OBJECTIVETo explore acupuncture-assisted anesthesia in transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy via the perineum.

METHODSOne hundred and five cases of prostate biopsy were randomly divided into two groups. For 51 cases in observation group (group A), the periprostatic nerve plexus block and acupuncture on bilateral Zusanli (ST 36) were applied. For 54 cases in control group (group B), the simple periprostatic nerve plexus block was adopted. Visual Analogue Score (VAS) was used to evaluate the pain extent after biopsy and blood pressure and heart rate were monitored before, during and after operation, separately.

RESULTSVAS scores were 0.9 +/- 0.8 and 2.8 +/- 1.0 in group A and group B, separately, indicating statistical significant difference in comparison (P < 0.01). Additionally, in group B, blood pressure and heart rate during and after operation were higher remarkably than those before operation (all P < 0.05). Moreover, in group B, blood pressure during operation and heart rate during and after operation were all higher apparently than those in group A (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture-assisted anesthesia alleviates apparently pain and discomforts during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy via the perineum in patients and ensures the stability of blood pressure and heart rate.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain Management ; Perineum ; innervation ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostatic Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology

Viruses (e.g. Human immunodeficiency virus, Human simplex virus and Prototype foamy virus) are obligate intracellular parasites and therefore depend on the cellular machinery for cellular trafficking. Bovine foamy virus (BFV) is a member of the Spumaretrovirinae subfamily of Retroviruses, however, details of its cellular trafficking remain unknown. In this study, we cloned the BFV gag gene into prokaryotic expression vector pET28a and purified the denaturalized Gag protein. The protein was used to immunize BALB/c mouse to produce antiserum, which could specifically recognize the BFV Gag protein in BFV-infected cells through western blot assay. Additionally, these results demonstrated that both the optimal and suboptimal cleavage of Gag protein occur in BFV-infected cells. Subsequently, the Gag antiserum was used to investigate subcellular localization of BFV. In immunofluorescence microscopy assays, colocalization microtubules (MTs) and assembling viral particles were clearly observed, which implied that BFV may transport along cellular MTs in host cells. Furthermore, MTs-depolymerizing assay indicated MTs were required for the efficient replication of BFV. In conclusion, our study suggests that BFV has evolved the mechanism to hijack the cellular cytoskeleton for its replication.

Besides its function as a pathogenicity determinant, the Tombusvirus P19 also serves as a suppressor of RNA interference (RNAi) by sequestering intracellular small RNAs such as the small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the effect of P19 on mammalian cells has not been evaluated before. A human embryonic kidney 293 cell line that stably expressed p19 (HEK293-p19) was generated. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that over-expression of P19 caused a significant accumulation of G2/M phase cells. Cell proliferation assays demonstrated a reduced DNA replication and cell growth in HEK293-p19 cells. Moreover, p19 altered the expression profiles of a number of cell cycle regulators in HEK293 cells, such as upregulafion of cyclin A1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, p18, cyclin D2, p19INK4d and E2F1, and downregulation of p15, cyclin A2, cyclin B1 and cyclin E1. Thus, the data strongly indicate that p19 might influence multiple G2/M regulators to cause G2/M arrest.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on the intestinal mucosal permeability in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice.Methods Eighteen C57BL/6J mice were evenly divided into healthy control group,model group and anti-TNF-α treated group.The mice of model group and anti-TNF-α treated group were fed with 5％DSS solution for 7 days.The mice of anti-TNF-α treated group were injected anti-TNF-α (5 mg/kg)intraperitoneally on the first and fourth day; control group and model group were substituted with equal volume saline injection.The mice were sacrificed at 7 days after modeling.The disease activity index (DAI) score was evaluated everyday.The intestinal permeability was examined by Evan′s blue (EB) method and FITC-dextran (FITC-D) method.The colon tissue was collected for observation under microscope and histological index (HI).The small intestinal tissues were examined under electron microscope.The 10％ homogenate of colon and intestinal mucosa was prepared,the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO),the content of TNF-α and epithelial myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) concentration were determined with kits respectively.The expression of MLCK in intestinal mucosa was tested by Western blot assay.Single factor of variance between groups were analyzed.Results Compared with control group,the DAI of model group increased daily.Compared with model group,the DAI of anti-TNF-α treated group improved.In model group,mice intestinal epithelial cells junctional complex shortened and widened and the cell gap expanded.In anti-TNF-α treated group,the connection structure of mice intestinal epithelial cells was tighter.The activity of HI and MPO and the content of TNF-α of model group were higher than those of control group (P ＝ 0.008,0.006 and 0.001,respectively),all of those of anti-TNF-α treated group were lower than those of model group (P=0.004,0.008 and 0.005,respectively).The F value of three groups was 131.98,218.28 and 58.93,respectively.The contents of EB in mice intestinal wall and serum FITC-D of model group were higher than those of control group (P=0.003 and 0.010),and those of anti-TNF-α treated group were lower model group (P＝0.001 and 0.009).The F value of three groups was 69.36 and 17.96.The MLCK concentration in mice intestinal mucosa of model group [(71.10± 7.52) ng/g] was higher than that of control group [(18.56±9.92) ng/g,P＜0.01],that of anti-TNF-α treated group [(37.56±15.84) ng/g] was lower than model group (P=0.008),and the difference among these three groups was statistically significant (F＝ 17.23).The Western blot results indicated the expression of MLCK in intestinal mucosa of model group was higher than that of control group,and that of anti-TNF-α treated group was lower than model group.Conclusions Anti-TNF-α play an important role in improving colitis,and the intestinal mucosal permeability.The mechanism may be related with the regulation of MLCK expression.

Objective To investigate the association between MYO9B rs962917 and rs1545620 gene polymorphism and clinical pathological characteristics of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and permeability of intestinal mucosa.Methods From September 2010 to May 2012,a total of 196 cases of patients with IBD were collected,100 cases were ulcerative colitis (UC) and 96 cases were Crohn's disease (CD).At the same time,99 gender and age matched healthy individuals were collected as healthy controls.The 5 mL blood of participants was obtained and DNA was extracted.The MYO9B gene rs962917 and rs1545620 polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ligase detection reaction (LDR).After 60 patients with UC and 58 patients with CD orally took intestinal permeability testing fluid (with lactulose and mannitol),the urine of the patients was analyzed with high pressure liquid chromatography-pulsed lectrochemical dection (HPLC-PED).The permeability of intestinal mucosa was determined according to the ratio of lactulose and mannitol.Chisquare test was used for count data.Results Compared with healthy control group,there was no significant difference in genotype and allelic gene distribution of MYO9B rs962917 and rs1545620 of IBD group,UC group and CD group (all P＞0.05).The genotype of MYO9B rs962917 and rs1545620 of patients with UC was not related with the disease activity and location of lesions (rs962917:x2 =0.481 and 3.812,rs1545620..x2 =0.398 and 4.543 ;all P＞0.05).The genotype of MYO9B rs962917 of patients with CD was not related with the disease activity,lesion type and occurrence of perianal lesions (x2 =0.384,0.476 and 3.486,all P＞0.05) and was related with location of lesions (x2=15.926,P＜0.05).The genotype of MYO9B rs1545620 of patients with CD was not related with the disease activity and lesion type (x2 =1.407 and 5.126,both P＞0.05),however was related with location of lesions and occurrence of perianal lesions (x2 =18.165 and 7.629,both P＜0.05).The permeability of intestinal mucosa of all 58 patients with CD was high.The genotype of MYO9B rs962917 and rs1545620 of patients with UC was not related with the permeability of intestinal mucosa (x2=1.508 and 1.025,both P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion MYO9B rs962917 and rs1545620 gene polymorphism is related with the location of lesions in CD and is not related with the permeability of intestinal mucosa of patients with UC.

Objective To study the nasal mucosa absorption of paeonol ofXingbi microemulsion-based thermo-sensitive gel in rats; To evaluate the nasal mucosa absorption of medicine and the rationality of preparation form.Methods According to the nasal administration method, the blood medicine concentration of paeonol was determined at different time points.Results The nasal administration bioavailability of paeonol in Xingbi microemulsion-based thermo-sensitive gel was 78.68%, the plasma concentration reached the maximum (0.3404 μg/mL) after 3 min of administration, and the average residence time was 9.23 h. After reaching Cmax, The plasma concentration changed similar to intravenous administration of paeonol. The concentration data of paeonol in plasma was consistent with a two-compartment model, with a weight of 1.Conclusion Xingbi microemulsion-based thermo- sensitive gel has a higher bioavailability, and the preparation form was reasonable.

Objective To determine the correlation between mouse maerophage metalloelastase (MME)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression involved in angiogenesis of colon cancer.Methods A eDNA fragment coding for domainsⅠandⅡof MME was transfected into murine CT-26 colon cancer cells that were MME deficient.The enzymatic activity of recombinant MME was confirmed by cleavage of native substrate in vitro.An orthotopic implantation model was established by using MME-transfected cells and control cells.Tumor samples were subjected to in situ hybridization (ISH)and immunohistochemical staining(IHC)to detect expressions of MME and VEGF.The microvessel counting was used to assess angiogenesis of murine colon tumors.Results It was demon- strated that the tumor growth was significantly inhibited in MME-transfected group compared with pcDNA3.1 transfected and nontransfected groups(P＜0.001).It was also found that,compared with pcDNA3.1-transfected and nontransfected groups,the microvessel formation in MME transfected group was significantly reduced(P＜0.001).The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein was significantly lower in MME-transfected group than those in the controls,as demonstrated by ISH(MME-transfected group versus pcDNAa.1-transfected group,P=0.028;and versus nontransfected group,P=0.003) and by IHC(MME-transfected group versus pcDNA3.1-transfected group,P=0.025;and versus non- transfected group,P=0.008).Conclusions The MME gene transfected into murine colon cancer cells can effectively suppress the growth of orthotopic tumors by inhibition of vaseularity.Both MME and VEGF gene expression is highly associated with the vascularity of tumors,which may depend on a hal- ance between MME and VEGF expression.

The influence of low tube voltage in dual source CT (DSCT) coronary artery imaging on image quality and radiation dose and its application value in clinical practice were investigated. Totally, 300 cases of chest pain with low body mass index (BMI <18.5 kg/m(2)) subjected to DSCT coronary artery imaging were prospectively enrolled. The heart rate in all patients were greater than 65/min. The retrospective ECG gated scanning mode and simple random sampling method were used to assign the patients into groups A, B and C (n=100 each). The patients in groups A, B and C experienced 120-, 100-, and 80-kV tube voltage imaging respectively, and the image quality was evaluated. The CT volume dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were recorded, and the effective dose (ED) was calculated in each group. The image quality scores and radiation doses in groups were compared, and the influence of tube voltage on image quality and radiation dose was analyzed. The results showed that the excellent rate of image quality in groups A, B and C was 95.69%, 94.72% and 96.33% respectively with the difference being not statistically significant among the three groups (P>0.05). The CTDIvol values in groups A, B and C were 51.35±12.21, 21.28±7.13 and 6.34±3.34 mGy, respectively, with the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). The ED values in groups A, B and C were 9.27±1.63, 4.56±2.29 and 2.29±1.69 mSv, respectively, with the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). It was suggested that for the patients with low BMI, the application of DSCT coronary artery imaging with low tube voltage can obtain satisfactory image quality, and simultaneously, significantly reduce the radiation dose.

Bone turnover is regulated by local concentrations of cytokines such as osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL). To explore the in vivo biological function of Opg and the mechanism of osteoporosis due to deficiency of Opg, Opg knockout mice have been generated through homologous recombination. Opg-/- mice exhibit a sharply decrease in bone density and strength as expected. The number of osteoclasts in Opg-/- mice significantly increases. Morphologically, osteoclasts appear more cuboidal in shape in Opg-/- mice than those of wt mice, suggesting that active osteoclastogenesis occurs in the absence of Opg. In consistent with this finding, an increase of osteoblast activity was also observed with accelerated mineral accumulation rate by histomorphometric measurement and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) in Opg-/- mice. Interestingly, more than 50% of 2-month-old Opg-/- mice manifest medial calcification of aorta with comparable serum concentrations of calcium and phosphorus to wt mice. In conclusion, Opg-/- mice have a high-bone-rurnover type osteoporosis. The aortic calcification in Opg-/- mice is not due to abnormality of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The mechanism underlying aortic calcification in Opg-/- mice needs to be further investigated.

To explore the method of explants directly induced bud and establish the tissue culture system of mutiple shoot by means of direct organogenesis, core bud and daughter bulbs (the top of bud stem expanded to form daughter bulb) of T. edulis were used as explants and treated with thidiazuron (TDZ) and 1-naphthlcetic acid (NAA). The results showed that the optimal medium for bud inducted form core bud and daughter bulb were MS + TDZ 2.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 4.0 mg x L(-1) and MS +TDZ 2.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 2.0 mg x L(-1) respectively, both of them had a bud induction rate of 72.92%, 79.22%. The optimal medium for cluster buds multiplication was MS + TDZ 0.2 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.2 mg x L(-1), and proliferation coefficient was 2.23. After proliferation, cluster buds rooting occurred on MS medium with IBA 1.0 mg x L(-1) and the rooting rate was 52.6%, three to five seedlings in each plant. Using core bud and daughter bulb of T. edulis, the optimum medium for adventitious bud directly inducted from daughter bulb, core bud and cluster bud multiplication were screened out and the tissue culture system of multiple shoot by means of direct organogenesis was established.
Naphthaleneacetic Acids ; pharmacology ; Phenylurea Compounds ; pharmacology ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plant Shoots ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Seedlings ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Thiadiazoles ; pharmacology ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; Tulipa ; drug effects ; growth & development