Surgical operation is the most important method for the treatment of iatrogenic bile duct injury,and correct selection of the timing of surgical repair is a prerequisite for successful injury repair.This article elaborates on the timing of immediate repair of bile duct injury found during surgery and the timing of delayed repair of bile duct injury found after surgery and summarizes the timing and methods for delayed repair based on the location and manifestations of injuries (such as biliary obstruction,bile leakage,and injury in the choledocho-pancreatico-duodenal junction).It is pointed out that the pathological state of injury is the critical factor for deciding surgical timing.The overall tendency of the timing of repair is early repair,and delayed repair should be performed as early as possible within 2-4 weeks after effective control of inflammation.

Leukoaraiosis (LA) complicating stroke is more common.Studies have shown that LA is closely associated with the occurrence and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage.This article reviews the relationship between LA and primary intracerebral hemorrhage,intracerebral hemorrhage after anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapies as well as cerebral microbleeds.

Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignancy of biliary tract, ranking the sixth among gastrointestinal tract cancers worldwide.However, the low resectability, dissatisfied chemosensitivity and multidrug resistance of gallbladder cancer are currently the major challenges in the clinical management.The drug resistance has been reported to be a rather complex process, mainly involving drug effiux pump, drug-resistance mediating enzymes, transcription factors, cell autophagy and so on.Investigating the potential multidrug resistance mechanisms in gallbladder cancer and clarifying the related influential factors is the key to improving the chemosensitivity of gallbladder cancer.Slacking or reversing the resistance and enhancing the chemosensitivity could provide new idea for treating gallbladder cancer.

Objective To evaluate the short-term effect of low atrial septum pacing and different pacing frequency to prevent atrial fibrillation in patients with sick sinus syndrome . The electrophysiological mechanism would be ana-lyzed. Methods Thirty eight sick sinus syndrome patients were randomly divided to right atrial appendage pacing group and low atrial septum pacing group. The conduction time from P wave to left atrial and left atrioventricular in-terval was measured at different atrial pacing frequency. The effects of different atrial pacing frequency on interatrial conduction time were analyzed. The occurrence of atrial fibrillation was compared within an average one year follow-up period. Results ①There were no differences in basic information before treatment between the two groups. ②There were no complication, pacing and sensing dysfunction between the two groups.③The occurrence of atrial fi-brillation in low atrial septal group was lower than that in right atrial appendage pacing group. Similarly, the con-duction time from P wave to left atrial was shorter and left atrioventricular conduction time was longer in low atrial septal group. The difference was statistically significant.④ Left atrioventricular interval was longer in high pacing frequency(80 bpm) compared to low pacing frequency(60 bpm) between the two groups. The difference was statis-tically significant. Conclusion In sick sinus syndrome patients, the occurrence of atrial fibrillation is lower on low-er atrial septal group. Increasing atrial pacing percentage may be enhanced the effect. The mechanism may be asso-ciated with shortened interatrial conduction and extended left atrioventricular interval, which improves interatrial and left atrioventricular synchrony eventually.

0.05). The levels of progesterone and hCG in the inevitable group were significantly decreased to(36?17) nmol/L and(13 ?3) kU/L, respectively. The differences when compared to the other groups were statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion LIF may play a role in the maintenance of normal pregnancy. Reduction of LIF expression in chorionic villi may induce the decrease of serum progesterone and hCG levels and, ultimately, cause inevitable abortion.

With the development of computer techniques and medical imaging examining methods , precise radiotherapy is becoming the major direction of radiotherapy for tuomors. Both of tumor control probability and normal tissue complication probability are improved with precise radiotherapy. This paper critically review the value of PET-CT and breathing control in precise radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Objective To evaluate the significance of the treatment of intra- and extra- hepatic recurrent stones through the subcutaneous jejunal loop. Methods The authors respectively analyzed 24 cases of intra- or extra- hepatic recurrent stones and/or acute cholangitis treated through the subcutaneous jejunal loop from January 1989 to January 2003. Results Of the 24 cases, 10 cases (18 times) of acute cholangitis received drainage through the subcutaneous jejunal loop and their symptoms relieved (18/18); 14 cases (17 times) of recurrent intra- and extra- hepatic stones received selective drainage placement through the subcutaneous jejunal loop. The extra- or intra- hepatic stones were removed under choledochoscope through the subcutaneous jejunal loop, the stone clearance rate being 79.2% (19/24). Conclusions It is a convenient, minimally invasive, and effective method to treat intra- and extra- hepatic recurrent stones through the subcutaneous jejunal loop.

Objective To evaluate the effect and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous thrombin injection for the treatment of postcatheterization femoral arterial pseudoaneurysm.Methods Seventy-eight patients with femoral anterial pseudoaneurysm were included in this study.Pseudoaneurysms were treated by bedside compression in 50 of these 78 patients(group A),and by thrombin injection in 28 patients(group B).All patients were diagnosed by GE LOGIQ 9 Color Doppler Ultrasound.Ultrasound guided thrombin injection for femoral arterial pseudoaneurysme were carried out in patients in group B.Results Closure of the pseudoaneurysm was successfully in 82 percent(41/50) of the patients in group A.Six patients had vagus reflex,4 patients could not tolerate repeating compression and 5 patients were not effectively cured by compression and needed to receive remedial ultrasound-guided percutaneous thrombin injection.Closure of the pssudoareurysm by percutaneous thrombin injection was successful in all patients in group B.Successful immediate closure were noted in 25 patients and 2 patients needed second thrombin injection.One patient had vasovagal syncope and 12 patients had mild fever.No distal embolization,infection,hemorrhage or allergic reaction occurred.Conclusion Compared to compression therapy for treatment of femoral arterial pseudoaneurysme,ultrasound-guided percutaneous thrombin injection is a simple,safe and effective treatment alternative.

Animals ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; poisoning ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Sodium Oxybate ; therapeutic use ; Unithiol ; therapeutic use

Objective To investigate the distribution and antibiotic resistance characteristics of pathogen in mastitis patients and to provide important foundation for clinical rational antibiotic use .Methods The bacterial isolates from 114 mastitis specimens were collected .Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were carried out .Results A total of 67 strains were isolated from clinical specimen ,in which Staphylococcus aureus[50 .7% (34/67)] and Staphylococcus epidermidis[44 .8% (30/67)] were themostcommonisolate,also Escherichiacoli[1.49% (1/67)],Klebsiellapneumoniae[1.49% (1/67)]andAcinetobactercalcoace-ticus[1 .49% (1/67)] were isolated .The rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and methicillin-resistance to coagulase-negative Staphylococci(MRCNS) were 8 .8% and 46 .7% ,respectively .The sensitive rates of minocycline ,vancomycin , teicoplanin ,furadantin to MRSA strains were 100 .0% .The sensitive rates of vancomycin ,teicoplanin ,levofloxacin ,furadantin and oxacillin to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA) were 100 .0% .The sensitive rates of minocycline ,rifampin ,furadan-tin ,vancomycin ,teicoplanin and oxacillin to methicillin-sensitive to coagulase-negative Staphylococci(MSCNS) were 100 .0% .The sensitive rates of vancomycin ,teicoplanin ,minocycline and furadantin to MRCNS were 100 .0% .The resistance rates of penicillin to MRSA ,MSSA ,MSCNS ,MRCNS were 100 .0% .Conclusion Staphylococcus is the main pathogen of mastitis patients .Penicillin is not a first selective drug for acute mastitis .