Objective To investigete the viral and atypical pathogens in children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) .Methods A total of 17 048 serum samples were collected from children ,who were intended to diagnose as ARI .Indirect immunofluores-cence assays were performed to detect IgM antibodies against 9 common pathogens ,including mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) ,influen-za virus B(FluB) ,respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) ,parainfluenza virus(PIV) ,adenovirus(ADV) ,influenza A virus(FluA) ,legio-nella pneumophila(LPN) ,coxiella burnetii(COX) ,chamydophila pneumonia(CPn) .Results The total detection rate of the 9 patho-gens was 60 .24% (10 269/17 048) .The detection rate of MP was 47 .78% (8 146/17 048) which was the highest ,followed by FluB which was 30 .87% (5 262/17 048) .The detection rate of MP kept at a high level through the whole year ;FluB appeared a little popular in the summer ,winter and spring ;RSV had higher detection rate in winter and spring ;ADV had higher detection rate in spring ;FluA appeared a little popular in spring and summer ;PIV and LPN didn′t show any seasonal change .There were significant differences in the detection rates of ADV ,CPn ,FluA ,FluB ,LPN ,MP ,PIV and RSV among different age groups (P< 0 .05) .In mixed infection with 2 kinds of pathogens ,MP+FluB was the most common pattern which accounted for 39 .58% of mixed infec-tion .In mixed infection with 3 kinds of pathogens ,MP+FluB+RSV was the most common pattern which accounted for 13 .68% .In mixed infection with 4 kinds of pathogens ,MP+ FluB+ RSV+ PIV was the most common pattern which accounted for 3 .84% . Other mixed infection pattern was rare .Conclusion The most common pathogens causing ARI in children of Wuhan were MP ,FluB and RSV .The detection rate of each pathogen displayed specific seasonal variations and variations among different age groups . Mixed infections were more common than single infections ,and the most common pattern was MP+ FluB .

OBJECTIVE To study the meaning of detecting the antibody of Salmonella typhi by gel technique(GEL). METHODS Minigel column technique(MGCT) and Widal reaction(WR) were used to detect the antibody among 32 suspicious typhoid and paratyphoid patients. RESULTS Among them,the titers of various kinds of antibody of S.typhi "O","H","?","?",and "?" with GEL were 1-2 orders higher than with WR.There was a significant difference in statistics. CONCLUSIONS It is convenient and fast to detected the antibody of S.typhi.And it can give important reference data for the clinic.

AIM:To investigate the effect of case-based learning ( CBL) teaching combination with paper review method in the teaching of ophthalmology residents. ·METHODS:The study was conducted from 2015 to 2016. The residents in Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital were included in the research. During the year of 2015, the traditional lecture-based learning ( LBL) method was applied (as a control group). During the year of 2016, the CBL teaching combination with paper review teaching method was applied (as an experimental group). At the end of the course, exams and questionnaires were conducted to evaluate the teaching effect of two different methods. The exams consisted of theoretical and operational assessment. The teaching satisfactions, learning interests, scientific research interests and clinical abilities were included in the questionnaires. The data was analyzed by SPSS 16. 0. ·RESULTS:The results of final exams indicated that the scores of the experimental group (88. 2±6. 5) were higher than the control group ( 75. 6 ± 6. 0 ). The difference showed statistically significant (t=6. 68, P<0. 05). The results of questionnaires indicated that students showed much more satisfied with CBL teaching combination with paper review teaching method ( 91%) than traditional teaching method (50%, x2 =8. 84, P<0. 05). Students in the experimental group improved learning interest ( x2 =6. 29, P<0. 05), increased research interest (x2=4. 54, P<0.05) and approved clinical ability (x2 =4. 25, P<0. 05). The comparison of two groups showed the statistically difference (P<0. 05). ·CONCLUSION: CBL teaching combination with paper review teaching method is beneficial to improve the teaching effect, and it is also beneficial to train residents'clinical skills and research abilities.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 ; immunology ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; immunology ; pathology ; Epoxy Resins ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 Antigen ; immunology ; Plastic Embedding ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

Objective:Our purpose was to investigate the function of angiotensis converting enzyme(ACE) in the occurrence and development of pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH). Methods:The study group included 30 pregnant women diagnosed with PIH( 10 mild, 10 moderate, 10 severe). Thirty healthy pregnant women were selected as the control group. The serum was assayed for the activity of ACE by using color comparison method, hippuric acid used as the substrate. Results:The activity of ACE of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Significantly positive correlationships existed between mean blood pressure, degree of adema, level of urine protein,and uric acid. Conclusion:The elevation of serum activity of ACE is related to the occurrence and development of PIH.

ObjectiveTo explore the significance and the scheme of OSCE ( Objective structural clinical examination ) applied in clinical resident training and examination. MethodsOSCE were adopted to train and evaluate residents clinical skills. 180 residents were trained through OSCE for two weeks.Then a test on clinical skills of the residents by OSCE was conducted after training. 172 questionnaires of evaluation on the training effect were collected and analyzed. ResultsWith regard to the training and examination of clinical skill, 96.51％ residents considered that it was helpful for clinical work, 98.26％ considered that it would make their operation more standandized. ConclusionThe training through OSCE is an important way to improve and evaluate clinical skills of residents and may be widely applied.

Objective To study CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal neoplasm(PRN).Methods CT data in 23 cases of PRN confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analysed.Results There were 11 results of pathology in 23 cases,of them,14 cases were mesenchymal tissue-origin(12 cases were malignant neoplasm),4 cases were nervous tissue-origin(all benign),4 cases were rudimental embryonal tissue-origin(3 cases were benign diseases and one case was malignant),the source of unknown-origin in one case was malignant neoplasm.Most of these PRN showed such common CT manifestations as other tumors in the same location,but they had own special CT features respectively.Conclusion PRN have many typies,CT features of PRN in combination with the history,age and location can improve the diagnosis of histological classification and the diagnosis of the nature of tumors.

AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of hepatocyte growth promoting factor (PHGF) combined with transmetil in treatment of chronic severe hepatitis (CSF). METHODS: 120 patients were divided randomly into two groups: the combined treatment group and the routine group. All the patients received ordinary therapy, and 62 patients, based on the therapy, received PHGF combined with transmetil in the combined treatment group. RESULTS: Compared with the routine treatment group, the levels of total serum bilirubin and prothrombin time were decreased significantly (P

Objective To discuss the significance of the application of real-time quantitative PCR(RQ PCR)for diagnosis and guidance therapy of cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection after allo- hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).Methods Thirty-three patients were undergo- ing allo-HSCT.After hematopoietic reconstitution,patients'peripheral blood samples were detected for CMV DNA by RQ-PCR periodically.Anti-viral therapy was begun,attenuated and stopped ac- cording to the results of CMV DNA detection.The effects of anti-viral therapy and patients' clinical results were observed.Results CMV DNA was detected in blood samples from 13 of 33 patients. There were 21 episodes in these patients.Only 1 episode wasn't controlled hecause the patient gave up the therapy.CMV DNA copies were disappeared soon or decreased and then disappeared during anti-viral therapy in the others'.Patients which had symptoms and/or dysfunction of organs were cured too.Each course of anti-viral therapy was shorter than ordinary course.Conclusions CMV in- fection can he diagnosed as early as possible by RQ PCR.To begin,attenuate and stop anti-viral ther- apy according to the results of RQ-PCR is safe.The course is shortened and the side effects of anti vi- ral drugs were attenuated.

Objective To investigate the imaging characters of abdominal cocoon.Methods Six cases of abdominal cocoon proved by surgery and pathologic findings were retrospectively analyzed. Abdominal plain X-ray and CT were performed in 6 cases.The gastrointestinal barium meal series were undergone in 4 cases.The imaging findings were analyzed.Results Abdominal plain X-ray suggested intestinal obstruction in 3 of 6 cases.The gastrointestinal barium meal showed"cauliflower sign"or "concertina pattern"in all of the 4 cases;CT images revealed a conglomeration of multiple small bowel loops in all 6 cases and the intestinal loops seemed to be encapsulated in a membranelike sac.Conclusion The imaging features of gastrointestinal barium meal and CT scan could suggest the diagnose of abdominal cocoon.