OBJECTIVE:To improve the drug delivery procedures and reduce the defects occurred in drug delivery.METHODS:The five procedures of six sigma including defining,measuring,analyzing,improving and controlling were applied to improve the drug delivery in our hospital's single dose dispensing(UDD)center.RESULTS:Due to the application of the six sigma method,the defect rate of drug delivery dropped from 25.1%(before the initiation of the six sigma method)to 5%(after the initiation of the six sigma method),which was significant lower as compared before the initiation of the six sigma method.CONCLUSION:Six sigma method contributed to the reduction of defect rate of drug delivery,so it deserves to be widely used in each management link in UDD center so as to improve the quality of dispensing.

OBJECTIVE:To supply the reference for benchmarking framework of unit dose dispensing(UDD).METHODS:To introduce the running module and the training mode for UDD pharmacists of the UDD management mode,and the working quality was controlled using 6? management pattern.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The benchmarking framework of UDD is feasible in practice and it can help guarantee dispensing accuracy,improve the quality of pharmaceutical care.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of texture analysis derived from conventional MR imaging in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods Thirty-six patients with malignant breast lesion and 33 patients with benign breast lesion were retrospectively analyzed in our study. All patients underwent conventional MR imaging including axial T1WI, T2WI, and contrast-enhanced T1WI before surgery. Texture features were calculated from manually drawn ROIs by using MaZda software. The feature selection methods included mutual information (MI), Fishers coefficient, classification error probability combined with average correlation coefficients (POE + ACC) and the combination of the above three methods(FPM). These methods were used to identify the most significant texture features in discriminating benign breast lesion from malignant breast lesion. The statistical methods including raw data analysis (RDA), principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and nonlinear discriminant analysis (NDA) were used to distinguish malignant breast lesion from benign breast lesion. The results were shown by misclassification rate. Results In the three kinds of sequences, the texture features for differentiating malignant breast lesion and benign breast lesion were mainly from T2WI which had the lowest misclassification rate 4.35%(3/69). The misclassification rates of the feature selection methods were similar in MI, Fisher coefficient and POE+ACC (15.94%to 56.52%for MI;17.39%to 56.52%for Fisher coefficient and 17.39%to 56.52%for POE+ACC). However, the misclassification rate of the combination of the three methods (4.35%to 53.62%for FPM) was lower than that of any other kind of method. In the statistical methods, NDA (4.35% to 27.54%) had lower misclassification rate than RDA (33.33% to 56.52%), PCA (33.33% to 53.62%) and LDA (15.94% to 44.93%). Conclusion Texture analysis of conventional MR imaging can provide reliably objective basis for differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions.

The glucoamylase gene (glaA) of Aspergillus niger CICIM F0410 was cloned, sequenced and expressed. The integrated plasmid pBC-Hygro-glaA carrying the glaA was constructed and transformed into A. niger F0410. Transformants with multiple copies of glaA integrated in the chromosome were selected by 150 microg/mL hygromycin B and identified by real-time PCR. Two to three multiples of glaA in the chromosome were found to be optimal for higher expression of glucoamylase. Shake-flask fermentation under optimal conditions showed that glucoamylase secreted by the transformant GB0506 was 17.5% higher than parental strain F0410 at the end of fermentation. In conclusion, increasing copy number of glaA by chromosomal integration significantly improves the yield of glucoamylase in the industrial strain of A. niger.
Aspergillus niger ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis

To observe the protective effect and mechanism of Sailuotong capsule in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) reperfusion model was established. The expressions of dynamin-related protein 1 ( Drp1) and optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) were tested by Western blot. The transmission electron microscope was used to observe the changes in the mitochondrial ultra-structure. The pathological morphological changes were observed through the HE staining. The immunohistochemical method was used to test Drp1 and Opa1 expressions. Sailuotong capsule (33, 16.5 mg x kg(-1), ig) can inhibit the abnormal mitochondrial fission and fusion in the cortical area on the ischemia side and the mitochondrial fission gene expression and promote the mitochondrial fusion gene Opa1 expression, so as to alleviate the energy metabolism disorder caused by ischemia/reperfusion. Sailuotong capsule can inhibit the abnormal mitochondrial dynamics in peri-ischemic regions and maintain the normal morphology of mitochondria, which may be the mechanism of Sailuotong capsule in promoting the self-recovery function in the ischemic brain region.
Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; surgery ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Dynamins ; genetics ; metabolism ; GTP Phosphohydrolases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) on the proliferation of prostate cancer PC-3 cells.

METHODSLipofectamine 2000 was used to transfect the recombinant plasmids carrying the shRNA targeting GnT-V gene into PC-3 cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the mRNA expression of GnT-V, and CCK-8 assay was used to measure the cell proliferation after the transfection.

RESULTSThe recombinant plasmids were successfully transfected into PC-3 cells, resulting in a reduction of GnT-V mRNA expression by 73%. The proliferation of PC-3 cells was significantly inhibited after the transfection.

CONCLUSIONThe shRNA targeting GnT-V gene can reduce the expression of GnT-V mRNA and inhibit the proliferation of PC-3 cells in vitro.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Male ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ; genetics ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo investigate the cause of an outbreak characterized by diarrhea and vomit in a middle school in Huzhou City.

METHODSComprehensive analysis was conducted based on field epidemiological study, clinical characteristics of the cases and laboratory test.

RESULTS578 cases of acute gastroenteritis were found. The attack rate was 23.58%. The most frequently observed clinical symptoms were diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and nausea. Some few had fever. Most cases had slight clinical symptom with a course from 1 to 3 days. The cases were distributed in every class, showing no phenomenon of clustering. Norovirus were detected in 11 out of 15 stool samples by using RT-PCR. 6 were genogroup II norovirus. 3 were genogroup I norovirus. enogroup I and II norovirus were detected at the same time in 2 stool samples (the same student with 2 tests). Case-control study showed that drinking unheated bottled water was risk factor (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.19-5.23), and had a dose response relation with the disease (chi = 24.8 P < 0.01). The epidemic was controlled soon through isolating patients during treatment, providing boiled water, disinfecting and health education.

CONCLUSIONThis was an infectious diarrhea outbreak caused by norovirus. The suspected transmission ways were drinking unheated bottled water and contact daily.

Acute Disease ; epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Case-Control Studies ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Norovirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Water Microbiology ; Water Supply ; analysis

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the role of glycyrrhizin on TGFbeta1 stimulated signaling transduction in rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).

METHODSThe mice HSCs were isolated and cultured with or without glycyrrhizin (1 micromol/L-1000 micromol/L) in vitro after TGFbeta1 stimulation. The mRNA level of Smad2, 3, 7 were measured with RT-PCR; protein expression level of Smad2, 3, 7 and collagen I, III were analyzed with Western blot.

RESULTSTGFbeta1 increased the mRNA level and protein expression of Smad2, 3, 7 in HSC; it also increased protein expression of collagen I and III. 1 micromol/L-1000 micromol/L glycyrrhizin decreased the mRNA level and protein expression of Smad2, 3, 7; it also inhibited protein expression of collagen I and III gradually.

CONCLUSIONInterventing the TGFbeta signaling pathway and decreasing the synthesis of collagen, might be involved in the anti-fibrosis mechanism of glycyrrhizin.

Animals ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Smad Proteins ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo analyse the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of different pathogenesis type cases, severe and common cases of hand, foot and mouth disease.

METHODSDescriptive epidemic method was used to analyse the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of laboratory-confirmed cases with hand,foot and mouth disease.

RESULTSThe epidemiological characteristics 113 cases were the same as epidemic situation at the same time in Anji county. Clinical characteristics were difference in different pathogenesis type cases, severe and common cases of hand, foot and mouth disease.

CONCLUSIONPrevention and control work taken should according to the characteristics of the disease, such as early identification of severe cases, handling and controlling over the outbreaks in order to reduce the severe cases and the death.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; mortality ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Objective To investigate selcnium(Se) levels of environment and human body in Gaomi City and Zichuan District of Shandong. Methods Lijiaying Township in Gaomi City of Weifang City, Zhaili Township and Longquan Township in Zichuan District of Zibo City were selected. Two farming soil samples at different spot, local wheat and corn, residents nail samples from 3 to 4 families were collected in each natural village in the investigated towns. The contents of Se were detected by 2,3-diamino naphthalene fluorescence method. Results Se level of the soil, wheat, corn, and nails in Lijiaying [(0.054 ± 0.019), (0.022 ± 0.009), (0.018 ± 0.007), (0.365 ± 0.108)mg/kg] was significantly lower than that in Zhaili [(0.425 ± 0.080), (0.130 ± 0.043), (0.098 ± 0.026), (0.751 ± 0.134)mg/kg] and Longquan[(0.487 ± 0.153), (0.112 ± 0.030), (0.097 ± 0.029), (0.735 ± 0.145)mg/kg;P < 0.01]. In Lijiaying, Se was deficient in soil, wheat, corn(< 0.200, < 0.025 mg/kg), above Se deficiency diagnosis and below Se-adequate level in the nail, while in Zhaili and Longquan, the Se level in the soil (0.425, 0.487 mg/kg), wheat(0.130, 0.112 mg/kg), corn (0.098, 0.097 mg/kg), nails (0.751, 0.735 mg/kg) was adequate (≥0.400 mg/kg). Conclusions The external environment is Se-deficient in Lijiaying, Se-adequate in Longquan and Zhaili. The selenium level in human body is consistent with the external environment.