Objective:To observe the changes of lung index,lung function,regulatory T cells and Foxp3,TGF-β1,Smad3,Smad7 protein expression in adjuvant arthritis(AA) rats,and to investigate the possible mechanism of Foxp3 and TGF-β/Smads signal transduction pathway in reducing lung function.Methods: 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group and model group,12 rats in each group.The rats were injected with 0.1 ml Freunds'complete adjuvant to induce inflammation at the part of their rightback foot in model group.On the 48~(th) day post-inflammatory,the swelling degree of toe and arthritis index(AI) were observed.Lung index of the rats was calculated,and pulmonary function of the rats was detected.The percentage of regulatory T cells was determined,and pathological changes of the lungs was observed by HE staining.Foxp3,TGF-β1,Smad3,Smad7 protein expression in the lungs of the two groups of rats was examined by immunohistochemistry.Results:①Compared with those of the normal,the swelling degree of toes,AI,and the lung index were increased.The average peak expiratory flow in 1 second (FEV1/FVC),alveolitis points,TGF-β1 and Smad3 protein expression was significantly higher in the AA model group rats(P＜0.01).Forced vital capacity (FVC),25% of vital capacity of the peak expiratory flow (FEF25),50% of vital capacity of the peak expiratory flow (FEF50),75% of vital capacity of the peak expiratory flow (FEF75),maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMF),forced maximal expiratory flow (PEF),pulmonary dynamic compliance (Cldyn),the percentage of CD4~+ T cell,CD25~+ T cell,CD4~+ CD25+~ T cell,Foxp3 and Smad7 protein expression was obviously lower in the AA model group rats(P＜0.01).②FEF50,Cldyn and MMF were negative correlated with the swelling degree of toes,pulmonary coefficient and TGF-β1.FEF50,FEF75,MMF and FEV1/FVC were positiyely correlated with the arthritis index,pulmonary coefficient and Foxp3(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion:The decline in lung function in AA rats.Tip-induced may be sustained after the inflammation,and the development of cause inflammation,to chronic inflammatory response leading to lung injury.Simultaneously,the decline in lung function and Foxp3.Smad3,Smad7,TGF-β1 protein expression was associated.Description transcription factor Foxp3 and TGF-β1/Smads signal transducation pathway may participate in the mechanism.

In this paper, we described basic connotations of comparative effectiveness research (CER), expounded the application of CER in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, on the basis of research practice of Chinese medical treatment for COPD in recent years, we put forward the thought of the junction point of Chinese medicine in CER on COPD from the perspective in screening effective Chinese herbs, establishing treatment program/methods/technologies, and outcomes evaluation.
Comparative Effectiveness Research ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; therapy

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 ; metabolism ; Aged ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; Nose Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; virology ; Plasmacytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; virology

Objective To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor(VEGF) and its upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)activation in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)as well as its role in the pathogeneses of RA.Mathods Expression of VEGF and receptor KDR in mononuclear cell(MNC)of synovial fluid of RA patients and controls were determined by Western blot;VEGF levels of supernantants from MNC was determined by ELISA;supernantants from KDR~+ MNC of synovial fluid of RA patients collected after incubation in serum-free medium with or without VEGF, their activity of MMP-2 was measured by gelatinolytic zymography;Boyden chamber-matrigel in vitro invasion assay was used to detect the invasive capacity in vitro in KDR~+ MNC of synovial fluid of RA patients incubat- ed with or without VEGF.Results The expressions of VEGF/KDR in MNC of synovial fluid of RA patients were significantly higher than those of controls;the MMP-2 activity and invasive ability of co-cuhured KDR~+ MNC with VEGF was higher than those of without VEGF.Conclusion VEGF upregulates MMP-2 activation and promotes invasion of MNC of synovial fluid of RA patients by interacting with receptor KDR,indicating that VEGF plays an important role in RA pathology.

Objective To investigate the significance of serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) in the severity and prognosis assessments of diffuse axonal injury (DAI).Methods The levels of serum NSE were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) at 12 hours and 1st,2nd,3rd,7th and 14th days after injury in 79patients with DAI.The relationship of serum NSE level with the severity and the prognosis of DAI were analyzed in the patients with DAI.Another 15 patients with only limb fracture and without hemorrhagic shock treated in the hospital during the same period served as the control group.Results The serum NSE levels of the mild injury group were (10.47 ± 2.75) ng/L,(13.41 ± 3.45) ng/L,(16.41 ±4.14) ng/L,(15.57 ±4.28) ng/L,(7.95 ±2.79) ng/L,and (6.39 ± 1.55)ng/L at 12 hours and 1st,2nd,3rd,7th and 14th days after injury.The serum NSE levels of the moderate injury group were (14.98 ± 3.78) ng/L,(19.88 ± 4.78)ng/L,(22.41 ±5.50) ng/L,(20.11 ±6.60) ng/L,(14.59 ±6.64) ng/L,and (8.31 ±3.83) ng/L respectively at 12 hours and 1st,2nd,3rd,7th and 14th days after injury.While the serum NSE levels of the severe injury group were (27.22 ± 4.54) ng/L,(36.43 ± 10.38) ng/L,(41.32 ± 12.44) ng/L,(43.98 ±9.51) ng/L,(42.22 ± 13.05) ng/L,and (37.59 ± 12.96) ng/L at 12 hours and 1st,2nd,3rd,7th and 14th days after injury respectively.The NSE levels in each time point were significantly higher in the severe injury group than in the mild and moderate injury groups (F within =28.11,P ＜ 0.001 ; F between =57.34,P ＜0.001 ;F interaction =8.21,P ＜ 0.001 ;P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control group ((6.26 ± 1.35) ng/L),the serum NSE levels of the DAI group were significantly different at 12 hours after injury ((18.16 ± 3.76)ng/L,t =2.938,P ＜ 0.01).At three months after injury,patients were divided into the decreased group (n =9),poor prognoses group (in vegetative state or severely disabled,n =29) and good prognoses group (moderately disabled or completely recovered,n =41) according to the GOS score.The serum NSE levels of the decreased group were (32.07 ± 5.73) ng/L,(43.12 ± 15.04) ng/L,(48.26 ± 14.89) ng/L,(50.47 ±11.05) ng/L,(52.90 ±3.82) ng/L,and (56.17 ± 14.62) ng/L respectively at 12 hours and 1st,2nd,3rd,7th and 14th days after injury.The serum NSE levels of the poor prognoses group were (21.90 ± 4.95) ng/L,(24.13 ± 9.94) ng/L,(26.43 ± 6.99) ng/L,(21.62 ± 9.77) ng/L,(15.80 ± 7.15) ng/L,and (10.16 ± 2.33) ng/L respectively at 12 hours and 1st,2nd,3rd,7th and 14th days after injury.The serum NSE levels of the good prognoses group were (13.61 ±4.56) ng/L,(13.75 ±5.10) ng/L,(14.77 ±5.41) ng/L,(13.47 ±4.49) ng/L,(8.92 ± 5.61) ng/L,and (6.60 ± 2.30) ng/L at 12 hours and 1 st,2nd,3rd,7th and 14th days after injury respectively.At each time point,the serum NSE levels were significantly different in the decreased group than in the good prognoses and the poor prognoses groups (F within =18.70,P ＜ 0.001 ; F between =62.97,P ＜0.001 ;F interaction =11.83,P ＜0.001).Conclusion The serum NSE levels can be regard as an index for judging the injury severity and prognosis of DAI,and can be used to guide the option and adjustment of therapeutic approaches for patients with DAI.

Previous studies showed that three methods for regulating and invigorating lung and kidney (lung invigorating and spleen strengthening, lung invigorating and kidney tonifying, and Qi supplementing and kidney nourishing) could regulate inflammatory signaling pathways of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats, so as to alleviate inflammation. In the present study, R-value comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the comprehensive effect of three methods for regulating and invigorating lung and kidney on inflammatory signaling pathways. Rats were randomly divided into control, model, lung invigorating and spleen strengthening, lung invigorating and kidney tonifying, Qi supplementing and kidney nourishing and aminophylline groups. The COPD rat models were established by cigarette smoking combined with bacterial infection, and orally administered with drugs between the 9th and 20th week. Afterwards, efforts were made to observe the long-term effects between the drug withdrawal and the 32rd week and detect indicators in two batches in the 20th week and 32th week. Specifically, (1) Linking JAK/STAT signaling pathway: JAK2 mRNA, and protein expressions of STAT-1, STAT-3, STAT-5, JAK-2; (2) NF-kappaB signaling pathway: Smad2 mRNA and protein expressions of I-kappaB, NF-kappaB, TGF-beta1; (3) PPARgamma and antioxidant signaling pathway: SOD, PGE mRNA, PPARgamma protein. According to the results, 5 indicators in JAK/STAT pathway, 4 indicators in NF-kappaB pathway, and 3 indicators in PPARgamma pathway were significantly rectified by three methods for regulating and invigorating lung and kidney in between the 20th week and 32nd week. Between the 20th and 32nd week, the recipes for rectifying JAK/STAT pathway with intensity from high to low were recipes for lung invigorating and spleen strengthening, Qi supplementing and kidney nourishing, lung invigorating and kidney tonifying, aminophylline, particularly those for lung invigorating and spleen strengthening; The recipes for rectifying NF-kappaB pathway with intensity from high to low were recipes for lung invigorating and spleen strengthening, lung invigorating and kidney tonifying, Qi supplementing and kidney nourishing and aminophylline, particularly the first three types of drugs. The recipes for rectifying PPARgamma and antioxidant signaling pathway with intensity from high to low were recipes for lung invigorating and kidney tonifying, Qi supplementing and kidney nourishing, lung invigorating and spleen strengthening and aminophylline. Therefore, three methods for regulating and invigorating lung and kidney showed better long-term effects in regulating COPD lung inflammation signaling pathways. Specifically, recipe for lung invigorating and spleen strengthening showed a better effect in JAK/STAT and NF-kappaB pathways, while recipe for lung invigorating and kidney tonifying and Qi supplementing and kidney nourishing showed better effects in PPARgamma and antioxidant signaling pathways. In conclusion, R-value comprehensive evaluation method can evaluate the comprehensive effect of medicines and define the ranking of multiple drugs and their main targets.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Lung ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; NF-kappa B ; immunology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Smad2 Protein ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Adult ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; CD3 Complex ; metabolism ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

Genuine medicinal materials with special characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is recognized as high quality medicine. Both ancient records and modern research considered that the origin is an important reason for the formation of genuine medicinal materials. However, blindly transplanting of genuine medicinal materials has led to the quality decline and counterfeit medicines appeared in production or sale progress, which may increase the risk of accidents in TCM. Frequent accidents emerged in Chinese herbal affects its export. What's more, it is a great threat to the medication safety in TCM clinical. There is an urgent need to implement traceability systems of TCM, which could provide convenient information record and traceability of TCM circulation. This paper reviews a variety of technical methods for genuine medicinal materials traceability, and proposed the establishment of genuine medicinal materials traceability system based on two-dimensional code and network database.
Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Adult ; Coloring Agents ; adverse effects ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lymphadenitis ; chemically induced ; Male ; Melanoma ; secondary ; Tattooing ; adverse effects

The original strain was treated with UV combining LiCl. The total carotenoid yield of the strain UL-61 was 7.62mg/L, the maximal yield of astaxanthin had reached 616.8?g/g under 25℃. 8 variables including fermentation temperature, initial pH were optimized by Plackett-Burman design and Response Surface Analysis of SAS software. The temperature, initial pH and corn steep liquor were the major factors. The optimal conditions were predictted to be 16.78℃, pH4.73 and 7.06 mg/L, respectively. Under these conditions, the theroretical maximal yield of carotenoid was 3.9407 mg/L and the practical maximal yield was about 3.9261mg/L. The carotenoid production was increased by 20.4% when Phaffia rhodozyma was cultivated under the optimal conditions as compared with the control.