Objective: To investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the pathogenesis and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Methods: A case-control study was performed to compare 852 colorectal cancer patients with 940 controls (patients without cancer) recruited from 2001 to 2006, with respect to their sex, cancer subsite, the course of T2DM, hepatic metastasis, smoking and drinking. Correlated risk factors were analyzed. Results: The risk of colorectal cancer was increased in patients with T2DM and the relative risk (OR) was 2.466. The OR of male patients was higher than that of female patients, but with no significant difference (2.775 vs 2.070, P=0.394). The incidence of T2DM in patients with left hemicolon cancer was higher than that in those with right hemicolon cancer and rectal cancer, but with no significant difference between them. The colorectal cancer risk in T2DM patients with a DM course of 10 ～ 20 years was the highest, and the OR was 4.696. The rate of hepatic metastasis was higher in T2DM patients with colorectal cancer than that in celorectal cancer patients without T2DM and the OR was 2.888. Conclusion: T2DM may be one of the important pathogenic risk factors for colorectal cancer. The OR is increased with the extension of DM course within 20 years. Colorectal cancer patients with T2DM may be more prone to hepatic metastasis.

[Summary] Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major chronic microvascular complications of diabetes ,which is the leading cause of end‐stage renal disease ,as well as the main cause of death in diabetic patients. Glomerular endothelial cell is an important component of the glomerular filtration barrier ,which is directly related to the materials of circulation ,and it can be easily damaged by glucose ,lipid and inflammatory factors. Under the hyperglycemia ,the PKC pathway ,the polyol pathway and oxidative stress were activated ,producing an excess of advanced glycation end products and reactive oxygen species ,which damage the endothelial nitric oxide synthase ,reduce the generation of nitric oxide ,while produce a large number of Ang Ⅱ. Ang Ⅱ damage the endothelial cell. In addition ,there are crosstalk between glomerular endothelial cells and endothelial cells ,which also cause endothelial cell injury. Here ,we reviewed the role of endothelial cell injury in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective: To evaluate the anti-rheumatism effect, and predict the mechanism and Q-marker of YAO medicine compound containing Cissus pteroclada (Sifangteng in Chinese, SFT) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in rats. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, tripterygium glycosides group and SFT high/low dose (28.7, 7.2 g/kg) groups with eight rats in each group. Except the control group, the RA models in rats induced by Collange II collagen were established. The SFT group and the tripterygium glycosides group were given corresponding drugs by intragastric administration during the modeling period, while the other two groups were given the same volume of saline once daily for 28 d. The degree of foot swelling was measured and scored during the experiment. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum were measured by ELISA at the end of the experiment. SFT chemical components and predicting targets were searched and screened through TCMSP and Drugbank databases. The target of RA disease was searched by TTD database. The protein interaction network was constructed and visualized by String database and Cytoscape software, cluster analysis was analyzed by MCODE. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was carried out using String database. Finally, combined with the validity and measurability of chemical components, the Q-marker of SFT was predicted. Results: Compared with the model group, the foot swelling of rats in SFT high and low dose groups and positive group was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), and the serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). There were 89 disease targets of RA. The pathogenesis of RA was related to abnormal cytokine-receptor pathway and RA pathway. A total of 31 components in SFT were screened and its 119 target proteins were predicted, 12 of them belong to disease targets were involved in 1 112 biological processes, such as regulation of stimulation response, regulation of cell proliferation, regulation of cell metabolism, regulation of intracellular signal transduction, and regulation of 113 signaling pathways, such as RA pathway and TNF pathway, which ultimately play a role in the treatment of RA. At the same time, 11 components were predicted to be Q-markers of SFT, including apigenin, resveratrol, bergenin, nitidine, osthol, linalool, ammidin, ethoxychelerythrine, coptisine, hesperidin, and sesamin. Conclusion: SFT can significantly reduce acute inflammation in RA rats. SFT may act on PTGS2-based targets through resveratrol and other components, and participate in regulation of RA pathway, TNF pathway and other inflammatory and immune pathways. Apigenin, resveratrol and bergenin, nitidine, osthol, linalool, ammidin, ethoxychelerythrine, coptisine, hesperidin, sesamin can be used as Q-markers for SFT quality control.

The role of flavonoids of Echinps latifolius (FELT) in Wnt signaling was investigated in adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats. The therapeutic effects of FELT on AA rats were detected by rat arthritis score and MTT. The effect of FELT gavage treatment on the Wnt signaling key gene β-catenin, C-myc and cyclin D1 in synovium from AA rats was detected by Real-time qPCR, and the effects of FELT gavage treatment on the upstream negative regulation gene SFRP 1,2,4,5 in synovium from AA rats were detected by Real-time qPCR. The results showed that FELT gavage treatment significantly inhibited arthritis score and MTT values in AA rats, significantly inhibited the expression of the Wnt signaling gene β-catenin, C-myc and cyclin D1, significantly up-regulated the expression of the up- stream negative regulation gene SFRP 1,2,4. FELT has a better therapeutic effect for AA rats.
Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Synovial Membrane ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; drug effects ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the feasibility of treatment mode of end-to-end anastomosis of esophagus(EAS) af ter partial resection for early-stage cervical esophageal carcinoma(ECEA).Methods 7 patients were substantially confirmed as squsmous cell carcinoma of cervical esophagus by endoscopy,the nearest distance of the lesion from the incisors was 17cm,and the furthest was 20 cm,the maximum extent was 2.5 cm,and the minimum was 1 cm.None of them with longitudinal muscularis invasion.Confirmed by PET/CT or chest enhancement CT examination preoperatively,intrathoracic and cervical lymphatic metastasis was excluded,cT1 -2 N0 M0.Incisal margin length was not less than 1 cm,the maximum was 5 cm and the minimum was 3 cm.Meanwhile,the cervical lymph node should be dissected,and the average number was 6.43 per case.After surgery,all the patients were fixed by plaster slab to release the tension of anastomosis.Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy was received.Results None of the patients had severe postoperative complications,and the average hospital stay was 14.5 days.All the patients are alive,the longest follow-up lasts for 3 years and 4 months,all of them can take normal food,without anastomotic stenosis.Conclusion Treatment mode of EAS after partial resection for ECEA significantly decrease the operative damage,apparently improve the patient's quality of life(QOL),so that the patients can better receive adjuvant treatment subsequently; it is a feasible and effective method for cervical esophageal carcinoma at the early stage.

Objective To investigate the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)variation in folate metabolism pathway genes and its interaction with environmental risk factors to the etiology of NTD. Methods In 275 families from central China, a total of 278 aborted fetal tissues or blood samples were collected from NTD individuals, 478 maternal and/or paternal blood samples were also obtained as controls. Folate supplementation, maternal diabetes mellitus and medication before pregnancy and during the first trimester of pregnancy were investigated. SNP analyses of all samples were performed by CEQ 8800. Case-parent control study and transmission/disequilibrium tests (TDT) were performed according to environmental cofactors stratification to evaluated 28 SNP in 12 folate pathway genes associated with human NTD. Results Only gene MTHFR rs1801133 was significantly associated with NTD, and synergistic effects of environmental risk factors (no folate supplementation and maternal diabetes) were shown on the occurrence of NTD. Linkage disequilibrium between BHMT rs3733890 and NTD existed in case of no folate supplementation,whereas the genotype alone did not contribute to the etiology of NTD. Other SNP were not significantly associated with NTD. Conclusions MTHFR rs1801133 is a risk factor of NTD, but BHMT rs3733890 is not an independent risk factor. Further investigations in folate and methionine cycle genes are requird in larger scale to enclose the interactions between gene and gene, or gene and environmental factors.

Objective To investigate the quality control and quality assurance of the SPECT/CT system.Methods The energy peak,energy resolution capacity and the intrinsic uniformity of the device's detector were regularly examined, and the quality control was performed. Results The daily hardware maintain could reduce the rate of system's trouble. The device's energy peak,energy resolution capacity were consistent during half year's observation period. The two detector's intrinsic uniformity were better after calibration than before. [ detector Ⅰ: ( 2.71 ± 0.28 ) vs (2.37±0.11)(t=2.489,P<0. 05);detector Ⅱ:(2.68 ±0.12)vs(2.38 ±0. 19)(t =6.421,P <0.01) ] .Conclusion Regular quality control and maintain could keep the function stabilization,enhance the availability rate of the SPECT/CT system.

Background Cellular autophagy is a non-apoptosis death form of tumor tissue.Research determined that arsenie trioxide (As2O3) leads to apoptosis of tumor cells.But whether As2O3 induce autophagy of SO-Rb50 cells or not is unclear.Objective This study was to assess the effects of As2O3 on autophagy of SO-Rb50 cells.Methods As2O3 with the concentration of 0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 μmol/L was used to treat the SO-Rb50 cell line for 48 hours,and the growth and proliferation of SO-Rb50 cells were detected using MTT assay (A570).pGFP-LC3,a marker of autophagy,was constructed to transfer SO-Rb50 cells,and the cells were then divided into RPMI-1640 culture group (untreated group),As2O3 + RPMI-1640 culture group (As2O3 treated group) and rapamycin culture group (positive control group).Autophagy of SO-Rb50 cells was examined by laser confocal microscope and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) influorescence staining,respectively,48 hours following cell culture.Ultrastructural features of autophagy were examined with transmission electron microscope (TEM).The percentage of autophagy positive cells in different concentrations of As2O3 treated groups was calculated with flow cytometer.Results The A570 values of SO-Rb50 cells were 2.194±0.066,1.841 ±0.213,1.035±0.046,0.374±0.042 and 0.167±0.019 in 0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 μmol/L As2O3 treated groups,with a significant difference among these 5 groups(F=547.636,P＜0.05),and those of 0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 μmol/L As2O3 treated groups were significantly reduced in comparison with untreated group (P =0.000).The positive granular spots for GFP-LC3 chimeric protein were seen to aggregate in autophagic vacuoles in the As2O3 treated group and positive control group,but diffuse cytoplasmic signal for GFP-LC3 was found in the untreated group.Normal ultrastructure of SO-Rb50 cells was exhibited in the untreated group,and many double-membrane-like bound vesicles and autlysosomes were documented in the As2O3 treated group and positive control group under the TEM.A lots of MDC fluorescence granule were found in the As2O3 treated group and positive control group rather than the untreated group.Flow cytometry showed that the percentages of SO-Rb50 cells were 0,15.6％,42.7％,57.9％,79.5％ and 89.0％ in the 0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 μmol/L As2O3 groups and positive control group,respectively,showing a As2O3 concentration-dependent increase.Conclusions As2O3 can induce the autophagy of SO-Rb50 cells and inhibit the proliferation of SO-Rb50 cells.Autophagic response of SO-Rb50 cells appears prior to the nuclear change after exposed to As2O3.The degree of autophagy of SO-Rb50 cells is associated with As2O3 dose.

To establish a MacELISA method for the detection of IgM antibodies against Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), we prepared virus like particle (VLP) antigens of CHIKV using the whole structural protein C-E3-E2-6K-E1 encoding gene with a baculovirus expression system in Sf9 insect cells. The VLPs were purified and used to immunize Kunming mice. Then, polyclonal antibodies were purified from the samples of ascites with a protein G HiTrap SP column and labeled with horseradish peroxidase. A MacELISA method for the detection of IgM antibodies against CHIKV was assembled with goat anti-human IgM antibody, VLP antigens and an enzyme-labeled polyclonal antibody. The results were evaluated with a serum panel containing serum samples from laboratory-confirmed CHIK, HFRS patients, healthy donors, and commercially available CHIKV IgM as a quality control. It was shown that the MacELISA had a specificity of 99% (99/100), the coefficients of variation (CoV) within a plate were <10%, and the CoV of different ELISA plates in terms of the plate variation coefficient was <15%. A comparative analysis was performed to compare the current method against a commercial CHIKV IgM antibody detection kit for IIFA-IgM. The detection limit of MacELISA was significantly lower than that of the IIFA-IgM commercial kit (P< 0.0001). Here, we demonstrate that the VLP-based MacELISA is a promising tool for the early diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of CHIKV infection, with a high level of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of IgM antibodies against CHIKV.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Chikungunya Fever ; blood ; diagnosis ; virology ; Chikungunya virus ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Mice

Objective To analyze mRNA expression of silent information regulator 6 (SIRT6) gene in the blood of population with family history of longevity in Bama county of Guangxi and to explore its association with SIRT6 gene polymorphism and its protein Methods One hundred and thirty-seven people (aged 30 ~ 106, 70 males, 67 females, 6.57% Han nationality, 93.43% Zhuang and Yao nationalities) with family history of longevity (long-lived family history group), and 91 people (aged 22~89, 51 males, 40 females, all Zhuang and Yao nationalities) without family history of longevity were recruited in the study (non-long-lived family history group). Real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of SIRT6 gene in two groups. Results SIRT6 mRNA expression of total and femals in long-lived family history group were higher than those in non-long-lived family history group (P<0.05). mRNA expression of GG and CG genotype of SIRT6 (rs350846) and G allele carriers in long-lived family history group were all higher than those in non-long-lived family history group and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). SIRT6 mRNA expression was not associated with serum SIRT6 protein in long-lived family history group (P>0.05). Conclusion The expression of mRNA in SIRT6 gene may be associated with familial aggregation of longevity in Bama County of Guangxi and high expression of mRNA of SIRT6 in G allele carriers contributes to longevity.