Objective To investigate the correlation risk factors of diabedc nephropathy(DN)in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Eighty-six cases of elderly T2DM were divided into two groups,DN group(43 cases)and NDN group(43 cases).Their age,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2 hour postprandial glucose(2hPG),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)were observed.Results Compared with that in NDN group,2hPG,TG,SBP,HbA1c wag obviously increased in DN group[(14.13±4.46)mmol/L vs(11.19 ±4.22)mmol/L,(1.51±0.79)mmol/L vs(1.20 ±0.53)mmol/L,(141.16±19.08)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)vs(132.79 ±17.40)mn Hg,(7.55±2.09)%vs(6.65±2.02)%](P<0.01 or<0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed that the risk factors of DN included 2hPG and TG.Conclusion DN in T2DM is related with 2hPG and TG.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism responsible for lost sensibility of tyrosine aminotransferase(TAT)to dexam- ethasone(Dex)in human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 through examining the cDNA sequence of TAT and the status of glucocorticoid receptor(GR)pathway.Methods:The TAT cDNA fragment containing the full length of coding sequence was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and was sequenced.The expression of TAT mRNA was determined by real-time quantitative PCR to observe the influence of Dex on expression of TAT mRNA in SMMC-7721 cells.The experiement with HepG2 cells was performed as the control.Reporter genes(GRE-tk-LUC and GRE-MMTV-CAT)were transiently transfected into SMMC-7721 cells by electroporation.The induction efficiencies of LUC and CAT genes expression by Dex were examined and compared between SMMC-7721 cells and HepG2 cells.Results:The results showed that there was a same-sense mutation(Gln576Gln)in TAT cDNA se- quence.TAT mRNA could be induced by Dex,with the maximal induction level being 2.22-folds in SMMC-7721 cells,which was signifi- cantly lower than that in HepG2 cells(15.1-fold increase,P

Objective To observe the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cholesterol gallstones formation in C57BL/6 mice with diet-induced cholesterol gallstone,and then explore the potential mechanism.Methods Fifty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (10 mice in each group),referring to control group,experimental group,experimental plus DHA group,experimental plus EPA group,as well as experimental plus DHA and EPA group.The mice in control group were fed with regular diet,and the rest of the mice with lithogenic diet (LD).Subsequent to feeding the mice with separate diets for two weeks,EPA and/or DHA (70 mg · kg-1 · d-1) were orally administered for eight weeks,while the LD feeding was continued during this period.After a total of 10 weeks,the mice were dissected to observe the gallstone formation.The levels of serum lipids,total cholesterol (TC) and phospholipids (PL) in bile,and TC in the liver were tested,and the protein expression of HMGCR,SRBI,ABCG5/ABCG8,CYP7A1 and ABCB11genes in the liver of mice was measured.Results Compared with the experimental group,the experimental plus EPA group had significantly lower TC in liver (0.033 ±0.008 mmolo/g) and bile (1.807 ±0.381 mmolo/L),and lower relative protein expression levels of HMGCR (0.545±0.098),ABCG5 (0.418±0.089) and ABCG8 (0.501 ±0.151)in liver (P＜ 0.05).The contents of TC in liver and bile,and the protein expression of HMGCR,ABCG5andABCG8 in liver were 0.048 ± 0.006 mmol/g and 2.662 ± 0.339 mmolo/L,and 1.011 ± 0.213,1.037 ± 0.276 and 1.266 ±0.312,respectively.No significant differences were observed between experimental plus DHA group and experimental group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions EPA could prevent the cholesterol gallstone formation in mice by decreasing the expression of HMGCR and ABCG5/8 genes in liver,therefore reducing cholesterol synthesis and blocking cholesterol transport from liver to bile as well as diminishing cholesterol content in the bile.However,the inhibition effect of DHA on cholesterol gallstone formation was not obvious.

Adult ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Pneumocephalus ; etiology

Fibrinolytic Agents ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thrombocytopenia ; chemically induced

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Paraquat ; poisoning

The challenge of the emergence of drug-resistant influenza strains, which is caused by wide spread utilization of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), accelerates the research and exploration towards host targeted agents. In contrast to DAAs targeting viral replication components, host targeted agents, which regulate host factors and pathways linked to viral replication, can interfere the replication of influenza. Additionally, the innate immune system is activated by influenza during the early stage of infection, so manipulating the innate immune response may prevent the viral infection. However, the excessive inflammatory response induced at the late phase of influenza infection would lead to severe tissue injures. Thus, it is very important to explore drugs with anti-inflammatory actions to suppress these immune imbalances and tissue injures. Here we overview the current progresses about host targets related to anti-influenza drugs.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Influenza, Human ; drug therapy ; Virus Replication

Objective To explore clinical effect and safety of intermittent androgen suppression treatment of advanced prostate cancer in elderly patients.Methods 78 patients with advanced prostate cancer were enrolled,and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group (n=39 each).Patients in observation group were treated with intermittent androgen suppression treatment.Patients in control group were treated with persistent androgen suppression treatment.Results The time of therapy was much longer in observation group than in control group (P＜ 0.001).Quality of life was better in observation group than in control group (P＜0.05).The incidences of adverse reactions including anemia,fever and abnormal liver function were lower in observation group than in control group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Intermittent androgen suppression treatment prolongs time to androgen-independent progression,improve the quality of life,reduce drug dosage and the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer in the elderly.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing year by year in the world, which seriously threaten the public health. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex, and there is no specific treatment for NAFLD. Natural-derived compounds have the characteristics of multi-target and multi-mechanism, which can improve the curative effect and reduce the toxic and side effects by regulating multiple factors of the disease. They are ideal drugs for treating complex diseases and have unique advantages in improving NAFLD. However, low intestinal absorption, poor bioavailability, and single medicine efficiency limit the utilization of many compounds, and further drug development and clinical application are challenging. This paper reviews the research progress of natural-derived compounds in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in recent years, analyzes the existing problems, and discusses the improvement strategies, so as to provide reference for related research.

Objective The relationship between the in vivo absorption kinetics and the in vitro release kinetics of various components (including flavonoids and terpenoids) contained in Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) sustained-release pellets were evaluated using multi-component integration kinetics which could provide a reference for more accurate assessment of in vitro and in vivo correlation. Methods The release rates in vitro of main ingredients (quercetin, isorhamnetin, bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B and ginkgolide C) were detected by HPLC-MS/MS. The integrated drug concentration was calculated, and the release rates in vitro of integrated components were then depicted according to the results. Plasma was collected at different time points after oral administration of GBE sustained-release pellets, multiple components contained in GBE sustained-release pellets were then determined. A novel approach of self-defined weighting coefficient (Wj) based on the area under the curve from zero to infinity AUC0—∞ had been created to obtain the holistic pharmacokinetic profiles of GBE sustained-release pellets. To evaluation the in vitro-in vivo correlation of GBE sustained-release pellets, the percent of integrated in vivo absorption calculated by the Wagner-Nelson methodwas plotted versus the percent of integrated in vitro drug release at the same time. Results The components contained in sustained- release pellets had a good release, the Wj of each component in GBE sustained-release pellets were as follows: quercetin, 0.248 1; isorhamnetin, 0.009 2; bilobalide, 0.228 2; ginkgolide A, 0.296 4; ginkgolide B, 0.132 4; ginkgolide C, 0.090 3. The in vivo-in vitro correlation equation was Y = 0.930 8 X + 12.84, r = 0.962 9, indicated that the correlation between in vivo absorption kinetics and in vitro release kinetics is good. Conclusion The efficacy of the herbal medicines depends on a variety of components combined effect, using the integrated pharmacokinetic to analyze IVIVC could take the characteristic of each component into account, which is helpful for the study of the correlation between in vivo absorption kinetics and in vitro release kinetics.