All previous literatures about Chinese herbal medicines show distinctive traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) flavors. Compendium of Materia Medica is an influential book in TCM history. The TCM flavor theory and flavor standardization principle in this book has important significance for modern TCM flavor standardization. Compendium of Materia Medica pays attention to the flavor theory, explain the relations between the flavor of medicine and its therapeutic effects by means of Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties. However,the book has not reflected and further developed the systemic theory, which originated in the Jin and Yuan dynasty. In Compendium of Materia Medica , flavor are standardized just by tasting medicines, instead of deducing flavors. Therefore, medicine tasting should be adopted as the major method to standardize the flavor of medicine.
Materia Medica ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Reference Standards ; Taste

OBJECTIVETo investigate the long-term clinical effects of modified double Endobutton technique for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocations of Tossy type III.

METHODSA retrospective study was done in 42 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocations of Tossy type III treated with modified double Endobutton technique from December 2008 to December 2010. There were 24 males and 18 females, ranging in age from 21 to 56 years old (averaged, 32.5 years old). All the patients were treated with open reduction, coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using double Endobutton technique, and repair of acromioclavicular ligament. The Karlsson system was used to evaluate therapeutic effects. The distance from coracoid to clavicle was measured to evaluate reduction loss.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 2.0 to 3.2 years (averaged,2.4 years). According to Karlsson system, 32 patients got an A degree and 10 patients got a B degree at three months post-operatively; 26 patients got an A degree and 16 patients got a B degree at the latest follow-up; 6 patients got an A degree at 3 months after operation lowered to B degree at the latest follow-up. The coracoid-clavicle distance increased from (26.91 +/- 0.91) mm at 3 months after operation to (27.41 +/- 1.10) mm at the latest follow-up. Te patients treated with over-reduction during operation or with heavy physical labour work after operation had obvious widened coracoid-clavicle distance. Bone absorption was found around the plate in most cases, mainly in the clavicular side.

CONCLUSIONTreatment for acromioclavicular joint dislocations of Tossy type III with modified double Endobutton technique has satisfactory early clinical results. But with time passing, loss of reduction and bone absorption around the plate could be observed, and clinical outcomes of some cases downgrade during the long-term follow-up.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Background Clinical researches showed that antimicrobial-resistance of bacterium is gradually serious.It is very important to master pathogen distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility after eye surgery.Objective This study was to investigate the distribution and drug sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria from ocular operative infection in 3-year duration to provide a reference for reasonable selection of antibiotics.Methods Sixtyfive positive specimens were obtained from 65 patients due to postoperative infection in Department of Ophthalmology of Shenzhou Hospital and Shengjing Hospital from 2009 January through 2011 December.The pathogenic bacteria were isolated and then the drug sensitivity test of conventional antibiotics was performed.Results Among the 65 ophthalmic specimens,35 strains of Gram-positive bacteria were isolated with the constituent ratio 53.8％,and 15 strains of Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 23.1％.Fungus was found in 15 cases with the constituent ratio 23.1％.Staphylococcus epidermidis accounted for 42.9％ in Gram-positive bacteria,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 33.3％ in Gram-negative bacteria.Aspergillus was the main component of fungus,which accounted for 60.0％ of the proportion 3 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 8 strains of Staphylococcus aureus,but no vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus (VRS) were seen.The in vitro drug sensitivity test showed that the main Gram-positive bacteria,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus,were sensitive to linezolid,vancomycin,levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin with the sensitive rates ＞50.0％,and these bacteria were lowly sensitive to penicillin and erythromycin with the sensitive rates ≤30.0％.Pseudomonas aeruginosa appeared to be the main Gram-negative bacteria,showing a sensitive rate ≥ 80.0％ to tobramycin,amikacin,ceftazidime,cefepime,cefoperazone/sulbactam,piperacillin/tazobactam,imipenem and meropenem.Conclusions Staphylococcus epidermidis,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus are primary pathogens in ocular infection after operation.Antibiotics such as penicillin,erythromycin,levofloxacin,cefotaxime seem to be relatively high resistant to eye infection.To choose sensitive antibiotics timely and reasonably is a key to the prevention and control of ocular infection after operation.

Dengue virus (DENV) is a re-emerging disease transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes and has become a major public health problem in southern China. Currently, no antiviral drug or effective vaccine exist to control this disease. The chimeric DENV structural protein vaccine cannot elicit balanced levels of protective immunity to each of the four viral serotypes; therefore, non-structural protein components may be required to construct an effective DENV vaccine. The Dengue virus non-structural 1 (DENV NS1) protein plays a critical role in viral pathogenesis and protective immunity. Therefore, immunity to Dengue 1-4 NS1 subtypes may be crucial for the prevention of severe disease. This review attempts to provide an overview about the structure and function of DENV NS1.
Animals ; Dengue ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Dengue Vaccines ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Dengue Virus ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To determine clinical characteristics and the effects of drug-eluting stents on the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events during percuteneous coronary artery interventional(PCI)and long- term outcomes in patients with chronic renal insufficiency(CRI).Methods Nine hundreds and seventy three patients with angiographically-documented coronary artery disease(lumen inner diameter narrowing＞50%), included 516 patients complicated with experienced renal impairment(CRI group)and 457 with normal renal function(control group).Baseline clinical data and coronary angiographic features were recorded.Results Comparing with control group,patients in CRI group were older with higher incidence of hypertension or diabetes and simultaneously complicated by reduced left ventricular ejection fraction,and more complex coronary lesions(type C).During follow-up(mean 17 months),the mortality was significantly higher in CRI than in control group(6.2% vs 3.3%,P＜0.05),but the former with CRI was significantly lower by using drug-eluting stents in comparing with bare-metal stents(4.1% vs 8.5%,P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with CRI often complicated with severe coronary artery disease,the mortality after PCI would be significantly reduced by using drug-eluting stents.

Objective Through the investigating the molecular expressions of integrin?_5?_1,Fn and CD_(44v6) in ovarian epithelial neoplasms,this study is trying to explore the relationship between the lymphatic spread of the tumor with these molecules.Methods The expression of 80 cases of integrin?_5?_1,Fn and CD_(44v6) was examined through ElivisionTM immunohistochemistry method in ovarian epithelial neoplasm.The system of image analysis was used to measure the expression of various molecules quantitatively.Results Qualitative and semi-quantitative results:The expression levels of integrin?_5?_1 and Fn in the ovarian epithe- lial neoplasms had downward tendency in the order of benign,boundary and malignant neoplasms and there was a significant difference in the expression levels of integrin?_5?_1 and Fn(P

OBJECTIVETo explore the treatment of chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis with bone defect after debridement and evaluate its clinical outcomes.

METHODSFrom June 2009 to June 2011, 52 patients with chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis were treated with stage-one compound grafting of antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate and autogenous cancellous bone,including 12 females and 40 males with an average age of 43 years old ranging from 18 to 67. According to Cierny-Mader classification, there were 34 cases with stage III and 18 with stage IV. There were 32 cases on right side and 20 on left,with a course of 6 months to 3 years. The area of soft tissue wound ranged from 3.0 cm x l.5 cm to 23.0 cm x l2.0 cm. The clinical effects were evaluated according to infection controlling, calcium sulfate absorption,bone defect repair and heel functional recovery.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 2 to 3.8 years (averaged 2.8 years). Primary healing was achieved in 52 patients. Two cases of recurrence were found post-operatively, 1 case in 3 months and another in 5 months,which were cured after a second operation. Bone repair healing was gained in 1.5 to 3.5 months (averaged 2.5 months). Complete radiological absorption of calcium sulfate was found in 1.2 to 3 months(averaged 2.2 months). Local exudation after removal of drainage tube had been persisting in 10 patients for 2 to 3 months, which was consistent with the time when cacium sulfate were totally absorbed. Flap had partial necrosis in 4 cases,and the wounds were closed after appropriate treatment finally. The mean Maryland score was 88.15±7.70. There were excellent results in 32 cases, good in 14, fair in 6.

CONCLUSIONA satisfactory short-term clinical results can be gained by one-stage compound grafting of antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate and autogenous cancellous bone in chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis, but the long-term results need further follow-up. And much more study is also demanded to reduce the exudation of calcium sulfate.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Bone Transplantation ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; surgery ; Calcium Sulfate ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Wound Healing ; Young Adult

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.013

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of 320-row volume CT myocardial perfusion imaging (CT-MPI) in detecting myocardial perfusion defect.MethodsFourteen patients with positive single-positron emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI)findings underwent both rest and adenosine stress 320-row volume CT-MPI.Rest and stress CT perfusion images were analyzed by employing dedicated software in 320-row CT workstation.Both SPECT-MPI and CT-MPI were evaluated for fixed and reversible perfusion defects using a 16-segment model (apex was excluded).The sensitivity,specificity of 320-row volume CT-MPI in detecting myocardial perfusion defect were evaluated by taking SPECT-MPI as a reference standard.ResultsBoth rest and stress 320-row volume CT-MPI were successfully performed in all patients.Thirty nine segments with fixed or reversible perfusion defects in all patients were depicted by SPECT-MPI,while 34 perfusion defects in 12 patients were identified by CT-MPI.The sensitivity,specificity of 320-row volume CT-MPI for detection of perfusion defects were 87.2％(34/39),91.4％ ( 169/185 ),respectively.Conclusion320-row volume CT-MPI has high sensitivity and specificity for detection of myocardial perfusion defects.

Objective To investigate the standardized treatment of 33 children with thalassemia and their family financial burden registered in Bao'an district, Shenzhen city, and to provide basic information for formulating health policy for the government. Methods In 2009, preliminary investigations on 39 registered families with thalassemia children were conducted by telephone, and a household survey was made to collect treatment and economic status by questionnaire on 33 children. Results Among 33 cases of thalassemia children, 21 cases(63.7%) were severe anemia, 5 cases( 15.1%) in need of care or special care, and 25 cases(75.8%) were difficult or unable to maintain standardized treatment. The average family monthly income and expenditure was (4060 ± 2002) and (4926 ± 2991) yuan, respectively. The average monthly treatment costs were (2665 ± 1872) yuan, and the average debt amounted to (64 600 ± 53 940) yuan. Fifteen families[60.0%(15/25)] would reduce the times of blood transfusions or iron transpirations when they encountered revenue deficiency. Conclusions The heavy economic burdens on families with children thalassemia result in inadequate or interrupted treatment on sick children and affect their survival and quality of life, which should be taken more attention and social care.