Objective: To study the antitussive, expectorant and antiasthetic effects of Fortunella hindsii leaves. Methods: The antitussive effects were observed by the method of ammonia-induced cough in mice, the expectorant effects were observed by the method of phenolsulfonphthalein excretion in mice, and the antiasthmatic effects were observed by the method of histamine phosphate spray in guinea pigs. Results:The leaves of Fortunella hindsii at low, medium and high doses could decrease the cough times and prolong the cough latent period (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), high dose could promote the phenol red excretion (P<0. 05), and high and medium do-ses could prolong the incubation period of guinea pigs for asthma caused by histamine phosphate (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Conclu-sion:The leaves of Fortunella hindsii have promising antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects.

Objective To explore the risk factors contributing to wound complications following operative fixation for fractured calcanea.Methods Fitly-six patients with 61 fractured calcanea who had been treated with operative fixation from March 2000 to March 2003 were enrolled in investigation.General information of the pa- tients,ages,injury causes,classification of fracture,fall heights,smoking,delayed operation time,operation time and tourniquet time were documented preoperatively and postoperatively to be analyzed statistically.Results We report an overall wound complication rate of 14.8%(9/61).Wound infection,haematoma,dehiscence,heel necrosis and osteomyelitis were noted in our series.We identified the following as risk factors of postoperative wound compli- cations:1)fall from more than 3.4 m high(P＜0.05);2)delayed operation time less than seven days(P＜0.05); 3)operating time beyond two hours(P＜0.05);4)tourniquet time beyond 1.5 hours(P＜0.05).Conclusion In order to decrease wound complications following operative fixation tor fractured calcanea,surgeons should pertorm the operation 7 to 10 days after the injury,and reduce the operation time and tourniquet time.

Objective There are many methods to treat adult humeral shaft fracture. Plates fixation and intramedullary locking nail are two important methods. Though plate fixation are "gold criterion", there were many defects limited its development. With humeral intramedullary nail widely used, this study is to analysis and investigates the complications of locked nailing in humeral shaft fractures. Methods Between January 2000 and January 2004, 90 humeral shaft fractures (74 acute fractures and 16 delayed unions or nonunions) in 89 patients were treated with humeral intramedullary locking nails and followed up for an average of 25.4 months(12-34 months). There were 56 males and 33 females, with an average age of 39.3 years. Acute fractures included 62 closed, 7 Gustilo type Ⅰ, 3 type Ⅱ and 2 type Ⅲa open fractures. 12 nonunions had previous operations. 8 patients had radial nerve palsy. In general, acute fractures were treated with closed nailing and nonunions were treated with open nailing with bone grafting. 53 proximal humeral fracture were treated by antegrade nail, the others with distal humeral fracture were treated by retrograde nail. Results In total, 17 patients had 18 significant complications. 5 of them were persistent nonunions. There was no statistics difference between antegrade nail and retrograde nail. The others were protruded screws, fracture gap, shoulder impairment, elbow impairment, angular malunion, deep infection and postnailing radial nerve palsy. Conclusion The risk of operative comminution was significantly higher in retrograde nailing, and operative comminution resulted in a significantly higher risk of nonunion. Many complications of humeral locked nailing can be prevented by improving the implant design or surgical techniques.

Objective To compare and to assess the treatment of interchanteric fractures and subtrochanteric fractures by proximal femoral nail(PFN) and dynamic hip screw(DHS). Methods The patients with intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric fractures were divided into PFN and DHS group randomly. The common conditions, ASA score, operative procedures and postoperative conditions were evaluated. Results During the course of operation, the mean operation time was 62.8 min in DHS group, 45.4 min in PFN group. The mean bleeding was 230 ml in DHS group, 164 ml in PFN group. The mean length of incision was 13.7 cm in DHS group, 8.7 cm in PFN group. The mean drainage was 120 ml in DHS group, 106 ml in PFN group, there was no significant difference between two groups. 84 (94.4%) patients of DHS group were followed-up 12-25 months with a mean of 18.6 months. 74(94.9%)patients of PFN group were followed-up 12-21 months with a mean of 18.2 months. In DHS group, the average fracture healing time was 4.6 months, 2 patients with deep hematoma, the reduction was unsatisfactory in 6 patients, while in PFN group, the average fracture healing time was 4.3 months, deep hematoma occurred in 1 patient, the reduction was unsatisfactory in 5 patients, but there was no significant difference between two groups. The leg length measured at 12 months post-operatively revealed that the diseased site in DHS group was averagely 1.4 cm shorter than the healthy site; that the diseased site in PFN group was averagely 0.8 cm shorter than the healthy site. Conclusion There is no significant difference between two operative methods concerning to bony healing time, complications and recovery of the function. PFN is less invasive, easier to perform and with shorter operation time.

Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharynx ; pathology ; Pyriform Sinus ; Thyroglossal Cyst ; surgery

Acute Disease ; Atropine ; therapeutic use ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide ; therapeutic use

Objective To study the immunophenotypic features of NK/T cell lymphoma in children and its association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Methods Five cases of children′s NK/T cell lymphoma were studied. CD45RO, CD3?, CD56, CD20, TIA-1 and granzyme B were detected by immunohistochemistry staining for investigating immunophenotype. The expression of EBV-latent membrane protein (LMP-1) were detected by immunohistochemistry. EBV-encoded RNA (EBER1/2) were detected by in situ hybridization (ISH). Results CD45RO, CD3?, TIA-1 and granzyme B were positive in 5 cases, CD56 was positive in 2 cases, while CD20 negative in 5 cases.EBER1/2 positive in 4 cases and LMP-1 positive in 3 cases.Conclusions NK/T cell lymphoma in children is strong associated with EBV infection,and EBV infection may play an important role in the pathogenesis of children NK/T cell lymphoma.

Objective To assess the efficacy and tolerability of continuous low-dose cyclophosphamide and prednisone regimen(CP)as salvage therapy for multiple myeloma patients with severe complications.Methods The CP regimen consisted of oral cyclophosphamide at 50 mg and oral prednisone at 15 mg daily.The patients were withdrawn if the response was invalid or not improved after 6 months,and follow-up was carried on if CR maintained for 6 weeks.A total of 23 consecutive patients received the CP regimen,with 18 patients having severe complications,and 5 patients unwilling to accept conventional chemotherapy because of severe infection.All patients had received one to four regimens before.Results Among 23 patients with CP regimen,the overall response rate(CR+VGPR+PR)was 61%,with 1 CR,4 VGPR,9 PR,3 MR and 6 PD.The quality of life and physical conditions were improved significandy.Conclusion Our data showed that CP was an effective,well-tolerated,and convenient regimen as salvage therapy for MM with severe complications.