The establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)has been a major breakthrough in the field of stem cell research since 2006,and it made possible for the use of stem cells in treating retinal degenerative diseases.Research showed that fibroblast,B lymphocytes,neural stem cells,hair corneous cells,pancreatic cells,mesenchymal cells of umbilical cord stroma and amniotic membrane can be reprogrammed as iPSCs,and they are capable of differentiating into specific types of cells.Some novel developments in iPSCs study in ophthalmology also were observed over the past few years.Induced iPSCs can differentiate into retinal pigment epithelial cells,photoreceptors and other retinal cells,which lay a foundation for the therapy of retinal degenerative diseases.Differented from traditional treatment of stem cells,the generation of iPSCs makes it possible to utilize somatic cells derived from patients for stem cell therapy without provoking ethical and immunological problems.The generation of iPSCs,the current research about iPSCs in the ophthalmic field,the limitations of iPSCs in the clinic and their future development and application were reviewed.

This study was conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University for the project of Establishment and Assessment of Ethics Review Platform for TCM Clinical Research. The Ethics Review Platform for Clinical Research is a complete system, which is a Participant Protection System. It includes four as-pects, which are the medical and health institution, ethics committee, ethics committee office, research departments and researchers. In this system, the establishment of research departments and researchers platform is the most cru-cial part. All treatment, protection, risk control, adverse event supervision, which are closely related to the Partici-pant Protection System are completed by researchers. However, during the assessment process, a series of problems were found, such as the current weak ethical consciousness of researchers, less familiar with ethical review process and do not pay equal attention to the participant protection as clinical research. This kind of problem was also found in other hospital assessments in China, which has become a short board of the Participant Protection System.Therefore, from the aspect of the ethics committee, this article presented several ethics problems which should be paid more attention to by researchers such as participant protection, plan design and conduction during the clinical research and also gave some useful advices to change the situation, according to the Assessment Standard of Ethics Review Platform for TCM Clinical Research. In this way, researchers will develop their ethical consciousness and be more familiar with the ethics review process in order to complete key task of participant protection.

OBJECTIVE:To facilitate the application of Asarum forbesii Maxim. in the fields of medicine and fine chemicals. METHODS:The essential oil was extracted from Asarum forbesii Maxim. by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and the chemical constituents of essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS. RESULTS:22 constituents were identified, dominating the list were 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (mass fraction:20.47%), Eugenol methyl ether (15.37%),(Z)-9-Oleic acid(13.21%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) (12.53%),Elemicin (11.05%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (7.59), Octadecanoic acid (4.36%). CONCLUSION:The method used on essential oil extraction serves as references for the further exploitation and utilization of Asarum forbesii Maxim..

Objective To observe the feasibility of posterior internal fixation with pedicle screw rod system for upper cervical vertebra injury. Methods 16 patients with upper cervical vertebra injury accepted posterior pedicle screw system internal fixation were reviewed. Results Venous plexus behind C2 damaged in operation in a case, who needed a microscope for hemostasis. No complication, such as neurological symptoms worse, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, hematoma and infection of incision happened post operation. The neurological symptoms improved 81.8% in all the 7 cases who complained before operation. No complication was found in the follow-up 3 to 18 months after discharge. Their activities of upper cervical was basically unaffected. Conclusion Posterior internal fixation with pedicle screw rod system can provide stable support for patients with upper cervical injury.

Objective To discuss the treatment after orthotopic heart transplantation and the experiences in deal- ing with ins complications.Methods To summarize the postoperative monitoring and management of 9 cases of patients af- ter heart transplantation.Results All 9 cases got out of hospital after recovery with better postoperative cardiac function and life quality.Among of them acute rejection appeared in 1 case earlier and 2 cases later after operation.1 case died later and 1 case had acute renal failure earlier after operation.Conclusion The effective monitoring for immunity and the scientific use of immunosuppressive agents after orthotopie heart transplantation,the active prevention and treannent of complications and its consanguineous follow-up are key factors for improving the survival rate.

Objective To identify the compliance and influencing factors of colorectal cancer screening among urban communities. Methods People in urban communities are categorized as the case group, comparison group A and comparison group B, according to whether they receive questionnaire survey, FOBT test, intestine mirror, and different follow-up results in this screening test Results No significant differences (P>0.05) are found among people from different groups. In the survey for screening related knowledge, understanding of such knowledge is significantly higher than the comparison group(P>0.01), and the knowledge of comparison group A is higher than that of comparison group B. Conclusion The higher their knowledge in screening, the higher their compliance for screening.

Objective To study one simple, safe and effective method of periorbital rhytidectomy. Methods With turgescent anesthesia, 1 cm -extent was dissected laterally deep under musculus orbicularis oculi at the approach of eyebrow area. The musculus orbicularis oculi was fixed to the deep temporal fascia and frontal periosteum. The superciliary corrugator muscle and depressor muscle were exposured and cut. Then the eyelid blepharoalasty was performed through the skin incision, meanwhile the lateral pars orbitalis muscle was liberated to form an orbitalis muscle flap under the orbitalis muscle and the fat pad, which was fixed to the os orbitale periost by lifting tight to lateral and upper side. For patients with generous pars buccalis and obvious nose lip ditch, the cheekbone fat cushion was also hanged and fixed. Results 65 middle age female patients were followed up for 3～16 months. The scar was no obvious, glabellar wrinkle and canthal wrinkle disappeared at static state, relaxed upper eyelid and eyebrow prolapse reached to complete correct, nasolabial groove wrinkle obvious lessened. 95 % patients were satisfacted with the appearance. Conjunctival edema was found in 4 cases, and disappeared within 1 months. There were no facial nerve injury and other complications. Conclusions It is a new incisional approach that avoids the facial nerves and lessens fossa orbitalis retrogradation. The operative procedure is simple and safe, and its incision is occult. The wound is small and restores rapidly, but the effect is reliable and lasting. It proves to be an ideal approach for face rejuvenation.

Objective To investigate the expression variation of kidney OATP-3 in rats relating to rocuronium metabolism in anhepatic phase and to primarily explain the reason of extrahepatic metabolism characters of rocuronium. Methods Twelve rats were distributed to 2 groups randomly with 6 in each: Group A (control group) and Group B in which the hepatic portal devascularization was performed for 60 min. Kidney tissues of the rats were taken. oatp-3 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and OATP-3 protein by Western blotting. Results The expression levels of kidney OATP-3 mRNA and protein in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A(P

Objective To evaluate the role of comprehensive cardiac MRI (CMRI) in diagnosis of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) Methods 55 patients with acute coronary syndrome underwent MR imaging 3-6 months after the reperfusion therapy Short axis images acquired by cine FIESTA sequence were used to analyze the motion of the different anatomy regions Used the FGRE ET sequence to detect the patterns of the first pass perfusion after injection of 0 2 mmol?kg 1 Gd DTPA at a flow of 3 ml?s 1 7-12 min later, MDE pulse sequence used to recognize the high signal in the myocardium Results At study entry, 38 subjects had the defect in the first pass perfusion The signal in the defect was significantly lower than that in the normal regions, which always in the subendocardium 51 subjects had delayed enhancement regions in the myocardium at different degree and different range The mean intensity of hyperenhanced regions was 4 36 times higher compared with that of the regions without hyperenhancement The difference between the 2 regions had statistical significance The extent of hyperenhancement was significantly related to the abnormality of wall motion The range of delayed enhancement was bigger than that of the first perfusion defect Conclusion Comprehensive evidence of delayed hyperenhancement, dysfunction of myocardium, and the defect of first pass perfusion can be used to predict myocardial infarction

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; Blood Coagulation Factors ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitamin K ; Vitamin K Deficiency ; Young Adult