CBS(Case Based Study)is a new teaching method,which is based on the case given.It requires students to answer questions according to the case. In the teaching,the students who are divided into groups,seek for resolvent by themselves. They should combine the information provided in the case,find the key answer and the relationship.The students gain the knowledge by reviewing and studying in the textbook,then analyse and solve questions with them. The application of CBS could make knowledge more relatively and systematic, moreover,it also make study more actively and initiatively.

A total of 160 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into microalbuminuria(42 cases)and normoalbuminuria(118 cases)groups.Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of microalbuminuria was independently associated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)and intima-media thickness(both P

The safety and efficacy of retroperitoneoscopic microwave ablation (MWA) in the treatment of renal hamartoma were evaluated. From July 2007 to July 2009, a total of 16 cases of renal hamartoma were treated with retroperitoneoscopic MWA. Peri- and post-operative findings were observed. Middle-term efficacy was assessed by contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) in follow-up period. All patients received MWA of 1-5 points. The mean operative time was 85 min and the mean blood loss was 65 mL. During a median follow-up of 16 months, no evidence of disease recurrence was observed despite of incomplete ablation in 1 case. Retroperitoneoscopic MWA is a relatively simple procedure with less impact to renal function and less complication. The outcome of middle-term follow-up is satisfactory. Thus, retroperitoneoscopic MWA appears to be a safe and effective technique for renal hamartoma in selected patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in patients with primary gastric non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PG-NHL).Methods The pathological data of 51 PG-NHL patients admitted in our hospital from 2003 to 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 51 patients with PG-NHL,there were 26 males and 25 females.The patients' age ranged from 18 to 80 years old with median age as 56 years old.The median survival time was 32 months (range from 1 to 114 months).The oneyear overall survival (OS),three-year OS and five-year OS were 90.2 ％,82.4 ％ and 80.4 ％,respectively.The surgery did not significantly improve PG-NHL patients' progress free survival and OS.Only 1 (2.0 ％) patient had gastrointestinal hemorrhage and perforation after chemotherapy.However,6 (46.2 ％) patients suffered from early satiety,gastric emptying disorder,alkaline reflux gastritis and dumping syndrome in surgery group.Conclusions Surgery did not improve the survival of PG-NHL patients.The life quality in chemotherapygroup is better than that in surgical group.

Objective To summarize primary experiences of integrated fetal diagnosis and postnatal treatment for the transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Methods Five fetus were diagnozed as TGA at(28.4 ±4.4) weeks of gestation via fetal echocardiography. The mean age of the pregnant women was (28.4 ±3.0) years old. Delivers were taken by caesarean at (36.5 ±1.8) weeks of gestation. The body weight of neonates was (2468 ±442) grams. All neonates were transported to the department of neonatology and re-checked by echocardiography. 3 cases were TGA with intact ventricular septum, 2 cases were TGA with ventricular septal defect. Prostaglandin and mechanical ventilation were applied if oxygen saturation was lower. The standard arterial switch procedure was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate hypothermia. Results The mean age for patients at surgery was (9. 0 ±6. 2) days ( ranged 2-19 days). Three neonates survived, 2 preterm neonates died. One with body weight 1770 g, 2 days after operation was died of sudden heart arrest and failure of resuscitation. Another was treated by mechanical ventilation and prostaglandin after delivery and underwent operation at the second postnatal day, the neonate appeared low cardiac output and high serum lactate postoperatively and died in the third day. Conclusion The integrated fetal diagnosis and postnatal treatment for TGA could prevent severe cyanosis and emergency transportation after parturition. The lack of any link in the cooperation among the multidisciplinary team could affect the benefits for the TGA neonates provided by prenatal diagnosis.

Objective To explore the effects of delivery classification scale for fetal cardiac disease on the prenatal and postnatal integrated treatment strategies.Methods Delivery classification scale for fetal cardiac disease included:grade Ⅰ,no hemodynamics instability; grade Ⅱ,ducted-dependent lesions,stable hemodynamics anticipated;grade Ⅲ,possibility or likelihood of hemodynamic instability; IMPACT(delivery immediately heart intervention) level,hemodynamic instability is anticipated at separation from placental circulation.During August 2006 to May 2010,a retrospective study of 46 cases of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease and delivery in one cardiac center was taken,in which 33 in grade Ⅰ,9 in grade Ⅱ,4 in grade Ⅲ,and no IMPACT.Results Thirty-nine boys and 7 girls were born at (38.0 ± 1.4) weeks of gestation and had consistent fetal diagnoses of mainly cardiac abnormalities with postnatal screen.Thirteen neonates underwent cardiac intervention within one week after birth with one death,including 2 in grade Ⅰ,7 in grade Ⅱ,4 in grade Ⅲ,of them 1 death.Seven infants including 5 in grade Ⅰ and 2 in grade Ⅱ underwent cardiac intervention with one death.The remaining 26 children in grade Ⅰ had uneventfully outcomes,in which 7 cases of surgical operation,17 cases of interventional therapy,2 cases of spontaneous healing.Conclusion Delivery classification scale for fetal cardiac disease should have some guiding significance for early treatment strategies and could enhance closely integration of prenatal diagnosis and postnatal treatment.The most fetuses in grade Ⅰ need not undergo cardiac interventions in neonatal stage.However,early cardiac intervention for fetuses in grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ should be carried out postnatally with the help of neonatologists.

AIM: To investigate the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and α-SMA in human lens epithelium cell (HLEC) line B3 after transfection by liposome-coated siRNA targeting CTGF.METHODS: HLECs were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting CTGF,labeled with 5`-fluorescein isothiocyanate (5`-FITC) and coated with lipofectamine.The transfection ratio was evaluated via fluorescence intensity.Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to assess cytoviability of both non-transfected and transfected HLECs.Quantitative RT-PCR,cell immunochemistry and Western blot analysis were conducted to detect the expression changes of CTGF and α-SMA after transfection.RESULTS: A highly effective transfection ratio was observed in siRNA co-transfected with lipofectamine.The transfection ratio reached 95% at 24h.The proliferation of HLECs was inhibited by siRNA after 72h transfection.The expression of CTGF and α-SMA significantly decreased in HLECs after transfected by CTGF siRNA for 24h.This effect was not found in negative control siRNA.CONCLUSIONS: SiRNA targeting CTGF decreased CTGF and α-SMA expression in HLECs,which is a potential therapeutic strategy for posterior capsular opacification.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexamethasone to the cultured rat thoracic aortic smooth muscle cells(SMC)in vitro,and explore the role on it's prevention and cure for the in-stent restenosis after vascular intervention.Methods The rat thoracic aortic SMC were harvested and cultured for six to ten passages.The cultured SMC were synchronized and then restimulated to enter the cell cycle,and treated with incremental concentrations of dexamethasone or without dexamethasone as control.The proliferative assay was performed with MTT method in the different time points after treatment.RT-PCR was performed to assay the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)mRNA.Results 1.Dexamethasone progressively inhibited rat aortic SMC proliferation in a concentration-dependent fashion.The A value was statistically significant for different concentrations(F=36.02,P＜0.001).The effect was not significant for dexamethasone concentrations either between 10~(-6)and 10~(-5)mol/L(P=0.065)or between 10~(-11)mol/L and control group(P= 0.567).2.RT-PCR suggested dexamethasone significantly decreased rat aortic SMC PCNA mRNA transcription in a concentration-dependent fashion.Statistical analysis indicated F=15.407 and P＜0.001 by ANOVA. Comparing to the control,the corrected A value was not statistically significant at 10~(-9)or 10~(-11)mol/L groups by post hoc analysis.Conclusions Dexamethasone inhibits rat aortic SMC proliferation in a concentration- dependent fashion.The data suggest that effective action concentration is 10~(-7)mol/L with persistent time up to 96 hours or more.Dexamethasone may play the inhibit role to SMC at lower concentration with prolonging action time.

OBJECTIVETo explore the etiological factor, diagnostic localization and treatment of delayed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea.

METHODSThe medical records of 79 patients who had undergone endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea between 2000 and 2008 were reviewed. Thirteen patients with CSF leaks occurred 3 months after head trauma. All 13 patients with delayed CSF leak were retrospectively evaluated with CT or MRI and surgically treated. The operative findings were compared with the results of CT or MRI to estimate the diagnostic value of imaging technique.

RESULTSBony defects had been found on CT scanning in all 13 patients. Neural tissue herniation into the nasal sinuses was found in 11 patients during the surgery. The sizes of the leak ranged from 0.1 cm x 0.2 cm to 1.2 cm x 1.5 cm. Reconstruction of the skull base was done through endoscopic approach. No complications were found. Thirteen patients were followed up from 12 - 36 months, and none was recurrence.

CONCLUSIONSHerniation of mucosal tissue into the nasal sinuses after skull base defects could result in delayed CSF leak. CT and MRI can clearly show the skull base defects and neural tissue herniation. Endoscopic closure of CSF leaks was both safe and effective.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; complications ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to improve the sensitivity of magnetic induction phase shift detection system for cerebral hemorrhage. In the study, a cerebral hemorrhage model with 13 rabbits was established by injection of autologous blood and the cerebral hemorrhage was detected by utilizing magnetic induction phase shift spectroscopy (MIPSS) detection method under the feature band. Sixty five groups of phase shift spectroscopy data were obtained. According to the characteristics of cerebral hemorrhage phase shift spectroscopy under the feature hand, an effective method, B-F distribution, to diagnose the severity of cerebral hemorrhage was designed. The results showed that using MIPSS detection method under feature band, the phase shift obviously growed with increase of injection volume of autologous blood, and the phase shift induced by a 3-mL injection reached -7.750 3 degrees ± 1.420 4 degrees. B-F distribution could effectively diagnose the severity of cerebral hemorrhage. It can be concluded that the sensitivity of the cerebral hemorrhage magnetic induction detection system is improved by one order of magnitude with the MIPSS detection method under the feature band.
Animals ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; Magnetic Phenomena ; Magnetics ; Rabbits ; Spectrum Analysis ; methods