively after the tension became stable.

RESULTSPropofol (10-100 µmol/L) induced constrictions at low concentrations and caused relaxations at higher concentrations (100-300 µmol/L) in the pulmonary artery rings with prior U46619-induced contraction. Propofol caused stronger constrictions in endothelium-intact rings [EC=4.525∓0.37, Emax=(30.44∓2.92)%] than in endothelium-denuded rings [EC=4.699∓0.12, Emax=(31.19∓5.10)%, P<0.05]. Pretreatment of the rings with indomethacin abolished constrictions, and the relaxation was more obvious in endothelium-intact group [pD=3.713∓0.11, Emax=(98.72∓0.34)%] than in endothelium- denuded group [pD=3.54∓0.03, Emax=(94.56∓0.53)%, P<0.05].

CONCLUSIONPropofol induces constriction at low concentrations and relaxation at high concentrations in human intrapulmonary arteries with U46619-induced contraction. Indomethacin abolishes the constriction induced by propofol in isolated intrapulmonary arteries, suggesting that propofol potentiates U46619-mediated pulmonary vasoconstriction by promoting the concomitant production of prostaglandin by cyclooxygenase in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, and the mechanism for its relaxation effect may partly depend on the endothelium.

Urinary brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF),an ubiquitous neurotrophin,was found to rise in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).We hypothesized that the urinary level of BDNF could be a potential biomarker for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with BPH.Totally,76 patients with BPH-caused LUTS and 32 male control subjects without BPH were enrolled.International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was applied to assess the symptom severity of LUTS.Urodynamic tests were performed for the diagnosis of underlying detrusor overactivity (DO) in the patients with BPH.Urine samples were collected from all subjects.Urinary BDNF levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and normalized by urinary creatinine (Cr) levels.Seventy-six BPH patients were divided into moderate LUTS group (n=51,7＜IPSS ≤ 20) and severe LUTS group (n=25,IPSS＞20) according to the IPSS.Of the 76 BPH patients,DO was present in 34 (44.7％)according to the urodynamic test.The urinary BDNF/Cr levels were significantly higher in BPH patients with moderate LUTS (8.29±3.635,P＜0.0001) and severe LUTS (11.8±6.44,P＜0.0001) than normal controls (1.71±0.555).Patients with severe LUTS tended to have higher urinary BDNF/Cr levels than patients with moderate LUTS (11.8±6.44 vs.8.29±3.635,P=0.000).The conditions of BPH with LUTS correlated with elevated urinary BDNF levels,and urinary BDNF levels were even higher in BPH-DO patients.The results of this study have provided evidence to suggest that urinary BDNF level test could evaluate the severity of LUTS in BPH patients,and BDNF level can be used as a biornarker for the diagnosis of DO in BPH patients.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the levels of airway inflammatory mediators in peripheral blood in infants and young children with wheezing and to study the possible pathogenesis of wheezing from the aspects of T helper cell 1 (Th1)/T helper cell 2 (Th2) imbalance and airway inflammation. METHODS: A total of 50 children aged 1 month to 3 years with an acute wheezing episode were enrolled as the wheezing group, and 25 age-matched healthy infants were enrolled as the healthy control group. According to the number of wheezing episodes, the wheezing group was divided into a first-episode group (n=25) and a recurrent wheezing (number of episodes ≥2) group (n=25). According to the presence or absence of high-risk factors for asthma, the wheezing group was divided into a high-risk factor group (n=22) and a non-high-risk factor group (n=28). According to the results of pathogen detection, the wheezing group was divided into a positive pathogen group (n=23) and a negative pathogen group (n=27). Levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-13 (IL-13), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and total IgE (TIgE) in peripheral blood were measured for each group. For children with wheezing, eosinophil (EOS) count in peripheral blood was measured, and related samples were collected for respiratory pathogen detection. RESULTS: The wheezing group had significantly higher levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TGF-β1, and TIgE in peripheral blood than the healthy control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TGF-β1, and TIgE in peripheral blood between the first-episode and recurrent wheezing groups, between the high-risk factor and non-high-risk factor groups, and between the positive pathogen and negative pathogen groups (P>0.05). The correlation analysis showed that in children with wheezing, EOS count was positively correlated with IL-4 level (P<0.01), IL-4 level was positively correlated with IL-5 and IL-13 levels (P<0.01), IL-5 level was positively correlated with IL-13 level (P<0.01), and IL-2 level was positively correlated with TGF-β1 level (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Th1/Th2 imbalance with a predominance of Th2 is observed in infants and young children with wheezing. IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TGF-β1, and IgE are involved in the pathogenesis of wheezing in these children. Airway inflammation is also observed in these children with wheezing, but it is not associated with the number of wheezing episodes, presence or absence of high-risk factors for asthma, or results of pathogen detection.
Asthma ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Inflammation Mediators ; Interleukin-13 ; Respiratory Sounds ; Th1 Cells

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and related mechanisms of hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein on cell cycle and growth in hepatocellular carcinoma.

METHODSA human hepatocyte HepG2 cell line stably expressing a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged HBx (HepG2/GFP-HBx cells) was used for the experiment, and HepG2 parental and HepG2/GFP cells was used as the controls. Effect of HBx on cell growth was evaluated by the MTT cell proliferation assay and on cell cycle progression by flow cytometry analysis of cells with or without treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR; 5 pmol/L). Effect of HBx expression on promoter methylation status of the p16INK4A tumor-suppressor gene was detected by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and on p16 protein level was analyzed with western blotting.

RESULTSThe HepG2/GFP-HBx cells showed significantly higher cell proliferation at 72 hrs of culture (3.225+/-0.038 A490) than either control (HepG2: 2.012+/-0.022 A490, t = -46.86, P less than 0.001; HepG2/GFP: 2.038+/-0.029 A490, t = 42.51, P less than 0.001). The HepG2/GFP-HBx cells also showed significantly lower proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase (16.45%+/-0.45%) than either control (HepG2: 44.81%+/-1.36%, t = -34.202, P less than 0.001; HepG2/GFP: 42.76%+/-1.58%, t = -28.88, P less than 0.001). However, 5-Aza-CdR treatment did lead to a significant amount of HepG2/GFP-HBx cells being arrested in the G0/G1 phase (33.25%+/-0.79%, t = 31.85, P less than 0.001). The p16INK4A promoter was methylated in the HepG2/GFP-HBx cells, and became demethylation after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR. However, no methylation of p16INK4A promoter was observed in both HepG2 and HepG2/GFP cells. The p16 protein level was significantly lower in the HepG2/GFP-HBx (vs. HepG2 and HepG2/GFP cells) and this level increased after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR.

CONCLUSIONHBx protein promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell cycle progression and growth by shortening the G0/G1 phase, and the underlying mechanism may involve inducing p16INK4A promoter methylation and downregulating p16 protein expression.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, p16 ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatitis B virus ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Trans-Activators ; pharmacology

Eye Diseases ; prevention & control ; Home Care Services ; Humans ; Schools ; Single-Blind Method ; Students ; Urban Population