OBJECTIVE:To screen the matrix formulation of Indomethacin hydrophilic gel patch. METHODS:Using appear-ance,adhesion,softness,moisture retention as indexes,mixed level of uniform design was used to screen matrix formulation of patch,verification test and in vitro transdermal test were used to evaluate the patch quality. RESULTS:Optimized matrix formula-tion was as follow as PVA of 7.686 g,PVP of 9.662 g,glyceryl of 19.992 g,gelatin of 9.999 g,CMC-Na of 13.997 g,carbomer of 3.000 g,HPMC of 1.500 g. The prepared patch had smooth surface,uniform matrix,good color,strong adhesion,good soft-ness(water loss rate of 11.9%). It can be slowly released for 48 h. The in vitro transdermal release fitted the Higuchi model(R2=0.9869). CONCLUSIONS:Indomethacin hydrophilic gel patch is successfully prepared,which can slowly release drug with over-all good quality.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of the occlusal surface height of a mandibular posterior implant-supported single crown on stress in bone tissues.Methods:Three-dimensional finite element models of the implant-supported single crown replacing the missing right lower second premolar,mesial and distal natural teeth,periodontal membrane,alveolar bone,loaded rigid body and analog food of almond were established.Using the Federation Dentaire International (FDI)system,the first premolar, the second premolar and the first molar were represented with 44,45,46.Three occlusal surface heights of the crown were studied:(1 )normal height;(2)1 5 μm reduction in height;(3)30 μm reduction in height.The models were loaded by independent loading with maximal occlusal force(44 by 280 N,45 by 360 N,and 46 by 480 N)and average occlusal force(44 by 1 40 N,45 by 1 80 N,and 46 by 240 N)on the single crown;combined loading (maximal occlusal force transformed into uniform load of 3 .7 MPa on top of rigid body,in contact with points on the occlusal surface),and analog almond-like food loading (average occlusal force transformed into uniform load of 1 .67 MPa in simulated food chewing,in contact with points on the occlusal surface).Results:For maximal biting force under independent loading,Von Mises stress peak values in bone tissues around 44,45,and 46 were 82.57 MPa,45.26 MPa and 27.79 MPa;For average biting force,peak values were 41 .28 MPa,22.63 MPa and 1 3.89 MPa.Under com-bined loading,compared with the normal occlusal surface height group,Von Mises stress peak values de-creased 4.6 MPa,by 0.84%;increased 7.52 MPa,by 20.04%,and decreased 1 .8 MPa,by 5.84%, for 45,46,and 44 in the 30 μm infra-occlusion group,respectively.Under food loading,Von Mises stress peak values decreased 0.34 MPa,by 1 .62%;increased 1 .1 1 MPa,by 2.66%;and increased 0.06 MPa,by 0.54%,and for 45,46,and 44 in the 30 μm infra-occlusion group,respectively.Con-clusion:Within the limitation of this study,within 30 μm reduction of the occlusal surface height of im-plant-supported single crown,no significant difference of the peak values was observed.

Objective:To investigate the association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and the prognosis of breast cancer pa-tients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgery. Methods:A total of 427 breast cancer patients treated with chemo-radio-therapy after surgery at Beijing Cancer Hospital were selected for this study. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism was adopted to analyze the p53 codon 72 polymorphism. Survival analysis was conducted to compare the disparities of recurrence and survival among the patients with different p53 codon 72 polymorphic variants. Results:The distribution of three geno-types of p53 codon 72 in our cohort is as follows:Pro/Pro 18.3%(78/427), Pro/Arg 44.0%(188/427), and Arg/Arg 37.7%(161/427). No significant difference was observed among the local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), loco-regional recurrence-free survival (LR-RFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and overall survival (OS) among the three genotypes (all P>0.05). Among the 303 estro-gen receptor (ER)-positive patients, OS was significantly better in patients with Arg/Arg genotype than those with Pro/Pro genotype (χ2=6.33, P=0.042). The multivariate analysis showed that the p53 codon 72 polymorphism is an independent factor of prognosis for LRFS, LRRFS, DDFS, and OS of ER-positive patients. For the ER positive patients with Pro/Pro genotype, the local recurrence, local-regional recurrence, distant metastasis, and mortality risks were 5.9 (HR=5.9, 95%CI 1.1-31.1, P=0.036), 3.1 (HR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-9.1, P=0.039), 2.8 (HR=2.8, 95% CI 1.3-6.0, P=0.010), and 4.0 (HR=4.0, 95% CI 1.3-12.0, P=0.013) times higher than those with Arg/Arg genotype, respectively. Conclusion:For ER-positive breast cancer patients who underwent surgery and chemo-radiotherapy, the local recurrence, loco-regional recurrence, distant metastasis, and mortality risk with Pro/Pro genotype are significantly higher compared to those with Arg/Arg genotype.

Objective To determine the efficacy of retrovirus-mediated HSV-TK gene transfer and GCV in a BALB/c mice model with urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Methods A replication defective retroviral vector containing HSV-TK gene was used. In vivo experimental animals were divided into 3 groups.In group A,7 tumors were induced in BALB/c mice by subcutaneous injection of MBT-2 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC);the virus was directly injected into the tumor and the animals received intraperitoneal GCV.In group B, 6 tumors were induced in BALB/c mice by subcutaneous injection of transferred HSV-TK gene TCC and the animals received intraperitoneal GCV.In group C,6 tumors were induced in BALB/c mice by subcutaneous injection of MBT-2 TCC and the animals received intraperitoneal normal saline.Tumor-volume measurement was performed in these 3 groups 10 d and 20 d after treatment, and the volume changes were compared among the 3 groups. Results In vivo experiment indicated that the mean tumor volume of group A [MBT-2 group, (55.37?4.52) mm3] and group B [MBT-2/HSV-TK group,(49.77?4.15)mm3] was reduced significantly compared with that of group C [control group,(146.27?10.46)mm3](P0.05).At 20 d after treatment, the mean tumor volume of group A [(186.75?8.14)mm3] and group B [(72.50?6.70)mm3] was also reduced compared with that of group C [(441.76?41.80)mm3] (P

Objective To observe the intervention of acupuncture on guinea pig models of allergic reaction type Ⅳ.Methods Thirty-six albino guinea pigs were randomized into blank control group,model group,and acupuncture group.The guinea pig models of allergic reaction type Ⅳ were established by external application of dinitrochlorobenzene.The acupuncture group received acupuncture on acupoints of Quchi and Xuehai for 10 days.After treatment,the auricular thickness and weight,the number of intradermal inflammatory cells,and the auricular pathological changes in guinea pigs were observed.Results In the model group,the auricular thickness and weight were increased,and the number of intradermal monocytes,lymphocytes,neutrophils,and fibrocytes was also increased(P0.05),and the pathological changes of chronic eczema were relieved.Conclusion Acupuncture exerts an intervention on allergic reaction type Ⅳ.

This study investigated the correlation between surfactant protein-A (SP-A) polymorphism and the susceptibility of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Xinjiang Uighurs. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 194 COPD smokers and 201 healthy smokers of Uighur who were hospitalized in or paid a visit to one of the four Xinjiang-based hospitals involved in the study, from March 2009 to December 2010. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were studied at aa62 (CCA/CCG rs1136451) and aa219 (CGG/TGG, rs4253527) in SP-A. Genotypes were determined by using the TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Our results showed that genotype frequencies were different between the COPD and normal smokers in aa62 (x (2)=6.852, P=0.033). There were also significant differences in allele genotype frequencies between the COPD and the control and allele G might decrease the risk COPD (x (2)=6.545, P=0.011; OR=0.663; 95% CI: 0.484-0.909). The result suggested that polymorphism of aa62 (CCA/CCG, rs1136451) of SP-A may be associated with the susceptibility to COPD in Xinjiang Uighurs.

Objective To investigate the key points of treating elder patients with hip fractures by hemiarthroplasty.Methods Clinical data of 138 elder patients with hip fractures undergone hemiarthroplasty between January 2008 and December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.There were 43 males and 95 females at mean age of 82.8 years(range,75-103 years).Injury causes included fall from height(n=98),contusion(n=32)and sprain(n=8).There were 84 patients with femoral neck fractures(33 patients with Garden type Ⅲ,51 with type Ⅳ)and 54 patients with intertrochanteric fractures(three patients of Jensen-Evans type Ⅱ,six with type Ⅲ,25 with type Ⅳ,18 with type V,two with type R).Follow-up evaluation was performed using Harris scoring system.Results The ambulation period was average 4.5 days(range,3-12 days).Follow-up was average 24.4 months(range,10-45 months),which presented no loosening,subsidence or infection of prostheses.Due to additional trauma postoperatively,one patient suffered from prosthesis dislocation and two from fractures of distal prosthetic femoral shaft.Harris score at six months postoperatively was average 86.8 points(range,52-100 points),with excellent results in 42 patients,good in 59,fair in 19 and poor in five,with excellence rate of 80.8％.Conclusion With full accomplishment of peri-,intra-and post-operative measures,hemiarthroplasty is a suitable choice for treating hip fractures in the elderly patients.

AIM: To investigate the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and α-SMA in human lens epithelium cell (HLEC) line B3 after transfection by liposome-coated siRNA targeting CTGF.METHODS: HLECs were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting CTGF,labeled with 5`-fluorescein isothiocyanate (5`-FITC) and coated with lipofectamine.The transfection ratio was evaluated via fluorescence intensity.Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to assess cytoviability of both non-transfected and transfected HLECs.Quantitative RT-PCR,cell immunochemistry and Western blot analysis were conducted to detect the expression changes of CTGF and α-SMA after transfection.RESULTS: A highly effective transfection ratio was observed in siRNA co-transfected with lipofectamine.The transfection ratio reached 95% at 24h.The proliferation of HLECs was inhibited by siRNA after 72h transfection.The expression of CTGF and α-SMA significantly decreased in HLECs after transfected by CTGF siRNA for 24h.This effect was not found in negative control siRNA.CONCLUSIONS: SiRNA targeting CTGF decreased CTGF and α-SMA expression in HLECs,which is a potential therapeutic strategy for posterior capsular opacification.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of fluoxetine (FLX) on the expressions of BDNF and Bcl-2 in the hippocampus, the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex of conditioned fear (CF) model mice. Forty eight mice were randomly divided into three groups, normal control group, CF stress group and FLX-pretreated CF group. The FLX-pretreated CF group was given FLX (10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 7 days before CF stress. After CF stress model was established, all mice were given behavioral experiments to test whether FLX impaired or improved the auditory and contextual fear conditioning. Then mice were sacrificed. The expressions of BDNF and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting. The results showed that the freezing time of FLX-pretreated CF group was significantly lower than that of CF group; FLX pretreatment up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 in the hippocampus at 1 d after CF stress (P < 0.001), but no significant differences was observed at 7 d; BDNF significantly increased in the hippocampus at 7 d (P < 0.001), but no differences at 1 d; the expressions of BDNF and Bcl-2 in the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex were of no obvious differences between CF group and FLX-pretreated CF group at 1 d or 7 d after CF stress. Parallel to these changes, pretreatment with FLX could affect histopathologic changes induced by CF stress. Furthermore, the results indicated that FLX pretreatment could protect against CF stress-induced neurological damage via the activation of BDNF and Bcl-2 in hippocampus.
Amygdala ; metabolism ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Fear ; drug effects ; Fluoxetine ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Male ; Memory ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Prefrontal Cortex ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Stress, Psychological ; metabolism

As a new physical penetration technology for transdermal administration, theFu’s cupping therapy was established in the past decade. It had obvious characteristics of Chinese medicine and unique advantages, such as simple device, easy to operate, and economical. Referring to the relevant research reports in recent years, this overview was given in several aspects, including its features, penetration factors,in vitro andin vivoevaluation method and other penetration technologies. The understanding of development trends in the pharmaceutical field laid the foundation for further study of Fu’s cupping therapy of new physical penetration.