This article is based on the searching from the United States Library of Congress Web Search science 2005 for the literature on the birth femoral fractures,reviewing its incidence,pathogenesis and treatment of such fractures of the latest developments,for the purpose of the provision of orthopedic and obstetric physician reference.Literature showed that neonatal birth femoral fractures might occur whether deli-veries were through the birth canal or by cesarean section.Whenever faced with fetal asphyxia,intracranial hemorrhage,such as critical state,it is critical to save the life of fetal babies,regardless of treatment.The prognosis of neonatal femoral shaft fractures is normally good without deformity left.

More than ten bacteriophage of E.coli were isolated from the soil and the dung of the fowl-run, then three of named bacteriophage A, C, D which lysis E.coli virulently were selected to investigate biological characterizations. The results showed that high activities were obtained after the phages incubated at 50℃ for 1 h or 60℃ for 30 min. The phages could be alive at the range of pH from 4 to 12, Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ added to the medium could stimulate the lysis of phages. However, the formation of the plaque could be inhibited obviously by adding sodium citrate to the medium.

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare and develop the method for identification of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS),and evaluate the feasibility,accuracy and repeatability of MALDI-TOF MS to discriminate NTM.Methods Fifteen clinical strains were collected from January to March in 2012 and 68 environmental strains were retrospectively collected from 2011 to 2012.A protocol for sample pre-treatment and protein extraction was developed and utilized it to identify clinical and environmental isolates.The results from 16 s rRNA sequencing were served as control.Results Method A was more effective in protein extraction.Although all the three methods got the same species result,a total of 83 strains belonging to 10 distinct species grown in Middle brook 7H10 media were analyzed.All members of the NTM were identified accurately at the genus level and 80.7％ (67/83) of strains could be identified at the species level.Six strains were identified at the complex level.81.9％ (68/83) of NTM got high spectral scores.The identification of cultured colony could be completed in 1.5 hours.And it had good reproducibility.Conclusion MALDI-TOF MS can be used as a rapid and accurate method for identification of Mycobacteria in clinical microbiology laboratories,implying its good application prospects.

AlM:To study the refractive status characteristics aftser cataract surgery and the correlation between preoperative anterior chamber depth ( ACD) and refractive status.METHODS: Ninety-six cases of patients with cataract were randomly divided into two groups. The patients in phacoemulsification group were treated with phacoemulsification combined intraocular lens ( lOL ) implantation while the patients in small incision group were treated by small incision extracapsular cataract extraction combined with lOL implantation. Changes in ACD and postoperative refractive status and refractive fully corrected value were counted and the correlation of them were analyzed .RESULTS: ACD of the phacoemulsification group s deepened 0. 74mm while that of the small incision group deepened 0. 78mm after treatment and there was no significant difference (P>0. 05). After operation, the ACD of two groups significantly deepened ( P<0. 05 ). The postoperative visual acuity of two groups were significantly better than the uncorrected visual acuity of two groups (P<0. 05). The postoperative refraction of two groups patients were mainly 0 ~ +1. 0D ( 41. 67% and 54. 16%) and+1. 25~+2. 0D (43. 75% and 33. 33%) (P>0. 05). CONCLUSlON: ACD is significant deepened after operation. Surgeon needs full consideration of changes to improve the refractive lOL calculation accuracy.

AlM:To find better ways of treating ocular alkali burn, and to reduce the suffering of patients and social burden.METHODS:Totally 100 patients were graded according to the degree of chemical burns to four major groups, each half were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group. Control group underwent conventional treatment. ln addition to conventional therapy, patients in each treatment group were also added a Breviscapine intravenous injection of 40mg daily. Corneal recovery time, changes in vision, degree of corneal opacity, number of corneal neovascularization and other complications were observed. Curative effects were analyzed statistically.
RESULTS:There was no significant difference in levelⅠgroup between control group and treatment group ( P>0. 05); There were significantly different in level Ⅱ, Ⅲand Ⅳ group ( P<0. 05 ). Compared to the degree of corneal opacity and the number of corneal neovascularization, the treatment group was obviously better than the control group(P<0. 05).
CONCLUSlON: Breviscapine in the treatment of ocular alkali burns can shorten the course of treatment, reduce corneal scarring, and improve vision.

Melatonin has been reported to inhibit hepatic fibrosis and the mechanism may be correlated to its anti-oxidant effect.Nevertheless,the mechanism is not completely identified.This study was conducted to investigate the effects of melatonin on TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in liver fibrosis in rats.The liver fibrosis model was made by the subcutaneous injection of CCl4.The liver pathology changes were detected using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Van Gieson (VG) staining.Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were measured with an autoanalyzer.Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) in liver were evaluated by spectrophotometry.Expression levels of TGF-β1,Smad2/3,phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) and Smad7 in liver were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.Results showed that melatonin suppressed CC14-induced liver fibrosis,along with an improvement in histological changes,significant decreases in pathologic grading sores and obvious decreases in Hyp levels in liver.Melatonin improved liver function indicated by decreased serum ALT and AST activities.In addition,melatonin exerted its anti-oxidant effects,as supported by decreased MDA levels and increased GPx activities in liver.Furthermore,melatonin inhibited TGF-β1/Smad pathway,as evidenced by decreased TGF-β1,Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 expression and increased Smad7 expression in liver.In conclusion,melatonin may suppress CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats via inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad pathway.It is possible for melatonin to be a potential reagent to treat and cure liver fibrosis.

Adult ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics

Objective To explore the detection methods for cognitive dysfunction of the major depression in Elderly and analyze their clinical significance.Methods Using matched-pairs study,42 patients with seniie de- pressive disorders(experimental group)and 42 normal aged people(control group)were examined with auditory e- voked potential P300(event related potential,ERP-P300)and SECF,respectively.Results It was found that the scores with registration,span,recall,classification and total score of the subjects in the experimental group were sig- nificantly lower than those in the control group(P

Objective To study the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)on production of pulmonary surfactants.Method Fetal rat lungs were obtained at 19-day gestation.Primary culture of typeⅡalveolar epithelial cells(AECⅡ)was performed using IgG panning technique.The rats was divided into groups: VEGF,Dexamethasone,VEGF plus Dexamethasone and a control.Total phospholipids,phosphatidylcholine (PC),phosphatidyl glycerol(PG)and sphingornyelin(SM)were determined.Results expressed as mean?SEM. Comparison between groups were made with LSD-t test and one -way ANOVA.Result VEGF,Dexamethasone and VEGF plus Dexamethasone groups showed increased amount of total phospholipids and its compositions on the first day of culture.Conclusions VEGF-165 promotes the production and secretion of pulmonary surfactant. VEGF and Dexamethason may go through different mechanism for enhancement of synthesis of pulmonary surfactant,thereby improve biological function of AECⅡ.

Background Erythropoietin (EPO) has a protective effect on retinal neurons in many retinal diseases,but regarding the effect of EPO on apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells in retinal detachment (RD) is uncompletely clear.Objective This study was to investigate the protective effect of endogenous EPO on photoreceptors in a rat model of RD and explore its possible mechanism.Methods Seventy-two Sprague- Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to control group,RD group,RD+PBS group,RD+erythropoietin soluble receptor (EPOsR) 2, 20, 200ng groups with 12 rats for each group.1.4% hyaluronic acid was slowly injected into the subretinal space to induce RD in rats,and PBS or 2,20 or 200ng EPOsR was then injected into the vitreous space.On day 3 after RD,apoptotic photoreceptors were detected using transferase-mediated dUTP nickend labeling (TUNEL),and caspase-3 activity was assessed by Western-blot and immunofluorescence staining.On day 14 after RD,retinal histopathologic examination was carried out and outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness was measured under the light microscope.The use of animals complied with the Statement of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Results Apoptotic photoreceptors were seen in ONL of rats of the RD group.Apoptotic photoreceptors were gradually increased with the elevation of EPOsR dose in the vitreous cavity.Western blot and immunofluorescence consistently showed that the gray scale of caspase-3 activity was 0.15±0.04,0.49±0.03,0.50±0.07,0.63±0.03,0.69±0.04 and 0.83±0.04 in the normal group,RD group,RD +PBS group,RD+EPOsR 2,20,200ng groups respectively with statistically significant differences (F=76.016;P=0.000),and caspase-3 activity was considerably stronger in the RD+EPOsR 200ng group than the other groups (P＜0.01).On day 14 after RD,the ONL thicknesses in the normal control group,RD group,RD+PBS group,RD+EPOsR 2,20,200ng groups were (47.39±3.39)μm,(33.96±3.54)μm,(31.83±5.21)μm,(31.40±2.63)μm,(24.99±2.06)μm and (19.30±3.71)μm,showing significant differences among these groups (F=44.733,P=0.000).ONL thicknesses the groups treated with different doses of EPOsR were markedly thinner than that of the RD group and RD +PBS group (P＜0.01).Conclusion EPOsR induces apoptosis of retinal cells and enhances the activity of caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner.Endogenous EPO can protect photoreceptors against anoxia-mediated damage in RD eyes through decreasing caspase-3 activity and inhibiting apoptosis.