With the development of ultrasonic imaging technique,the thyroid nodule detection rate is ever increasing.However,there is still no unique characteristic for the identification of benign and malignant lesions in ultrasonogram.On the basis of conventional ultrasound performance of nodules,thyroid imaging reporting and data system for the correct classification of thyroid nodules is conducive to their differential diagnosis.Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can show the microvascular status of the lesion,and the benign and malignant thyroid nodules can be analyzed by observing the different enhancement patterns.By evaluating the difference in hardness between different tissues,the ultrasonic elastography (.UE) provides a complementary method for the identification of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) can accurately locate and offer pathological basis for preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules.It is helpful to preoperatively diagnose the thyroid cancer by detecting the molecular marker of the biopsy specimens which are difficult to be diagnosed clearly.

Objective To investigate the change of threshold of electrical sense through experiments in the presence of electrical noise according to stochastic resonance phenomenon that has been observed in somatosensory system.Method Psychophysical experiments were carried out using both single stimulus method based on random-gradient method and one-interval-forced-choice method.The glabrous skin of human fingers was choosed as the experimental objects,which was stimulated by square wave electrical signal mixed with electrical noise.Result The corresponding threshold of electrical sense can be reduced by the effect of external electrical noises.Conclusion Although electrical sense is not natural sense,stochastic resonance can occur in it, and effect of noise on enhancing this sense can be implemented by controlling external noises.

Objective To study the quality of life(QOL) of the type 2 diabetes mellitus and its influencing factors.Methods The three hundred and seventy-six cases of the type 2 diabetes mellitus were investigated with the short form 36(SF-36) measuring scale in Changsha.Results The results demonstrated that medical care,alcohol intake,physical activity,dwelling coneition,occupation and marriage were the main effective factors.Conclusion It was very important to pay more attention to enhancing psychological and behavioral health education,and improving the QOL in patients of diabetes mellitus.

Objective To observe the development of endotoxemia and its treatment during swine orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods Blood perfusion was carried out in 12 swine OLT cases during anhepatic period. Results It was 0 18 EU/ml in anhepatic period and 0 48 EU/ml in reperfusion period in control group compared to 0 13 EU/ml and 0 13 EU/ml,respectively in activated charcoal perfusion group( P

Objective:To evaluate the effects of pioglitazone,a insulin sensitizing agent, on plasma endothelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods:Type 2 diabetic patients( n =48) with moderate vascular complication, who were orally taking hypoglycemic agents:sulfonylurea and biguanides (metformin), were divided into pioglitazone group (group A, n =24) and placebo group (group B, n =24) by the rule of random and double blind. Healthy voluneers were taken as control(group C, n =20). Three months before and after treatment, fasting plasma endothelin levels and serum insulin levels were assayed by RIA. Results:(1) Before treatment, fasting plasma endothelin levels were higher in type 2 diabetic patients compared to control group( P

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus in nervous system. However, the pathogenesis is still unkown. Therapeutic options are mainly pathogenetically oriented therapy and symptomatic therapy. With an increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of DPN, many new therapies have emerged. Comprehensive therapy targeting different pathogenesis will be frequently applied in the future. In this article, the common therapy and advance in treatment of DPN are reviewed.

Objective To observe the clinical effectiveness of early sequential nutrition support (ESN)in the treatment of acute exacer-bation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD)patients complicated with type Ⅱ respiration failure.Methods Eighty-four AE-COPD patients with type Ⅱ respiration failure were enrolled into our study and received the conventional therapies such as mechanical venti-lation,anti-infection,spasmolysis and asthma control.Patients were randomized assigned into the ESN group (n =42)and the total parenteral nutrition group (TPN,n =42)according to the nutritional care methods,and the clinical effectiveness were observed.Results Clinical symptoms were significantly improved in both of the two groups.However,the total effective rate,average length of stay,pulmonary function, triceps skinfold thickness (TSF)and serum albumin levels were significantly better in the ESN group,and the differences were ofstatistical significance (P <0.05).Conclusion The study comfirmed the necessity of ESN application on the AECOPD patients with type Ⅱ respira-tion failure,which can further improve the treatment effectiveness and nutrition status.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of ethanol extracts of Solanum lyratum on apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells and the mRNA expression of apoptosis associated genes Fas and caspase-3.METHODS:SGC-7901 Cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into the contral group,ethanol extracts of S.lyratum treatment groups(2.5 mg?mL-1,5 mg?mL-1,10 mg?mL-1) and cisplatin group.The proliferation inhibitory rate was evaluated by MTT assay.Morphological changes and apoptosis of SGC7901 cells were observed under fluorescence microscope.The mRNA expression of Fas gene and caspase-3 were detected by semi-quantitive RT-PCR method.RESULTS: As compared with control group,the cell proliferation inhibitory rate and apoptosis rate of SGC-7901 cells were increased obviously in S.lyratum treatment groups(P

Objective To explore the maternal toxicity and offspring's neurobehavioral effects in Wistar rats induced by exposure to methylmercury during pregnancy. Methods Methylmercury were continuously orally perfued with different doses of 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 and 2.00 mg/(kg?d) to 52 pregnant Wistar rats during the 6th～9th day after conception. The toxicity to maternal rats was observed and general teratology test were carried out. The parameters of physical and neurobehavioral develpment at early stage of 205 offspring were measured and the operant behavior test of 32 offspring was carried out at the age of 10 weeks. The brain's morphology and the levels of monamine neurotransmitter were tested in 24 maternal rats after 5 weeks of the delivery and 24 offspring in 10 weeks old. Double blind randomized design was used in whole experiment. Results No maternal toxicity and offspring teratogenicity were observed. The increase of body weight and tail development of embryos in 3 exposure groups were slower than those of control group (P

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of vinorelbine combined with cisplatin (NP regimen) in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC). Methods: ninety-one patients with advanced NSCLC were confirmed by pathology or cytology. There were 56 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, 27 with squamous carcinoma and 4 with alveoli cell cancer, 3 with large-cell lung cancer, one case diagnosed by cytological smear section. The eighty patients had no prior chemotherapy and 11 were those without received previously chemotherapy. Thirty-two patients had stage Ⅲ disease and 59 had stage Ⅳ. Results: Partial response was observed in 37 patients with an overall response rate of 40. 7% (95%CI:30. 5%-50. 7%). Median time to progression (TTP) were 5 months(95% CI: 4-6 months). Median survival duration was 13 months (95% CI: 11-15months), one-year survival rate was 52. 7% ( CI: 42. 4%-62. 9%). The dose limiting toxicity was neutropenia that was observed in 87. 9% of the patients (40.7% in grades Ⅲ and Ⅳ). The remission response rate is 40. 6% , TTP is 5 months, MS is 13 months and 1-year survival rate was 52.7% . Conclusions: The results indicate NP regimen for advanced NSCLC is promise, and the toxicities are tolerable.