This paper proposes a one-way micro valve with a simple structure and a simulation design for the engineering capsule. We have now got its design parameter selection method and its mechanic characteristic from experiments.
Capsules ; Computer Simulation ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Infusion Pumps, Implantable ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods

Objective To investigate perfusion imaging and parameters of normal pancreas by dual-source CT and to evaluate the appropriate perfusion imaging scan.Methods Sixty-six subjects with normal pancreas underwent low-dose pancreatic perfusion and plain scan.CT images were sent to a separate workstation via a network.The blood flow (BF)and blood volume (BV)of pancreas head,body and tail were measured using the VPCT Body software and analyzed by one-way ANOVA.Then the time-density curve of pancreas was drawn,and the enhancement peak time and the corresponding CT value were also measured.Results The average BF values of pancreas head,body and tail were (1 1 6.09 ± 31.83)mL·100 g-1 ·min-1 ,(1 1 9.72±32.50)mL·100 g-1 ·min-1 , (1 14.65±31.42)mL·100 g-1 ·min-1 ,and the mean BV values were (29.83 ±1 9.07)mL/100 g,(30.39 ± 1 9.38)mL/100 g, (28.82±1 9.22)mL/100 g,respectively.The perfusion parameters in different pancreatic parts were not statistically different.The mean enhancement peak time was (27.92 s±4.52)s,(28.02±5.34)s in pancreas head,(27.40±4.36)s in pancreas body,(27.34±4.57)s in pancreas tail.On plain image,the average CT value of pancreas was (41.43±5.88)HU.However,on enhanced image,the mean CT value was (95.96±18.44)HU in normal pancreas [(96.73±19.71)HU in pancreas head,(98.45±17.52)HU in body,(92.69±18.1 7)HU in tail].Conclusion The perfusion parameters including blood flow and blood volume in pancreatic head,body and tail are identical. The mean enhancement peak time is (27.92±4.52)s,and the corresponding enhancement CT value is (95.96±18.44)HU.

Objective To explore the relationship of post-transplant major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A(MICA)antibody status and renal allograft function in clinical stable phase.Methods Fifty-seven patients accepted renal allografts followed up for at least 6 months were detected with the levels and specialties of MICA antibodies by Flow PRATM beads.Simultaneously,their serum ereatinine levels were tested as well.The impact of MICA antibody status on renal allograft function was assessed.Results Among the 57 patients,38 cases showed no HLA and MICA antibody.11 cases had HLA antibodies but not MICA antibody,8 cases had MICA antibodies and 3 cases had both MICA and HLA antibodies.There were 5 patients with MICA019 antibodies.3 patients with MICA027 antibodies,2 patients with MICA018 antibodies,while 1 patient with MICA004 and MICA017 antibodies,respectively.There were 9 patients with antibody positive score higher than 6,accounting 75%(9/12).Except age,there was no significant difference between patients with positive and negative MICA antibodies in the aspects of blood transfusion history,CDC,and cold ischemia time(P＞0.05).The average ages were(32.5±7.9)years for MICA antibodypositive patients and were(43.0±1 0.4)years for MICA antibody-negative patients(P=0.008).MICA antibody-positive patients without HLA antibody had higher serum creatinine level[(117.20±12.30)μmol/L]than MICA and HLA antibody-negative patients[(89.40±28.95)μmol/L,P＜0.05].Conclusions The measurement of MICA antibodies has prognostic value in the assessment of patients without HLA antibodies after renal transplantation.MICA antibody positive has clear association with chronic renal allograft function decline.

Objective To analyze the genotypic characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV)C/D recombinant of two types of newly discovered HBV genotypea found in Western China.Methods The whole genomes of 17 HBV strains isolated from Western China were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bioinformatic softwares were used for the analysis of full genome structure,genetic distances and recombination points.Results The heterogenicity of the HBV C/D recombinant was more than 8% compared with genotype A,B,D,E or F,but 3.8% 0A-8.O% compared with genotype C Based on phylogenetie analysis, a11 C/D recombinant strains clustered within genotype C.but were rouped into two other clusters within the genotype C independently from C1-C5 subgenotypes,which were two kinds of new HBV/C genotypea.Condusion The HBV C/D recombinant could he considered as tWO kinds of new subgenotypea of HBV genotype C which are different from subgenotype C1-C5 based on the genetic distances analysis.

To study the equipment modular allocation in the emergency medical unit after Beijing emergency public affairs. Using an improved Delphi method, 25 experts from various fields in Beijing were involved into two rounds consultations. The questionnaire of the first round consultation was formed based on analysis of emergency rescue equipment. Based on the result of the first round consultation, the questionnaire of the second round consultation was set up. The two rounds of questionnaires had the responding rates of experts 100% respectively, and the au-thoritative coefficients of the experts were 0.81 and 0.88. An emergency medical rescue equipment solution with three de-grees modular configuration in Beijing was made based on the consultations and experts' advices. The solu-tion develops the emergency medical service ability of mobile medical units and vehicle-mounted mobile hospital. LUO Ying and GAO Hong-wei are the first authors who contributecl equally to the article.

OBJECTIVETo explore the etiological factor, diagnostic localization and treatment of delayed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea.

METHODSThe medical records of 79 patients who had undergone endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea between 2000 and 2008 were reviewed. Thirteen patients with CSF leaks occurred 3 months after head trauma. All 13 patients with delayed CSF leak were retrospectively evaluated with CT or MRI and surgically treated. The operative findings were compared with the results of CT or MRI to estimate the diagnostic value of imaging technique.

RESULTSBony defects had been found on CT scanning in all 13 patients. Neural tissue herniation into the nasal sinuses was found in 11 patients during the surgery. The sizes of the leak ranged from 0.1 cm x 0.2 cm to 1.2 cm x 1.5 cm. Reconstruction of the skull base was done through endoscopic approach. No complications were found. Thirteen patients were followed up from 12 - 36 months, and none was recurrence.

CONCLUSIONSHerniation of mucosal tissue into the nasal sinuses after skull base defects could result in delayed CSF leak. CT and MRI can clearly show the skull base defects and neural tissue herniation. Endoscopic closure of CSF leaks was both safe and effective.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; complications ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of nuclear receptor inhibitor importazole (IPZ) on cell cycle and apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and its regulatory mechanisms.

METHODSMM cell lines RPMI 8226 and NCI-H929 cells were treated with different concentrations of IPZ. Cell viability was detected through MTT method. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry (FCM). Nuclear NF-κBprotein expression was tested by Western blot. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to analyze the DNA binding activity.

RESULTSIPZ induced a dose- and time- dependent inhibition of myeloma cells growth. And the IC50 values of IPZ on RPMI 8226 and NCI-H929 after 48 hours incubation were (4.43±0.41) and (4.78±0.35) μmol/L, respectively, and the percentages of S phase cells decreased from (54.95±4.34)％ and (51.38±2.43)％ to (42.77±3.19)％ and (40.98±6.46)％, respectively. After treatment with IPZ at 8, 12 and 16 μmol/L, the apoptosis rate significantly increased from (2.47±0.60)％ of the control group to (14.53±0.90)%, (32.57±1.80)% and (58.3±1.9)% (P<0.05) in RPMI 8226 and from (2.37±0.70)％ of the control group to (19.46±0.70) %, (46.02±1.10) % and (60.63±1.60)% in NCI-H929, respectively. Treatment of RPMI 8226 and NCI-H929 cells with 8 μmol/L IPZ for 24 h could inhibit NF-κB import to nucleus and reduce its DNA binding activity.

CONCLUSIONThe nuclear receptor inhibitor importazole inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells by blocking the NF-κB signal pathway in vitro.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Quinazolines ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

AIMTo investigate the change of ERK, GDNF expression activity in temple and frontal lobe of AD rat after 96 dB wide band noise exposure.

METHODSExperimental group SD rats(weight from 150-220 g), either male or female, were randomly assigned to three groups: control (n=10); physiological brine-injected control (n=8); glutamic acid-injected group (n=8) after getting rid of memory loss(indicating "a little memory" and "no memory") rats culled by behavior training. The rats were micro-injected at the stereotaxic device (AP3.2-3.4, L2.0-2.4,H2.8-3.0)by glutamic acid or same volume of physiological brine in the each side of hippocampus CA1. Western Blot and image quantitative analysis technique, combined with auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurement.

RESULTS(1) Expressions of ERK in frontal cortex for control rat are much more than that of other group, which has a obvious up-regulation after being given 96 dB noise. Expression of ERK in temple cortex for 3 groups rat have a increase(plus noise), moreover, they are stronger than expression in frontal cortex for different group. (3) GDNF in frontal cortex for control rat have a higher expression than that of the same group before adding noise (up-regulation). (4) GDNF expression in temple lobe for glutamatic acid group have a remarkable down-regulation trend. (5) Expression of GDNF in frontal for control rat is much less than in temple.

CONCLUSIONERK in frontal cortex for AD model rat have fewer expressions and not being affected by 96 dB noise, but it is reverse in temple. Wide band frequency noise can reduce the expression of GDNF in temple lobe of AD model rat.

Acoustic Stimulation ; Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Auditory Threshold ; Disease Models, Animal ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; metabolism ; Female ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Glutamic Acid ; adverse effects ; Male ; Noise ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To study the influence of human leucocyte antigen(HLA) and major his-tocompatibility complex class Ⅰ chain-related gene A (MICA) specific antibodies on renal allograft function and graft rejective reaction by monitoring their changes from preoperative to postoperative pe-riods. Methods Twenty-seven patients with renal aliografts were tested with the specificity of anti-HLA antibodies (anti-HLA class Ⅰ and anti-HLA class Ⅱ) and anti-MICA antibodies and their posi-tive value changes by flow PRATM beads. The HLA genotype was integrated to distinguish donor specific antibody(DSA) and non-donor specific antibody(NDSA). Their serum creatinine levels and clinical data were analyzed simultaneously. Results Of the 27 patients, 22 cases accepted renal transplantation from dead bodies and 5 eases accepted from live donors. Except 1 failed patient, the other 26 patients had good functional renal allografts. Twenty-four survival patients were followed up on month 1, 3, 6 and 12 after transplantation. Seven out of 27 patients had pre-exist antibody before transplantation. Among them, 2 patients had anti-HLA antibody; 3 patients had anti-MICA antibody; 2 patients had both anti-HLA and anti-MICA antibody. Three patients with no anti-HLA and anti-MICA antibodies before transplantation created antibodies after transplantation from 3 to 6 months. One patient created NDSA after transplantation and appeared chronic rejection. There were 3 patients who had anti-MICA antibodies before transplantation. The expression levels of antibodies had changed from high to low, but the specific anti-MICA antibody had not changed during the follow-up on month 1, 3, 6 and 12 after transplantation. The patient with pre-transplantation low level of anti-HLA class Ⅱ antibody appeared acute rejection with fever and his CMV was positive as well. The patient's SCr levels changed from 171 μmol/L to 236 μmol/L after I to 3 months post-transplantation. Twenty-four patients were divided into positive and negative groups according to the specific antibody. There was significant difference of SCr levels between the 2 groups 1 month and 1 year after transplantation(P= 0.03, 0.05). Conclusions It is important to detect the specificity and positive value of anti-HLA antibodies and anti-MICA antibody regularly during the post transplantation follow-up. This will make an effective therapy for decreasing the occurrenee and development of acute or chronic rejection and hy-pofunction on renal allograft.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the morphologic and functional characteristics of the immortalized human liver sinusoidal endothelial cell line (LSEC line).

METHODSImmunofluorescence staining and fluorescence microscopy were used to detect the classic endothelial cell markers in LSEC line, and flow cytometry was used to analyze the purity of the human LSEC line. The morphology (including W-P bodies and surface fenestrations) and phagocytotic capacity of the human LSEC line were observed by transmission and scanning electron microscope. The proliferation curve of the human LSEC line was analyzed by MTT assay. The functional differences between the human LSEC line and human primary LSEC in expression of ELAM-1 and ICAM-1, activities of fibrinolysis (PAI-1, t-PA, u-PA), releasing of IL-6 and IL-8 were compared respectively by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Comparison of the susceptibility to hypoxia-reoxygenation induced apoptosis between the human LSEC line and human primary LSEC were investigated by TUNEL.

RESULTSThe established human LSEC line maintained a high proliferative ability and has been passaged for more than 80 times in the absence of any growth factors. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the human LSEC line could express classic endothelial cell marks including von Willebrand Factor (vWF), and could take up acetylated low-density lipoproteins (Ac-LDL). The purity of the human LSEC line was confirmed over 95% by flow cytometric analysis. The W-P bodies and the phagocytosis of Dynabeads was demonstrated by transmission electron microscope. And fenestrations could be found cellular surface with scanning electron microscopy. When compared with human primary LSEC, the human LSEC line has an equivalent responsiveness to tumor necrosis factor in up-regulation of ELAM-1 and ICAM-1. The human LSEC line can also release PAI-1, t-PA, u-PA but can not release IL-6 and IL-8 to TNF-alpha. In contrast, human primary LSEC could release IL-6. The human LSEC line showed higher susceptibility to hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced apoptosis, and the percentage of apoptotic cells was as high as (38.4 +/- 6.7)%, while (28.6 +/- 4.5)% and (7.8 +/- 1.2)% respectively in primary LSEC and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

CONCLUSIONSThe established human LSEC line maintains the special phenotypes and the major functional characteristics, and especially maintains the high susceptibility to hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced apoptosis. Therefore it is feasible to use this cell line for the study of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; E-Selectin ; metabolism ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Liver ; cytology