Objective To observe the characteristics of collateral circulation blood flow of ipsilateral ophthalmic artery in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion. Methods The imaging data of 20 patients with internal carotid artery occlusion were analyzed retrospectively. There were 11 males and 9 females, aged from 30 to 65 years, with an average age of (45±3) years. All the patients underwent digital subtraction angiography and transcranial Doppler examination, and 6 patients underwent simultaneous magnetic resonance angiography. The blood supply and collateral circulation of the ipsilateral ophthalmic artery were observed . Results All the patients had unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion. The blood supply of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery and ophthalmic artery comes from the collateral circulation between the middle meningeal artery branches of the external carotid artery and the ophthalmic artery in 18 patients (90.0%); it also comes from the anterior communicating artery of the contralateral internal carotid artery in 16 patients (80.0%); and the posterior communicating artery of the contralateral internal carotid artery in 12 patients (60.0%), respectively. Conclusion The blood flow of the ipsilateral ophthalmic artery mainly comes from the middle meningeal artery branch of the ipsilateral external carotid artery, also comes from the anterior and posterior communicating arteries of the contralateral internal carotid artery.

One severely burned patient, caused by heat lead slag and combined with shock, was hospitalized in our burn unit on 2nd June, 2016. The patient received treatments including anti-shock, intensive care, anti-infection, and organ protection. On post injury day 16, the patient suffered outbreak of acute hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis after eating dumplings. Plasma and albumin were given, octreotide was intravenously infused to inhibit the secretion of intestinal fluid, the broad-spectrum antibiotics were used for anti-infection, abdominal puncture and drainage were performed, sodium tanshinone ⅡA sulfonate was applied to improve the intestinal microcirculation, ulinastatin was applied to alleviate inflammatory reaction, somatostatin was given to reduce intestinal bleeding, and voriconazole was given for antifungal treatment. The patient gradually recovered and was finally cured and discharged. Among critically ill patients, gastrointestinal tract is not only the initiating organ of sepsis, but also one of the target organs which can be easily damaged during sepsis. This case reminds us the importance of gastrointestinal management in severely burned patients.

DNA Polymerase gamma ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; genetics ; Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; genetics ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mutation

In early stage after liver transplantation(LT), coagulation function of recipients stays in a fragile balance. Affected by a variety of complex mechanisms, blood is usually hypercoagulable. An imbalance between coagulation factors and physiological anticoagulants, elevated level of vWF, an occurrence of fibrinolysis inhibition and dosing of immunosuppressive agents cause a hypercoagulable state in an early stage after LT. Blood hypercoagulability may lead to such thrombotic complications as hepatic artery, portal vein and deep vein thromboses. Some studies have demonstrated that postoperative prophylactic anticoagulation has some effect in reducing the risks of early postoperative thrombosis. However, there is still a great lack of high-quality evidence. This review summarized the latest researches on early coagulation dysfunction, thrombosis and preventive anticoagulation after LT.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, and epalrestat plus methylcobalamine on diabetic peripheral neuropathy, as compared with methylcobalamine. Methods A total of 444 subjects with diabetic neuropathy were enrolled in the study, and divided into methylcobalamine group ( n= 145 ) , epalrestat group ( n = 143 ) , and methylcobalamine combined with epalrestat group ( n = 156 ) . Therapeutic efficacay was assessed in terms of clinical symptoms and physical examinations by using Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument ( MNSI ) , and electrophysiological assessments. Results After 4 to 12-weeks′treatment, symptoms and signs of neuropathy ( using MNSI ) are significantly improved in the three groups ( P<0. 01). The mean changes of MNSI ( questionnaire) score from baseline were higher in epalrestat group and methylcobalamine combined with epalrestat group as compared with that of methylcobalamine group(P<0. 05), but no difference was detected in the change of MNSI ( physical examination ) score from baseline among three groups. After treatment for 12 weeks, motor nerve conduction velocity ( MNCV ) was significantly improved in epalrestat group and methylcobalamine combined with epalrestat group(P<0. 05), but no difference was detected in MNCV at 12 week among three groups(P>0. 05). Conclusion Epalrestat is effective and safe in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Furthermore, epalrestat is more efficacious in ameliorating symptoms and MNCV of neuropathy than methylcobalamine. However, while no improved efficacy is shown with the combined treatment.

A fluorescent immunochromatographic test strip based on the quantum dots submicrobeads (QBs) was developed for quantitative detection of chloramphenicol (CAP). In this method, monoclonal antibody of CAP and OBs complex fluorescent probe was first prepared using 1-ethyl-3-( 3-dimethylaminopropyl ) carbodiimide / N-hydroxysuccinimide coupling approach, then complete antigen CAP-HS-BSA was synthesized and sprayed on nitrocellulose membrane as test line (T line). Similarly, goat anti-mouse antibody was sprayed as control line (C line). The time required for the analysis was 15 min, and the limit of detection (LOD) for CAP was 0. 1 μg / L, with a working range of 0. 1 - 100 μg / L. In spiked milk samples, the test strip demonstrated high recoveries in the range from 93. 3% to 97. 9% with relative standard deviations of less than 7% .

Objective: To investigate the early diagnosis and treatment for burn complicated with severe paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH). Methods: Medical records of patients with burn complicated with severe PSH, admitted to our department from April 2016 to March 2019 and meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. There were 4 males and 1 female, aged 17 months to 39 years, with an average of (21±16) years. During occurrence of PSH, the vital signs of patients were routinely monitored and oxygen were given. Other treatment included central venous catheterization and infusion of electrolyte solution, infusion of plasma according to patients′ condition, use of opioid analgesics and benzodiazepine sedatives, physical cooling and drug cooling, and establishment or maintenance of artificial airway and use of ventilator. Heart rate was controlled below 120 beats per minute in adults and 140 beats per minute in children with comprehensive treatment dominated by analgesia and sedation. Besides, single or multiple vasoactive agents, even in large doses were used to maintain normal blood pressure of patients. The occurrence characteristics, time, and treatment outcome of PSH were analyzed. Results: PSH happened rapidly, with a sharp increase in several minutes to dozens of minutes. Five patients were with symptoms such as high body temperature, shortness of breath, very fast heart rate, normal or elevated systolic blood pressure, hyperhidrosis, and dystonia at the onset. The symptoms occurred simultaneously or successively. According to the Clinical Feature Scale, the above-mentioned 6 indexes achieved the highest score of 3 points except of systolic blood pressure. Four patients showed dilated pupils and impaired consciousness. Among the patients, PSH occurred in the acute exudation stage in 3 patients, in the fluid reabsorption stage in 1 patient, and in the late repair stage in 1 patient. PSH of patients lasted for 3 hours to 12 days. The symptoms of 4 patients were effectively controlled, and 1 patient died of deterioration. No PSH occurred in the cured patients during follow-up of 3 to 14 months. Conclusions Burn complicated with PSH can occur at any time before wound repair and in patients with different injury conditions. The causes of PSH include sudden burn, persistent pain, fright and fear, strange environment, low blood volume, and other adverse stimuli, and PSH is more likely to occur in children with underdeveloped brain function. Intravenous infusion of analgesics sedatives, physical therapy and medication to lower body temperature, stabilizing blood pressure and respiration are effective measures to treat PSH. PSH should be distinguished from the common complications of burns, such as sepsis, cerebral edema, hyperpyretic convulsion, transfusion response, stress disorder, etc.

Objective:To investigate the application value of dual-graft living donor liver transplantation of right segment from an adult living donor combined with a left lateral segment from donation after brain death for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of a male 46-year-old patient with HCC who underwent dual-graft living donor liver transplantation of right segment from an adult living donor combined with a left lateral segment from donation after brain death at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University in October 2019 were collected. He weighed 66 kg and was 171 cm in height. His blood type was A Rh-positive. Graft one was from a female 23-year-old living donor who had a bodyweight of 50 kg, a height of 150 cm, and blood type of A Rh-positive; graft two was from a male 44-year-old brain death donor with the blood type of A Rh-positive. The surgery was performed in three operating rooms, graft one and graft two were obtained simultaneously in two operating rooms, and the recipient′s liver was dissected in the third operating room. When the in vitro splicing of the liver was almost completed, surgeons entirely removed the recipient′s liver and started to transplant the new one. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations and postoperative recovery of the living donor and the recipient; (2) postoperative pathological examination of the recipient′s liver; (3) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted by outpatient examinations, including monitoring of HCC recurrence, monitoring of new liver function, monitoring and adjustment of immunosuppressive agents, detection of biliary vascular complications, rejection and adverse drug reactions. Regular lifelong follow-up was required for recipients, with the latest follow-up on December 4, 2019. Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages.Results:(1) Surgical situations and postoperative recovery of the living donor and the recipient: operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, volume of intraoperative infusion of autologous blood of the living donor were 315 minutes, 200 mL, 200 mL, respectively. The living donor was discharged from hospital on the sixth day after surgery without any complications. The recipient underwent modified piggyback liver transplantation successfully. Graft one was from the right segment free of the middle hepatic vein in the living donor, with a weight of 410 g. Graft two was from the left lateral segment in the donor after brain death, with a weight of 400 g. The graft from donors to recipient weight ratio was 1.2% after splicing. The operation time, duration of anhepatic phase, volume of intraoperative blood loss, volume of intraoperative blood transfusion were 815 minutes, 60 minutes, 1 500 mL, 1 800 mL, respectively. The recipient′s temperature was normal during hospitalization. On the first postoperative day, the level of white blood cell and neutrophilic granulocyte percentage of the recipient reached a peak (17.15×10 9/L and 91.7%, respectively) and then gradually decreased. After anti-infective treatment with piperacillin sodium and sulbactam sodium, both of the two indicators returned to normal on the seventh day after surgery (7.90×10 9/L and 70.9%, respectively), and the antibiotic was discontinued. During the hospitalization, the level of albumin of the recipient fluctuated in 31.0-41.4 g/L, the liver function parameters including total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, prothrombin time and international normalized ratio gradually returned to normal levels, and the renal function parameters including creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate remained within the normal range. On the tenth day after surgery, the recipient was in good condition and discharged from the hospital. (2) Postoperative pathological examination of the recipient′s liver: ① results of the pathological examination showed moderately differentiated HCC with incomplete tumour capsule and no invasion of the liver capsule. The surrounding liver tissues showed hepatitis B-related nodular cirrhosis, and no tumor involvement was detected at the broken end of the hilum. ② The gallbladder presented chronic cholecystitis accompanied by cholesterol deposition, and one abdominal lymph node showed reactive hyperplasia. The immunohistochemical staining showed 10% positive HBsAg and negative HBcAg. (3) Follow-up: the tumor markers of the recipient were tested on November 19, 2019, including α-fetoprotein (2.92 μg/L) and abnormal prothrombin (16 AU/L). Together with the negative result of abdominal colour doppler ultrasound, they collectively indicated no HCC recurrence in the recipient. The liver function parameters including total bilirubin (8.6 μmol/L), alanine aminotransferase (23 IU/L), aspartate aminotransferase (28 IU/L) and albumin (44.0 g/L) of the recipient tested on December 3, 2019, were all in normal levels. Blood concentration of tacrolimus was 4.2 μg/L . The drug dose of mycophenolate mofetil dispersible tablets was adjusted to 250 mg given twice daily, and the drug dose of others was unchanged (tacrolimus 2 mg, once daily; sirolimus 1mg, once daily). No symptoms, signs or examination results indicated biliary vascular complications, rejection or adverse drug reactions. Conclusion:Dual-graft living donor liver transplantation of right segment from an adult living donor combined with a left lateral segment from donation after brain death is safe and effective, which can be used as a suboptimal treatment for patients with HCC beyond Milan criteria.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of channel screw guided by O-arm navigation for the treatment of type II fragile fracture of pelvis (FFP) in the elderly.Methods:A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on clinical data of 37 patients with type II FFP admitted to Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center from September 2019 to April 2021. There were 9 males and 28 females, aged 65-82 years [(71.8±10.1)years]. A total of 15 patients receipt channel screw fixation under O-arm navigation (surgical group) and 22 patients were treated conservatively (non-surgical group). The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Majeed functional score were compared between the two groups at emergency visit and at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months after treatment. The accuracy of screw insertion and complications were also recorded during treatment and follow-up.Results:All patients were followed up for 6-18 months [(13.2±5.1)months]. There were no significant differences in the VAS and Majeed functional score between the two groups at emergency visit (all P>0.05). In both groups, lower VAS and higher Majeed functional score were found at 6 month after treatment as compared with those at emergency visit (all P<0.01). The VAS in surgical group was 2(1, 4)points at 1 week after treatment, lower than 4(3, 5)points in non-surgical group ( P<0.01). The VAS in surgical group was 1(1, 2)points at 1 month after treatment, lower than 3(2, 5)points in non-surgical group ( P<0.05). The Majeed functional score in surgical group was (50.2±4.2)points at 1 week after treatment, higher than (40.2±5.6)points in non-surgical group ( P<0.01). The Majeed functional score in surgical group was (73.8±5.2)points at 1 month after treatment, higher than (62.4±5.0)points in non-surgical group ( P<0.01). The two groups had no significant differences in VAS and Majeed functional score at 3 months and 6 months after treatment (all P>0.05). The accuracy of screw insertion in surgical group was 93% (14/15). In surgical group, the complication rate was 13%(2/15), including urinary tract infection in 1 patient and intraoperative screw penetration in 1, with no screw loosening or nerve and vascular injuries. In non-surgical group, the complication rate was 50%(11/22), including urinary tract infection in 5 patients, penetrating pneumonia in 5 and deep vein thrombosis in 1. The complication rate was significantly different between the two groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with non-surgical treatment, the channel screw insertion guided by O-arm navigation can achieve precise screw placement, relieve pain early, promote functional recovery, realize accurate insertion of the screw and reduce the complication rate for type II FFP in the elderly.

Objective:To investigate the association between occupational hazard exposures and small airway function among middle-aged and elderly people.Methods:From July to December in 2015, a multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select 3 600 residents aged 40 years old and above from 6 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease surveillance points in Jiangsu province. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect relevant information. Multivariable linear regression model was performed to determine the relationship between occupational hazard exposures and small airway function.Results:A total of 3 347 participants were included in the final analysis, and 44.6% of participants had been exposed to occupational hazard exposures. Compared with participants without the exposure history of occupational hazards, the significantly lower post-bronchodilator FEF 50%, FEF 75% and MMEF levels were observed in those with the exposure history of occupational hazards (β=-82.74, -55.43 and -91.57, respectively). Post-bronchodilator FEF 75% and MMEF (β=-51.78 and -79.47, respectively) in the participants with the exposure history of occupational dust and post-bronchodilator FEF 50%, FEF 75% and MMEF (β=-96.84, -32.87 and -75.72, respectively) in the participants with the exposure history of occupational harmful gas all showed a lower level. Post-bronchodilator FEF 75% was negatively associated with occupational hazard exposures in males (β male=-91.65 vs. β female=-27.21, P for interaction=0.022). Conclusions:The small airway function is worse in the middle-aged and elderly population with the exposure history of occupational hazards, and it is more significant in the male population.