In recent 30 years, stem cell transplantation for severe aregenerative anemia has obtained significant clinical progress, so a regenerative anemia has the possibility of healing. With the improvement of pretreatment, the incidence and severity of complications after stem cell transplantation have been controlled. In this article, we retrieved relevant articles in Pubmed Database, and found the research progress of stem cell transplantation for treating aregenerative anemia. This article investigated the effect of pretreatment improvement on controlling failure rate of stem cell transplantation.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of midazolam on noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs by testing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the cochlea and plasma SOD and MDA. Methods Totally forty male pigmented guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups: control (C) , midazolam (M), normal saline (S) and noise-induced deafened (D) groups, with ten guinea pigs in each. Groups M, S and D were exposed to a continuous noise (4kHz , octave band, 100dB SPL) 3h every day for 3 consecutive days. Group M was treated with midazolam, which was administered intramuscularly (0.1mg/kg) 24h before noise exposure, and immediately upon and during noise exposure. Group S was exposed to noise and treated with the same volume of normal saline intramuscularly, the time of injection was the same as that of Group M. Group C was not exposed to noise, but was treated with midazolam intramuscularly, the time of injection and the dosage were the same as those of Group M. Group S was exposed to noise and treated with normal saline intramuscularly ,the time of injection was same with that of Group M.Group D was exposed to noise only. All animals received auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold recording before and immediately after noise exposure. Blood was collected when the guinea pigs were killed after the last ABR threshold recording, and serum SOD activity and MDA content were detected. Both the cochleae were removed and prepared for ROS assay. Results After noise exposure, ABR threshold shift (1.6±1.5) and ROS content [(291.10±2.30)u/mL] in Group M were significantly lower than those in Groups S and D [41.7±3.3, 44.3±3.9; (348.52±3.60)u/mL, (315.56±6.70)u/mL, P<0.05]. Serum SOD activity and MDA content were significantly increased in Group M, but the amplitude was less than that in Groups S and D.Conclusion Midazolam can prevent noise-induced hearing loss by reducing the increased ROS level in the cochlea after noise exposure.

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; Excitatory Amino Acids ; metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Panax ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Saponins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of large sized continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis ( CCC ) involving zonular area in manual small incision cataract surgery ( MSICS) .
METHODS:Totally 1 443 cataract patients ( 1 965 eyes ) underwent MSICS, in which large CCC up to 7-8mm were performed . The related conditions such as success rate of performing CCC, capsule rupture, corneal edema and visual acuity after surgery were recorded and statistically analyzed.
RESULTS:In total of 1 965 eyes, 1 942 eyes ( 98. 83%) had successful CCC, 15 eyes (0. 76%) had a radial tear which could not be saved when performing CCC, 8 eyes (0. 41%) had anterior capsule opened with a cystotome or a scissor due to capsule membrane calcification. No posterior capsule rupture occurred, and intraocular lens was transplanted in all cases. Transient corneal edema was noted in 36 eyes (1. 83%). One day after surgery, 1650 eyes (83. 97%) had visual acuity ≥0. 5, 1867 eyes (95. 01%) ≥0. 3. No unstable intraocular lens was noted in all cases.
CONCLUSION:Large CCC technique for MSICS is safe and reliable, not decreasing stability capsular bag and intraocular lens. It is of high originality despite zonular area is involved so that it is worthy of application in basic medical institutions.

Objective To observe the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and the effects of ERK5 selective inhibitor XMD8-92 on human platelet activation in vitro,and to explore its mechanism.Methods Western blot was applied to detect the phosphorylation levels of ERK5,Akt473 and Akt308 in AMI patients (n =34) and stable angina patients (n =33,control).The effects of different concentration of XMD8-92 on human platelet aggregation induced by collagen was tested by aggregometer in vitro.The release of ATP was measured simultaneously by luciferase detection.The effects of XMD8-92 on integrin aIIbβ3 were detected by platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen and clot retraction.The effects of XMD8-92 on phosphorylation levels of Akt473,Akt308 PTEN370 and ERK5 were detected by Western blot.Results The levels of phosphor-Akt473,Akt308 and phosphor-ERK5 were significantly higher in AMI patients than that in control group (P＜0.05).ERK5 inhibitor XMD8-92 diminished collagen-induced platelet aggregation,ATP secretion,the average area of platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen and the clot retraction extent.The levels of phosphor-Akt (Ser-473/Thr-308) and phosphor-PTEN (Ser370) were significantly down-regulated in the presence of XMD8-92.Conclusions ERK5 plays a role in platelet activation in AMI process.It regulates platelet activation by regulating PTEN and Akt phosphorylation.Its specific inhibitor is hoped to be new antithrombotic drug.

Lu Dangshen, a traditional authentic medicinal material of Codonopsis Radix is mainly produced in Shangdang (Changzhi) area of Shanxi Province. Baitiao Dangshen is mainly produced in Gansu Province. Codonopsis Radix contains many kinds of components such as phenylpropanoids, polyalkynes, alkaloids, terpenes, fatty acids, flavonoids, and so on. At present, the effect of producing areas on its chemical compositions has not been systematically studied. This study analyzed the differences of metabolites among Codonopsis pilosula from different producing areas by UPLC-HRMS. PCA, OPLS-DA coupled with Thermo mzcloud online and local databases were used to compare the overall differences of metabolites among Codonopsis pilosula from different producing areas, and the chemical constituents were identified to further screen and find out the different metabolites and analyze the metabolic pathways by information retrieval in HMDB, PubChem, Chemspider and KEGG databases. The results showed that 72 differential metabolites were identified in this study. There were 15 kinds of up-regulated and 57 kinds of down-regulated metabolites of Lu Dangshen compared with Baitiao Dangshen. The top 30 metabolic pathways were analyzed by KEGG enrichment, and the most important metabolic pathways were phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which was demonstrated that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and related intermediate metabolites could be used as the characteristics of distinguishing Lu Dangshen from different habitats of Codonopsis pilosula. The present study provided a basis for analyzing the influence of producing areas on the chemical components of Codonopsis pilosula and reasonably evaluating the quality of Codonopsis Radix, and also provided a new idea for expounding the authenticity of Lu Dangshen.

Base Pairing ; Dimerization ; Genome, Viral ; RNA, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; Retroviridae ; chemistry ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical effects of strategy by stages for preventing respiratory complications of patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury (ACSCI).

METHODSFrom September 2009 to May 2013,the clinical data of 91 patients with ACSCI underwent surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Among the patients, 42 patients were divided into in-stages group, including 30 males and 12 females with an average age of 50 years old (ranged 28 to 76) which were treated with strategy by stages for preventing respiratory complications; others 49 patients which were not treated with the strategy regarded as control group, including 38 males and 11 females with an average age of 47 years old (ranged 30 to 77). All of them had definite history of trauma, and were admitted to orthopaedics within 48 h after trauma. In in-stages group, respiratory muscle strength training, high-dose ambroxol using and other treatment were performed to prevent respiratory complilcations according to preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative stage. While in control group, there were no systematic and effective measures utilized. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the difference for respiratory complications rate, the rate of tracheostomy or intubation and mortality caused by the respiratory complications between two groups.

RESULTSTen patients developed with respiratory complications in in-stages group (7 patients with pneumonia, 1 with atelectasis and 2 with respiratory failure), among which 3 patients underwent tracheostomy or intubation. In control group, 24 patients developed with respiratory complilcations (15 with pneumonia,3 with atelectasis and 6 with respiratory failure), among which 11 patients underwent tracheostomy or intubation. There was significant difference between two groups (χ2 = 6.12, 4.07; P = 0.013, 0.044). Five patients died because of respiratory complications, one case were in in-stages group and 4 in control group. There was significant difference between two groups (χ2 = l.39, P = 0.238).

CONCLUSIONThe strategy by stages is an effective method for preventing respiratory complications of ACSCI and can reduce the respiratory complications rate and improve the prognosis of respiratory complications.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Cord ; injuries ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; prevention & control ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; prevention & control ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; Tracheostomy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effects of close reduction and minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis in treating proximal humerus fractures in the aged.

METHODSFrom February 2012 to December 2013,39 patients with proximal humerus fractures were treated with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO group, 21 cases) and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF group, 18 cases). Including 17 males and 22 females in the study, and aged from 67 to 88 years old with an average of (71.8 ± 5.2) years old. In MIPPO group, there were 11 males and 10 females with an average age of (70.0 ± 5.3) years old;and in ORIF group, there were 10 males and 8 females with an average age of (72.0 ± 4.2) years old. Operation time, blood loss during operation, fracture healing time and postoperative complications were recorded. The functions of the shoulder joints were assessed according to Constant-Murley score at final follow-up.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up from 11 to 27 months with an average of 18.1 months. The mean blood loss of the MIPPO group was (176.0 ± 57.4) ml,while the ORIF group was (356.0 ± 66.9) ml (t = 7.22,P = 0.01). The operation time of the MIPPO group was (47.4 ± 14.9) min, while the ORIF group was (92.7 ± 15.8) min (t = 0.79, P = 0.03). Fracture healing time in the MIPPO group and ORIF group was (17.6 ± 5.8), ( 21.7 ± 4.9) weeks, respectively (P < 0.05). The mean Constant-Murley score at final follow-up was 89.7 ± 14.5 in MIPPO group, and 81.8 ± 13.2 in ORIF group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMIPPO has advantages of little trauma, less blood loss, rapid recovery, less vascular damage and so on and can effectively treat the proximal humerus fracture in the aged.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Shoulder Fractures ; surgery

ObjectiveTo analyze therapeutic effects of conservative treatment and the causes of malunion of intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients, and try to find the way to deal with the problems. MethodsFifteen cases aged 75 to 101 years with intertroehanterie fracture treated conservatively were included.Their average age was 88.8 years.All fractures were classified according to Evens-Jensen.Because of the medical complication or other reasons, they were conservatively treated by methods of traction, wearing shoes et al. X-ray examination was taken at regular time and their final functions were assessed. ResultsTwo cases were died 1-3 months after admission, and the fractures were only partially healed. The remaining thirteen cases got complete healing. Among the fifteen cases, the deformity did not happen in 4 cases of IA without fixation and 1 case of IIB with bone traction. All others got the deformity of varus, shorting and external rotation in different degree, which interfered the lower extremity motor function. ConclusionsThe fracture position not kept and fixed satisfactorily during treatment would lead to more joint deformity and deteriorated hip joint function for the displaced intertroehanterie fractures in elderly patients.