On account of different thickness of tissues absorbing different doses of X ray, it is difficult to display anatomical details of different tissues on a single screen of DR equipment. In order to resolve this problem, the self-adaptive reverse S mode transformation algorithm is presented in the paper, which can modify darker regions and brighter regions respectively, and improve the visibility of weakly details.
Algorithms ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; instrumentation ; methods

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; Plastics ; Trimethyltin Compounds ; poisoning ; Waste Management

To study the influence of foreign plasmid DNA on spleen metabolism in immune-stimulated mice via the gastrointestinal tract. Mice were oral administered by pipette with 200?g of plasmid pcDNA3 and spleen were isolated at 4h and 18h after oral administration. Total RNA were extracted from spleen and spleen gene expression profile of Balb/c mice was analyzed by using Affymetrix oligonucleotide genechip after oral plasmid pcDNA3 administration. Functional cluster analysis was conducted by Genmapp and MAPPFinder software. By functional cluster analyzing the genes which were up-regulated more than twofolds, Genmapp results showed that plenty of metabolic pathway were induced in spleen after oral administration of plasmid pcDNA3. These metabolic process included purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, protein synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, fatty acid synthesis, Glycolysis, TCA cycle and mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation pathway. The similar results also took place at 18h after oral administration. The result indicated that foreign plasmid DNA can modulate metabolism process in spleen of mice via the gastrointestinal tract, and may help understand the mechanism of action of foreign plasmid DNA uptaked via the gastrointestinal tract.

OBJECTIVETo observe application value of multispectral animal living imaging technology in rats model of osteoarthritis.

METHODSFifteen male SD rats weighed (180 +/- 20) g (3 months old) were received intra-articular injection of iodoacetic acid for establishing osteoarthritis. Articular cavity of left knee of rats were injected into 50 microl iodoacetic acid. The same volume of sterile saline was injected into right knee articular cavity as control. X-ray living imaging and bone mineral density were observed at 2 and 4 weeks after establishment of model. After 4 weeks,rats were sacrificed and their bilateral joints were collected and determined histologically based on Collins classification and Kellgren-Lawrence classification.

RESULTSOsteoarthritis model was successfully established, compared with control group, model group showed typical manifestation of osteoarthritis, including irregular cartilage surface,osteophyte formation,joint deformity and cartilage defect,and combined with significant decrease of bone density (P < 0.01), while the decrease was not obvious in proximal tibia (P < 0.05). After 2 weeks, knee joints in model group was classified as Collins grade 1 and Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2,then classified as Collins grade 4 and Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 after 4 weeks,control group showed smooth articular surface,normal joint space and intact cartilage surface, knee joints was classified as Collins and Kellgren-Lawrence grade 0, and bone density of distal femur and proximal tibia were normal.

CONCLUSIONMultispectral animal living imaging technology could be used in dynamic observation of living imaging and detection of bone density in the animal model of osteoarthritis, and it is significant for evaluation of osteoarthritis model, and its realted tesearch.

Animals ; Bone Density ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Osteoarthritis ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Radiography ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

At the present time, a kind of monitoring technology assuring highly effectual anesthesia is urgently required in the clinical practice. Electroencephalogram (EEG) assumes a dominant position in the current research of the depth detection of anesthesia. In this paper, the monitoring technique of the depth detection of anesthesia by bispectral index (BIS) is systematically showed. The bispectral index is a compound parameter which is composed of time domain, frequency domain, and high order spectral subparameters of the electroencephalograph. This nonlinear compound calculation method is worth research and is of great significance to the development of a new monitor of closed-loop control of anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; methods ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; methods

Objective To explore the optimal diagnosis and treatment strategy of tumors at the foramen magnum,the clinical characteristics were analyzed retrospectively.Methods The clinical data of 58 cases with foramen magnum tumors treated with microsurgery in our department were collected and analyzed retrospectively.And intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring was employed in later 21 cases.Results Gross total resection was achieved in 48 of the 58 cases ; Five of the 10 patients with VA encased by tumors were totally resected.Full resection was achieved in 43 of the last 48 cases.Forty-three of the 47 cases with intradural tumors got complete resection,and total resection was achieved in 3 and 2,respectively,in 9 intra-extradural communicated tumors and 2 extradural ones.Symptoms were significantly improved in 50 cases,worsened in 5 patients,and maintained stable in the last 3 patients.Post-operative symptoms were obviously improved in the later 21 cases with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring employed and the therapeutic effect of the treatment was much better than the former cases.Three patients died postoperatively.Fifty cases got complete follow-up from 6 months to 3 years.Among them,forty-four patients had a KPS score of 80-100,but the other 6 patients less than 80.Conclusion Microsurgical treatment for foramen magnum tumors is effective.Optimal surgical approaches and precise micro-operative techniques are crucial for the tumor removing.It is quite difficult and risky to fully resect the intra-extradural communicated tumors and the ones encasing vertebral artery.Preoperative evaluation should be profound.The application of intra-operative electrophysiological monitoring and the timely management of post-operative complications can improve the prognosis obviously.

Objective To explore the relationship of estradiol(E_2),monoamine neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),dopamine(DA)and postpartum depression.Methods Totally 342 women within 42 days after childbirth were assessed with Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS),Beck depression inventory(BDI),and general health questionnaire(GHQ).Above or equal to 13 of overall score of EPDS was the diagnosis standard of postpartum depression,and the women tested were divided into depression group and normal group accordingly,using the reagent box of radio immunoassay to test estradiol and 5-HT and DA level in the serum.Results(1)Incidence:the incidence of postpartum depression was 16.7%(57/342).The highest incidence occurred in patients above 35(22.2%);the incidence among women under 23 years old was lowest(12.5%),with a significant difference between them(P0.05). Conclusions Evaluation scales such as EPDS,BDI,and GHQ should be used to screen for postpartum depression.The measurement of estradiol and monoamine neurotransmitter(5-HT,DA)level can be used as biological objective indicators for prevention and treatment of postpartum depression.

Humans ; Homicide ; Forensic Pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate lyophilization of SM-SLN.

METHODThe parameters of lyophilization process was optimized. In addition, the protective effect of various types and concentrations of cryoprotectants were tested by shape, colour and disparity.

RESULTThe mixture of 2% lactose and 2% glucose could better prevent nanoparticles from aggregating, the optimal lyophilization process was followed: precooled at -45 degrees C for 10 hr; primary drying at -25 degrees C for 5 hr; secondary drying at 10 degrees C for 3 hr; finally drying at 30 degrees C for 6 hr.

CONCLUSIONChanges in particle size distribution during lyophilization could be minimized by optimizing the parameters of the lyophilization process and adding supporting agent.

Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Freeze Drying ; methods ; Glucose ; chemistry ; Lactose ; chemistry ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Milk Thistle ; chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Particle Size ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Silymarin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

5 mm and ≤8 mm in 4 cases.The mean value was 4.2 mm. Four patients noticed reduction in their vision and two had diplopia.Those patients were examined by CT or MR.Direct venography was performed in each patient.After the diagnosis of OVM was confirmed, intralesional injection of BLE was performed.The efficacy of the treatment and complications were observed during the following 8 to 42 months(mean 23 months).Results The BLE were successfully injected in all the patients.All patients had resolution of proptosis and diplopia.Three patients gained improvement of visual acuity.The periorbital swelling occurred in all patients after operation and resolved within 1 week without special treatment.Other complications,such as orbital hemorrhage and periorbital scar,were not observed during following-up.Conclusion Intralesional injection with BLE is convenient,safe and efficient for the treatment of OVM.