Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Rotavirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Seasons

The time of six meridians diseases tending to be cured in Shang Han Lun (Treatise on Cold Diseases) is always one of the key points for study, but up till now no satisfied explanations are made. The authors try to study it on the basis of the theory of "three-yin and three-yang" according to the relationship between human body and the environment.

AIM: To observe the efficacy and safety of small incision manual nuncleofragmentation technology in hard-nucleus cataract.METHODS: Fifty-four patients (54 eyes) were performed with small incision manual nucleofragmentation and intraocular lens implantation.Uncorrected-visual acuity,corrected-visual acuity and astigmatism were measured before and after surgery.Anterior segment of eye,retina,surgical complications were observed.RESULTS: Preoperative uncorrected vision(LogMAR) was 1.095±0.171,corrected vision (LogMAR) was 0.994±0.158.Postoperative uncorrected vision(LogMAR) was 0.321±0.214 and corrected vision(LogMAR) was 0.276±0.179 at 1wk after operation.Both had statistical significance compared with uncorrected vision(LogMAR) (t=27.052,P<0.01) and corrected vision (LogMAR)(t=29.211,P<0.01) after cataract operation.Average preoprative corneal astigmatism was 0.93±0.34D,average postoprative astigmatism was 0.95±0.29D at 3mo,there was no statistical significance of astigmatism before and after surgery(t=1.048,P>0.05).No severe complications occurred in all cases.CONCLUSION: The technology of small incision manual nuncleofragmentation in hard-nucleus cataract is proved to be safe and effective.

To evaluate the clinical effect of small incision cataract extraction with a manual nucleus division technique combined with intraocular lens implantation in cataract operation of large quantities.
●METHODS: Totally 105 patients (105 eyes) underwent small incision cataract extraction surgery. Visual acuity was observed, eye condition, fundus and intraocular pressure were examined by slit lamp at postoperative 1wk; 1mo.
●RESULTS: The visual acuity improved significantly at postoperative 1mo, 89 cases (89 eyes) with better than 0. 3( 85%), 101 cases ( 101 eyes) with 0. 1 and above (96%). lt had short operation time, fewer complications and good anesthetic effect.
● CONCLUSlON: This operation is suitable for primary hospitals, which visual acuity improved obviously, without serious complications, and economic and feasible.

Objective This trial was to observe the effect of Ulinastatin on coagulation functions in patients during operation period,and to investigate the protective mechanisms of Ulinastatin.Methods Forty patients were randomly divided into Ulinastatin group (Group U,n =20) and control group (Group C,n =20).Group U was infused intravenously ulinastatin 4000 U/kg (diluted with saline to 30 ml,20min losers) after anesthesia and before cutting skin,while Group C received the same volume of normal saline.All patients were phlebotomized 1 ml peripheral blood before administered (T0) and after 1 hour (T1),respectively.Coagulation activation time (SonACT),clot rate (CR) and platelet function (PF)were detected by sonoclot coagulation analyzer and platelet function analyzer.Results Compared with group C (controlled group),SonACT of Group U was prolonged significantly at T1 (P ＜ 0.05),and PF were increased at T1 (P ＜ 0.05) ; Compared with T0,SonACT and PF were increased at T1,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Ulinastatin can improve perioperative coagulation function and platelet function.It may reduce intraoperative micro-thrombosis syndrome and postoperative deep vein thrombosis.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the major reasons of wound infection after external fixator application and then introduce management measures to prevent following wound infections. METHODS Totally 542 patients adopting external fixators between May 2005 and May 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. All the external fixator-related infections were inspected and the excretions from these infected wounds were collected to perform bacterial culturing. RESULTS The total infection rate of these 542 patients after external fixator application was 2.77%. Among them, six were infected with the bacteria in distraction osteogenesis group and the infection rate was 8.82%; three were infected in bone un-union and bone defect group and the infection rate was 5.36%; whilest the common fracture-fixing group got the lowest infection rate of 0.39%. CONCLUSIONS Wire-crossing positions are the most frequently infected sites after external fixation and the drug-resisted bacteria are the most commonly detected pathogens. Thus, increasing the stability of fixators, enhancing the infection supervision of operation environment, draining the wound thoroughly and using antibiotics rationally are the most effective managing measures to prevent external fixator-related infections in orthopedics.

The present experiment applied the freeze cracking technique and scanning electron microscopy for further studies of ultrastructural changes of cancer cells after they invaded into the organ. It was found that, after two days of cultivation, there were a lot of cancer ceils which adhered on to the surface of organ fragments. The cancer cells migrated on the surface of the organ and at the same time penetrated into the organ by stretching out their pseudopodia. After 3 days of cultivation, some cancer cells had already invaded into the organ. After invasion they connected target cells of the organ by different ways, but their filopodium is the important organelle for the connection and communication with those target cells.The cancer cells caught the projecting portion of surface of target cells by branches of filopodia forming a mosaic pattern with them. Sometimes the filopodia of cancer cells fused with the opposed surface of target cells by inserting into it. Some filopodia became short and thick inside the organ due probably to the limited distance between cancer cells and target cells when they were in close contact to each other. Once the tumor cell nests were formed in the organ, the tumor cells connected each other by stretching out pseudopodia from both poles, but kept a definite space between cells. It is postulated that these inter-cellular spaces were formed probably by the repelling force of the identical electric charge of the tumor cell membranes.

CNE cells were cultured on cover glasses placed in the culture flasks, and were examined under scanning electron microscope 6,24, 48,72, and 96 hours after cultivation. The results were as following: The surface structures of tumor cells changed in different intervals of cultivation. Evenly distributed zeiotic blebs were found on the surface of tumor cell after 24 hours of cultivation and most of these blebs were seen at marginal areas of tumor cells after 2 days of cultivation, and finally disappeared after 3 days of cultivation. In addition to the blebs some microvilli which had increased since the second day of cultivation were seen over the margin of tumor cells. On the third day of cultivation a large number of microvilli were seen distributed over the entire surface of tumor cells. Besides microvilli and zeiotie blebs, lamellipodia and ruffles were also observed after 24 hours, but vanished after 48 hours of cultivation. The filopodia were seen over the whole process of cultivation. They usually divided into 2、3 branches and the expanded ends looked like suckers. All these data indicated that the surface structure of tumor cells were variable in different periods of cultivation.

In this paper, we described basic connotations of comparative effectiveness research (CER), expounded the application of CER in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, on the basis of research practice of Chinese medical treatment for COPD in recent years, we put forward the thought of the junction point of Chinese medicine in CER on COPD from the perspective in screening effective Chinese herbs, establishing treatment program/methods/technologies, and outcomes evaluation.
Comparative Effectiveness Research ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; therapy